Skip to main content

Broad Definitions of Culture in the Field of Multicultural Psychology

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Perspectives on the Intersection of Multiculturalism and Positive Psychology

Part of the book series: Cross-Cultural Advancements in Positive Psychology ((CAPP,volume 7))

Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of a broad definition of culture, and discusses the dynamic and fluid nature of culture. Past theoretical models conceptualized human behavior and functioning from a deficit viewpoint and failed to address culture. Current frameworks not only focus on a balance between deficient and optimal functioning, but also are culturally responsive. Readers are encouraged to reflect on their own cultural influences and multiple cultural identities, as well as those of the other individuals with whom they interact. Models of integrating multicultural thinking are discussed. We focus on Hays’ (2008) ADDRESSING framework and integrate it with the four-front approach (Wright and Lopez 2009) as a model for reflecting upon the complexity of human experience.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Axelson, J. A. (1985). Counseling and development in a multicultural society. Monterey: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Shalom, U., & Horenczyk, G. (2003). Acculturation orientations: A facet theory perspective on the bi-dimensional model. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34, 176–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W. (1979). Research in multicultural societies: Implications of cross-cultural methods. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 10, 415–434.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brendtro, L. K., Brokenleg, M., & Van Brokern, S. (1990). Reclaiming youth at risk: Our hope for the future. Bloomington: National Education Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecological of human development. American Psychologist, 32, 513–531.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1992). Ecological systems theory. In R. Vasta (Ed.), Six theories of child development (pp. 187–250). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryant, A., Jr., & LaFromboise, T. D. (2005). The racial identity and cultural orientation of Lumbee American Indian high school students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 11, 82–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, I., Lapham, S. C., & Barton, K. J. (1996). Drinking environment and sociodemographic factors among DWI offenders. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 57, 659–668.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Constantine, M., & Sue, D. W. (2006). Factors contributing to optimal human functioning of people of color in the United States. The Counseling Psychologist, 34, 228–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delle Fave, A., & Bassi, M. (2009). Sharing optimal experiences and promoting good community life in a multicultural society. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 280–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, L. A., & Pedrotti, J. T. (2008). A content and methodological review of articles concerning multiracial issues in six major counseling journals. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55, 411–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flannery, W. P., Reise, S. P., & Yu, J. (2001). An empirical comparison of acculturation models. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 1035–1045.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gamst, G., Dana, R. H., Der-Karabetian, A., Aragon, M., Arellano, L. M., & Kramer, T. (2002). Effects of Latino acculturation and ethnic identity on mental health outcomes. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 24, 479–504.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gerstein, L. H., Heppner, P. P., Egisdottir, S., Leung, S. M. A., & Norsworthy, K. L. (Eds.). (2009). International handbook of cross-cultural counseling: Cultural assumptions and practices worldwide. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harter, S. (1999). Symbolic interactionism revisited: Potential liabilities for the self-constructed in the crucible of interpersonal relationships. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 45, 677–703.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hays, P. A. (2008). Addressing cultural complexities in practice: Assessment, diagnosis, and therapy (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Herring, R. D. (1994). The clown or contrary figure as a counseling intervention strategy with Native American Indian clients. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 22(3), 153–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heywood, A. (2007). Political ideologies (4th ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, N. (1991). A college intervention program that works. Change, 23, 24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huitt, W. (2004). Self-concept and self-esteem. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta: Valdosta State University. Retrieved January 4, 2006, from http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/regsys/self.html

