Abstract
Only a few stable movement patterns may be produced initially in rhythmic bimanual coordination. Through a collective variable, relative phase, these patterns define attractors of the system’s intrinsic dynamics. By visually requiring a relative phase, behavioral information is introduced into the dynamics, which attracts the system’s behavior toward the required phasing pattern. Learning is the process by which such environmental behavioral information becomes memorized. The experimental rationale is to systematically probe the current collective variable dynamics while a phasing pattern is practiced in order to observe the evolution of the attractor layout as a new task is learned. Several dynamical processes associated with learning are identified. Pattern stability depends on whether behavioral information competes or cooperates with the intrinsic dynamics. A coordination pattern is learned to the extent that the initial dynamics are modified in the direction of the required pattern. If these practice-induced alterations of the dynamics are qualitative, learning takes the form of a nonequilibrium phase transition.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abraham, R., & Shaw, C. (1982). Dynamics - The geometry of behavior. Part 1: Periodic
Baldissera, F., Cavallari, P., & Civaschi, P. (1982). Preferential coupling between voluntary movements of ipsilateral limbs. Neuroscience Letters, 34, 95-100.
Cohen, L. (1971). Synchronous bimanual movements performed by homologous and non-homologous muscles. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 32, 639-644.
Fitts, P. M. (1964). Perceptual-motor skill learning. In A. W. Melton (Ed.), Categories of human learning (pp. 243-285). New York: Academic Press.
Glass, L., & MacKey, M. C. (1988). From clocks to chaos - The rhythms of life. Princeton, NJ: Princeton.
Gleick, J. (1987). Chaos - Making a new science. New York: Viking Penguin.
Haken, H. (1977/1983a). Synergetics, an introduction:Non-equilibrium phase transitions and self-organization in physics, chemistry and biology. Berlin: Springer.
Haken, H. (1983b). Advanced synergetics: Instability hierarchies of self-organizing systems and devices. Berlin: Springer.
Haken, H. (1985). Complex systems: Operational approaches in neurobiology, physical systems and computers. Berlin: Springer.
Haken, H., Kelso, J. A. S., & Bunz, H. (1985). A theoretical model of phase transitions in human hand movements. Biological Cybernetics, 51, 347-356.
Haken, H., & Stadler, M. (1990). Synergetics of cognition. Berlin: Springer.
Kelso, J. A. S. (1984). Phase transitions and critical behavior in human bimanual coordination. American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 15, R1000-R1004.
Kelso, J. A. S. (1990). Phase transitions: Foundations of behavior. In H. Haken (Ed.), Synergetics of cognition (pp. 249-268). Berlin: Springer.
Kelso, J. A. S., Buchanan, J. J., & Wallace, S. A. (1990). Order parameters for the neural organization of single, multijoint limb movement patterns. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Kelso, J. A. S., Delcolle, J. D., & Schöner, G. S. (1990). Action-perception as a pattern formation process. In M. Jeannerod (Ed.), Attention and performance XIII(pp. 139-169). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Kelso, J. A. S., Mandell, A. J., & Shlesinger, M. S. (1988). Dynamic patterns in complex systems. Singapore: World Scientific.
Kelso, J. A. S., & Scholz, J. P. (1985). Cooperative phenomena in biological motion. In H. Haken (Ed.), Complex systems: Operational approaches in neurobiology, physical systems and computers (pp. 124-149). Berlin: Springer.
Kelso, J. A. S., Scholz, J. P., & Schöner, G. S. (1988). Dynamics governs switching among patterns of coordination in biological movement. Physics Letters, A134(1), 8–12.
Kelso, J. A. S., & Schöner, G. S. (1987). Toward a physical (synergetic) theory of biological coordination. In R. Graham & A. Wunderlin (Eds.), Lasers and synergetics (pp. 224-237). Berlin: Springer.
Kelso, J. A. S., & Schöner, G. S. (1988). Self-organization of coordinative movement patterns. Human Movement Science, 7, 27-46.
May, R. (1976). Simple mathematical models with very complicated dynamics. Nature, 261, 459-467.
Nicolis, G., & Prigogine, I. (1989). Exploring complexity: An introduction. San Francisco: Freeman.
Schmidt, R. C., Carello, C., & Turvey, M. T. (1990). Phase transitions and critical fluctuations in the visual coordination of rhythmic movements between people. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 16(2), 227-247.
Scholz, J. P., & Kelso, J. A. S. (1990). Intentional switching between patterns of bimanual coordination is dependent on the intrinsic dynamics of the patterns. Journal of Motor Behavior, 22(1), 98-124.
Scholz, J. P., Kelso, J. A. S., & Schöner, G. S. (1987). Non-equilibrium phase transitions in coordinated biological motion: Critical slowing down and switching time. Physics Letters, A123, 390-394.
Schöner, G. S., Haken, H., & Kelso, J. A. S. (1986). A stochastic theory of phase transitions in human hand movement. Biological Cybernetics, 53, 442-452.
Schöner, G. S., & Kelso, J. A. S. (1988a). Dynamic pattern generation in behavioral and neural systems. Science, 239, 1513-1520.
Schöner, G. S., & Kelso, J. A. S. (1988b). Dynamic patterns in biological coordination: Theoretical strategy and new results. In J. A. S. Kelso, A. J. Mandell, & M. F. Shlesinger (Eds.), Dynamic patterns in complex systems (pp. 77-102). Singapore: World Scientific.
Schöner, G. S., & Kelso, J. A. S. (1988c). A synergetic theory of environment ally-specified and learned patterns of movement coordination. I. Relative phase dynamics. Biological Cybernetics, 58, 71-80.
Schöner, G. S., & Kelso, J. A. S. (1988d). A synergetic theory of environmentally-specified and learned patterns of movement coordination. II. Component oscillator dynamics. Biological Cybernetics, 58, 81-89.
Schöner, G. S., & Kelso, J. A. S. (1988e). A dynamic theory of behavioral change. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 135, 501-524.
Tuller, B., & Kelso, J. A. S. (1989). Environment ally-specified patterns of movement coordination in normal and split-brain subjects. Experimental Brain Research, 75, 306-316.
Tuller, B., & Kelso, J. A. S. (1990). Phase transitions in speech production and their perceptual consequences. In M. Jeannerod (Ed.), Attention and performance XIII (pp. 429-452). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Yamanishi, T., Kawato, M., & Suzuki, R. (1980). Two coupled oscillators as model for the coordinated finger tapping by both hands. Biological Cybernetics, 37, 219-225.
Yates, E. F. (1987). Self-organizing systems. The emergence of order. New York: Plenum.
Zanone, P. G., & Kelso, J. A. S. (1990). The evolution of behavioral attractors with learning: Nonequilibrium phase transitions. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Zanone, P. G., & Kelso, J. A. S. (in press). Learning and transfer as paradigms for behavioral change. In G. E. Stelmach & J. Requin (Eds.), Tutorial in motor behavior II. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zanone, P.G., Kelso, J.A.S. (1991). Experimental Studies of Behavioral Attractors and Their Evolution with Learning. In: Requin, J., Stelmach, G.E. (eds) Tutorials in Motor Neuroscience. NATO ASI Series, vol 62. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3626-6_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3626-6_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5609-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-3626-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive