Abstract
In this chapter I discuss two dominant approaches to thinking about and measuring the quality of life or well-being of disabled children (social indicators of living conditions compared with psychological indicators of well-being). I then present three examples of the use of social indicators to illustrate the nature and level of material and social disadvantage faced by disabled children when compared with their non-disabled peers. These examples focus on: (1) changes in the quality of life of disabled Australian children (age 0–14); (2) the quality of life of very young children in the UK who are at risk of disability; (3) the quality of life of young disabled children in Bangladesh, Macedonia, Mongolia and Thailand. I conclude by highlighting some of the pragmatic and conceptual implications of adopting one of these dominant approaches to conceptualizing the quality of life of disabled children.
A note on terminology: Throughout this chapter I will use the term ‘disabled children’ in preference to the alternative term ‘children with disability/ies’. This choice reflects the emphasis placed within social models of disability on the ways in which social structures and practices actively make people disabled.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
One option in such circumstances would be to collect information from proxy respondents (e.g. a parent or a sibling). Unfortunately, however, the existing research suggests that there is very poor agreement indeed between self-report and information collected from proxy respondents on such matters as happiness or life-satisfaction (Cummins, 2002; Eiser & Morse, 2001).
References
Albrecht, G. L., & Devlieger, P. J. (1999). The disability paradox: High quality of life against all odds. Social Science & Medicine, 48, 977–988.
Anand, P., Hunter, G., & Smth, R. (2005). Capabilities and well-being: Evidence based on the Sen-Nussbaum approach to welfare. Social Indicators Research, 74, 9–55.
Argyle, M. (1999). Causes and correlates of happiness. In D. Kahneman, E. Deiner, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Well-Being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology (pp. 353–373). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Bank., W. (2005). World Development Report 2006: Equity & Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bank., W. (2006). World Development Report 2007: Development & the Next Generation. Washington: World Bank.
Bank., W. (2007). World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Bracken, B. A. (2002). Bracken School Readiness Assessment. London: Harcourt Assessment.
Bradshaw, J., Hoelscher, P., & Richardson, D. (2007). An index of child well-being in the European Union. Social Indicators Research, 80, 133–177.
Brickman, P., & Campbell, D. T. (1971). Hedonic relativism and planning the good society. In M. H. Apley (Ed.), Adaptation-Level Theory: A Symposium (pp. 287–302). New York: Academic Press.
Burchardt, T. (2004). Capabilities and disability: The capabilities framework and the social model of disability. Disability and Society, 19(7), 735–751.
Carver, C., & Scheier, M. (1990). Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view. Psychological Review, 97, 19–35.
Chow, S., Lo, S., & Cummins, R. (2005). Self-perceived quality of life of children and adolescents with physical disabilities in Hong Kong. Quality of Life Research, 14, 415–423.
Cummins, R. (2002). Proxy responding for subjective well-being: A review. In L. M. Glidden (Ed.), International Review of Research in Mental Retardation (Vol. 25, pp. 183–207). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Cummins, R. (2003). Normative life satisfaction: Measurement issues and a homeostatic model. Social Indicators Research, 64(2), 225–256.
Dex, S., & Joshi, H. (Eds.). (2005). Children of the 21st Century: From birth to nine months. Bristol: Policy Press.
Dickinson, H., Parkinson, K., Ravens-Sieberer, U., Schirripa, G., Thyen, U., Arnaud, C., et al. (2007). Self-reported quality of life of 8–12-year-old children with cerebral palsy: A crosssectional European study. Lancet, 369, 2171–2178.
Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Scollon, C. (2006). Beyond the hedonic treadmill: Revising the adaptation theory of well-being. American Psychologist, 61, 305–314.
Diener, E., & Suh, E. (1997). Measuring quality of life: Economic, social and subjective indicators. Social Indicators Research, 40, 189–216.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276–302.
Dijkers, M. P. (1997). Quality of life after spinal cord injury: A meta analysis of the effects of disablement components. Spinal Cord, 35, 829–840.
Easterlin, R. A. (2003). Explaining happiness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100, 11176–11183.
Edwards, C., & Imrie, R. (2008). Disability and the implications of the wellbeing agenda: Some reflections from the United Kingdom. Journal of Social Policy, 37(3), 337–355.
Eiser, C., & Morse, R. (2001). Can parents rate their child’s healthrelated quality of life? Results of a systemic review. Quality of Life Research, 10, 347–357.
Elwan, A. (1999). Poverty and Disability: A survey of the literature. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Emerson, E., Fujiura, G. T., & Hatton, C. (2007). International perspectives. In S. L. Odom, R. H. Horner, M. Snell, & J. Blacher (Eds.), Handbook on Developmental Disabilities. New York: Guilford Press.
Emerson, E., & Hatton, C. (2008). The self-reported well-being of women and men with intellectual disabilities in England. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 113(2), 143–155.
Emerson, E., Honey, A., & Llewellyn, G. (2008). The Well-Being and Aspirations of Australian Adolescents and Young Adults with a Long-term Health Condition, Disability or Impairment. Canberra: Australian Research Alliance for Children and Youth.
Emerson, E., Honey, A., Madden, R., & Llewellyn, G. (2009). The well-being of Australian adolescents and young adults with self-reported long-term health conditions, impairments or disabilities: 2001 and 2006. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 44, 37–51.
Fabian Commission on Life Chances and Child Poverty. (2006). Narrowing the Gap: The Final Report of the Fabian Commission on Life Chances and Child Poverty. London: Fabian Society.
Frederick, S., & Loewenstein, G. (1999). Hedonic adaptation. In D. Kahneman, E. Deiner, & N. Schwartz (Eds.), Well-Being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology (pp. 302–329). New York: Sage.
Fujiura, G. T., & Rutkowski-Kmitta, V. (2001). Counting disability. In G. L. Albrecht, K. D. Seelman, & M. Bury (Eds.), Handbook of Disabilities Studies (pp. 69–96). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Goodman, R. (1999). The extended version of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire as a guide to child psychiatric caseness and consequent burden. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, 791–801.
Graham, H. (2007). Unequal Lives: Health and Socioeconomic Inequalities. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Graham, H., & Power, C. (2004). Childhood disadvantage and health inequalities: A framework for policy based on lifecourse research. Child: Care, Health & Development, 30, 671–678.
Grasso, M., & Canova, L. (2008). An assessment of the quality of life in the European Union based on the social indicators approach. Social Indicators Research, 87, 1–25.
Groce, N. E. (2003). Adolescents and Youth with Disabilities: Issues & Challenges. Washington: World Bank.
Hansen, K. (2006). Millennium Cohort Study: First and Second Surveys – A Guide to the Datasets. London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, University of London.
Hansen, K., & Joshi, H. (2007). Millennium Cohort Study Second Survey: A User’s Guide to Initial Findings. London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, University of London.
Headey, B. (2006a). A framework for assessing poverty, disadvantage and low capabilities in Australia. Melbourne: Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, University of Melbourne.
Headey, B. (2006b). Subjective well-being: Revisions to dynamic equilibrium theory using national panel data and panel regression methods. Social Indicators Research, 79, 369–403.
Headey, B. (2008). the set-point theory of well-being: Negative results and consequent revisions. Social Indicators Research, 85, 389–403.
Headey, B., Muffels, R., & Wooden, M. (2008). Money does not buy happiness: Or does it? A reassessment based on the combined effects of wealth, income and consumption. Social Indicators Research, 87, 65–82.
Headey, B., Warren, D., & Harding, G. (2006). Families, Incomes and Jobs: A Statistical Report of the HILDA Survey. Melbourne: Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne.
Headey, B., & Wearing, A. (1989). Personality, life events and subjective well-being: Toward a dynamic equilibrium model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 731–739.
HILDA. (2006). HILDA Survey Annual Report 2006. Melbourne: Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, University of Melbourne.
Kahneman, D., Diener, E., & Schwarz, N. (Eds.). (1999). Well-Being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology. New York: Russel Sage Foundation.
Krause, J. (1997). Adjustment after spinal cord injury: A 9 year longitudinal study. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 78, 651–657.
Kuh, D., Power, C., Blane, D., & Bartley, M. (2003). Socioeconomic pathways between childhood and adult health. In D. L. Kuh & Y. Ben-Shlomo (Eds.), A lifecourse approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Tracing the origins of ill-health from early to adult life (2 ed., pp. 371–395). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Layard, R. (2005). Happiness: Lessons from a New Science. London: Penguin.
Loaiza, E., & Cappa, C. (2005). Measuring Children’s Disability via Household Surveys: The MICS Experience. New York: Unicef.
Lucas, R. E. (2007a). Adaptation and the set-point model of subjective well-being. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(2), 75–79.
Lucas, R. E. (2007b). Long-term disability is associated with lasting changes in subjective well-being: Evidence from two nationally representative longitudinal studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(4), 717–730.
Lykken, D., & Tellegen, A. (1996). Happiness is a stochastic phenomenon. Psychological Science, 7, 186–189.
Marks, N., & Shah, H. (2005). A well-being manifesto for a flourishing society. In F. Huppert, N. Baylis, & B. Keverne (Eds.), The Science of Well-being. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mehnert, T., Krauss, H., Nadler, R., & Boyd, M. (1990). Correlates of life satisfaction in those with disabling conditions. Rehabilitation Psychology, 35(1), 3–17.
Nussbaum, M., & Sen, A. (Eds.). (1993). The Quality of Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Plewis, I. (2003). Millennium Cohort Study: First Survey. Technical Report on Sampling (2nd ed.). London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, University of London.
Plewis, I., & Ketende, S. (2006). Millennium Cohort Study: Technical Report on Response. London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, University of London.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141–166.
Schalock, R. L., Brown, I., Brown, R., Cummins, R., Felce, D., Matikka, L., et al. (2002). Conceptualization, measurement and application of quality of life for persons with intellectual disabilities: Report of an international panel of experts. Mental Retardation, 40(6), 457–470.
Sen, A. (2001). Development as Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sirgy, M. J., Michalos, A. C., Ferriss, A. L., Easterlin, R. A., Patrick, D., & Pavot, W. (2006). The quality of life research movement: Past, present and future. Social Indicators Research, 76, 343–466.
Smith, D. M., Langa, K. M., Kabeto, M. U., & Ubel, P. A. (2005). Health, wealth, and happiness: Financial resources buffer subjective well-being after the onset of a disability. Psychological Science, 19(9), 663–666.
Soder, M. (2004). Why head counting? In J. Tossebro & A. Kittelsaa (Eds.), Exploring the Living Conditions of Disabled People (pp. 211–228). Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur.
Sointu, E. (2005). The rise of an ideal: Tracing changing discourses of well-being. Sociological Review, 53(2), 255–274.
The Equalities Review. (2007). Fairness and Freedom: The Final Report of the Equalities Review. London: The Equalities Review.
Tossebro, J., & Kittelsaa, A. (2004). Studying the living conditions of disabled people: Approaches and problems. In J. Tossebro & A. Kittelsaa (Eds.), Exploring the Living Conditions of Disabled People (pp. 17–44). Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur.
UNICEF. (2005a). Children and Disability in Transition in the CEE/CIS and Baltic States. Florence: Unicef Innocenti Research Centre.
UNICEF. (2005b). The State of the World’s Children 2006: Excluded and Invisable. New York: Unicef.
UNICEF. (2006). The State of the World’s Children 2007: Women and Children. The Double Dividend of Gender Equality. New York: Unicef.
UNICEF. (2007a). Child Poverty in Perspective: An overview of child well-being in rich countries. Florence: Unicef Innocenti Research Centre.
UNICEF. (2007b). Promoting the Rights of Children with Disabilities. Florence: Unicef Innocenti Research Centre.
UNICEF. (2007c). The State of the World’s Children 2008:Child Survival. New York: Unicef.
United Nations. (2007). World Youth Report 2007: Young People’s Transition into Adulthood. New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations.
United Nations Development Program. (2006). Human Development Report 2006: Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis. New York: United Nations.
United Nations Development Program. (2007). Human Development Report 2007: Fighting Climate Change. Human Solidarity in a Divided World. New York: United Nations Development Program.
Watson, N. (Ed.). (2008). HILDA User Manual – Release 6. Melbourne: Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, University of Melbourne.
World Health Organization. (1995). The World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment (WHOQOL): Position paper from the World Health Organization. Social Science & Medicine, 41, 1403–1409.
World Health Organization. (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. (2005). The World Health Report 2005: Make Every Mother and Child Count. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. (2006). World Health Report 2006: Working Together for Health. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. (2007). World Health Report 2007: A safer future, global public health security in the 21st Century. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Emerson, E. (2010). The Quality of Life of Disabled Children. In: Kober, R. (eds) Enhancing the Quality of Life of People with Intellectual Disabilities. Social Indicators Research Series, vol 41. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9650-0_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9650-0_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-9649-4
Online ISBN: 978-90-481-9650-0
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawSocial Sciences (R0)