Abstract
Although oxygen has been present in the atmosphere for 5 billion years, it is believed that its concentration was infinitesimal until 2.5 billion years ago, when the first photosynthetic organisms appeared [1, 2]. The gradual increment of oxygen atmospheric concentration allowed further evolution for the animal species depending on an aerobic metabolism by enhancing the survival of those forms that had better protection against the increasing oxidative stress of the changing atmosphere [2].
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© 1996 Springer-Verlag Italia, Milano
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De Martino, G., Luchetti, M., De Rosa, R.C., Marroni, A., Oriani, G., Longoni, C. (1996). Toxic Effects of Oxygen. In: Oriani, G., Marroni, A., Wattel, F. (eds) Handbook on Hyperbaric Medicine. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2198-3_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2198-3_3
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