  • Judge, T. A., Locke, E. A., Durham, C. C., & Kluger, A. N. (1997). Dispositional effects on job and life satisfaction: The role of core evaluations. Journal o f Applied Psychology, 83, 17–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kroeber, A. L., & Kluckhohn, C. (1952). Culture: A critical review of concepts and definitions. Paper of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, 41. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunitz, S. J., & Levy, J. E. (1994). Drinking careers: A twenty-five year study of three Navajo populations. American Indian Culture and Research Journal, 21, 204–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kvernmo, S., & Heyerdahl, S. (2003). Acculturation strategies and ethnic identity as predictors of behavior problems in Arctic minority adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 57–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, D. G. (2005). Calls for multiple indices incorporating multiculturalism in content analysis. The Counseling Psychologist, 33(3), 349–357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez, S. J., Prosser, E. C., Edwards, L. M., Magyar-Moe, J. L., Neufeld, J. E., & Rasmussen, H. N. (2002). Putting positive psychology in a multicultural context. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 700–714). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopez, S. J., Snyder, C. R., & Rasmussen, H. N. (2003). Striking a vital balance: Developing a complementary focus on human weakness and strength through positive psychological assessment. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Positive psychological assessment: A handbook of models and measures (pp. 3–20). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez-Class, M., Felipe González, C., & Ramirez, A. G. (2011). Conceptions of acculturation: A review and statement of critical issues. Social Science & Medicine, 72, 1555–1562. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.03.011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McIntosh, P. (1998). White privilege: Unpacking the invisible knapsack. In P. S. Rothenberg (Ed.), Race, class, and gender in the United States: An integrated study (pp. 188–191). New York: Worth Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miranda, A. O., & Umhoefer, D. L. (1998). Acculturation, language use, and demographic variables as predictor of career self-efficacy of Latino career counseling clients. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 26, 39–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moncher, M. S., Holden, G. W., & Trimble, J. E. (1990). Substance abuse among Native American youth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 408–415.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oetting, E. R., & Beauvis, F. (1991). Adolescent drug use: Findings of national and local surveys. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 385–394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pedrotti, J. T. (2013). Taking culture into account with positive psychological interventions. In A. C. Parks (Ed.), The handbook of positive psychological interventions. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedrotti, J. T., & Edwards, L. M. (2009). The intersection of positive psychology and multiculturalism in counseling. In J. Ponterotto, M. Casas, L. Suzuki, & C. Alexander (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural counseling (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedrotti, J. T., Edwards, L. M., & Lopez, S. J. (2009). Putting positive psychology within a cultural context. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of positive psychology (pp. 49–57). New York: Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phinney, J. S., & Chavira, V. (1992). Ethnic identity and self-esteem: An exploratory longitudinal study. Journal of Adolescence, 18, 271–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phinney, J. S., Cantu, C. L., & Kurtz, D. A. (1997). Ethnic and American identity as predictors of self-esteem among African American, Latino, and White adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26, 165–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pieterse, A. L., & Carter, R. T. (2010). The role of racial identity in perceived racism and psychological stress among Black American adults: Exploring traditional and alternative approaches. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40, 1028–1053.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, H. N., Nuefeld, J. E., Bouwkamp, J. C., Edwards, L. M., Ito, A., Magyar-Moe, J. L., Ryder, J. A., & Lopez, S. J. (2003). Environmental assessment: Examining influences on optimal human functioning. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Positive psychological assessment: A handbook of models and measures (pp. 443–458). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sattler, J. M. (2001). Assessment of culturally and linguistically diverse children: Background considerations and dynamics. In J. M. Sattler (Ed.), Assessment of children cognitive applications (4th ed., pp. 635–656). San Diego: Jerome M. Sattler Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60(5), 410–421.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shweder, R., & LeVine, R. A. (1984). Culture theory: Essays on mind, self, and emotion. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simonton, D. K. (1997). Foreign influence and national achievement: The impact of open milieus on Japanese civilization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 86–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simonton, D. K. (2000). Creativity: Cognitive, personal, developmental, and social aspects. American Psychologist, 55, 151–158.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, T. B., & Silva, L. (2011). Ethnic identity and personal well-being of people of color: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58, 42–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Snauwert, B., Soenens, B., Vanbeselaere, N., & Boen, F. (2003). When integration does not necessarily imply integration: Different conceptualizations of acculturation orientations lead to different classifications. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34, 231–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, C. R., Lopez, S. J., & Pedrotti, J. T. (2011). Positive psychology: The scientific and practical explorations of human strengths (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, O. C. (1984). Taos factionalism. American Indian Culture and Research, 18, 37–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Triandis, H. C. (1996). The psychological measurement of cultural syndromes. American Psychologist, 51, 407–415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uchida, Y., Norasakkunkit, V., & Kitayama, S. (2004). Cultural constructions of happiness: Theory and empirical evidence. Journal of Happiness Studies, 5, 223–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walters, K. L. (1999). Urban American Indian identity attitudes and acculturation styles. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 2, 163–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, C., & Kus, L. (2012). Back to and beyond Berry’s basics: The conceptualization, operationalization and classification of acculturation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36, 471–485.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitsell, N., Mitchell, C., Kaufman, C., & Spicer, P. (2006). Developmental trajectories of personal collective self-concept among American Indian adolescents. Child Development, 77, 1487–1503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, P. T. P., Wong, L. C. J., & Scott, C. (2006). The positive psychology of transformation: Beyond stress and coping. In P. T. P. Wong & L. C. J. Wong (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural perspectives on stress and coping. New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, B. A. (1991). Labeling: The need for greater person-environment individuation. In C. R. Snyder & D. R. Forsyth (Eds.), The handbook of social and clinical psychology (pp. 469–487). New York: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, B. A., & Lopez, S. J. (2009). Widening the diagnostic focus: A case for including human strengths and environmental resources. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Oxford handbook of positive psychology (pp. 71–87). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yakushko, O., Davidson, M. M., & Williams, E. N. (2009). Clinical work with limited English proficiency clients: A phenomenological exploration. Psychotherapy Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 46, 180–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Heather N. Rasmussen Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rasmussen, H.N., Lavish, L. (2014). Broad Definitions of Culture in the Field of Multicultural Psychology. In: Teramoto Pedrotti, J., Edwards, L. (eds) Perspectives on the Intersection of Multiculturalism and Positive Psychology. Cross-Cultural Advancements in Positive Psychology, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8654-6_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics