Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Use of Stem Cells in Orthopaedics

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Bio-orthopaedics

  • 1996 Accesses

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells have for some time been gaining interest in the context of their potential applications in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of differentiating into one of several mesenchymal phenotypes such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, marrow stromal cells, tendon–ligament fibroblasts and adipocytes [ 1– 4]. Due to the relative ease of obtaining and administering them, compared to the alternative surgical treatment (or in combination with surgical treatment), they offer an attractive therapeutic option, for both physicians and patients alike, and find an increasing range of applications in orthopaedics. According to the most recent thinking on mesenchymal stem cell physiology, these cells are actually pericytes, that is, perivascular cells which are activated in response to trauma or local inflammation, and act to repair the damage using various types of chemotactic factors [ 5]. These secreted bioactive factors suppress the local immune system, inhibit fibrosis (scar formation) and apoptosis, enhance angiogenesis and stimulate mitosis and differentiation of tissue-intrinsic reparative or stem cells [ 6]. It has been proposed that the pericyte is released from its position on a vascular tube in the case of a focal injury, and, as such, it functions as an immunomodulatory and trophic MSC [ 7]. MSC-induced immune modulation turns off T-cell supervision of the injured area and blocks autoimmunological reactions. Its trophic activity limits the field of damage so that scarring does not occur and that tissue-intrinsic progenitors replace the expired cells.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Caplan AI. Mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthop Res. 1991;9:641–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Caplan AI. Mesenchymal stem cell: cell-based reconstructive therapy in orthopaedics. Tissue Eng. 2005;11:1198–211.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Caplan AI. Adult mesenchymal stem cells for tissue engineering versus regenerative medicine. J Cell Physiol. 2007;213:341–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Zuk PA, Zhu M, Mizuno H, Huang J, Futrell JW, Katz AJ, et al. Multilineage cells from human adipose tissue: implications for cell-based therapies. Tissue Eng. 2001;7(2):211–28.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Caplan AI, Correa D. The MSC: an injury drugstore. Cell Stem Cell. 2011;9(1):11–5. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2011.06.008.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Caplan AI, Dennis JE. Mesenchymal stem cells as trophic mediators. J Cell Biochem. 2006;98:1076–84. doi:10.1002/jcb.20886.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Caplan AI. All MSCs are pericytes? Cell Stem Cell. 2008;3(3):229–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Atesok K, Fu FH, Sekiya I, Stolzing A, Ochi M, Rodeo SA. Stem cells in degenerative orthopaedic pathologies: effects of aging on therapeutic potential. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2015. [Epub ahead of print].

    Google Scholar 

  9. LaPrade RF, Geeslin AG, Murray IR, Musahl V, Zlotnicki JP, Petrigliano F, Mann BJ. Biologic treatments for sports injuries II think tank—current concepts, future research, and barriers to advancement, part 1: biologics overview, ligament injury, tendinopathy. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(12):3270–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Salem HK, Thiemermann C. Mesenchymal stromal cells: current understanding and clinical status. Stem Cells. 2010;28:585–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Onishi K, Jones DL, Riester SM, Lewallen EA, Lewallen DG, Sellon JL, Dietz AB, Qu W, van Wijnen AJ, Smith J. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells remain viable and metabolically active following needle passage. PM R. 2016;8(9):844–54. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.01.010.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. De Girolamo L, Kon E, Filardo G, Marmotti AG, Soler F, Peretti GM, Vannini F, Madry H, Chubinskaya S. Regenerative approaches for the treatment of early OA. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2016;24(6):1826–35. doi:10.1007/s00167-016-4125-y.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Filardo G, Madry H, Jelic M, Roffi A, Cucchiarini M, Kon E. Mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of cartilage lesions: from preclinical findings to clinical application in orthopaedics. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013;21(8):1717–29. doi:10.1007/s00167-012-2329-3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Koga H, Engebretsen L, Brinchmann JE, Muneta T, Sekiya I. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for cartilage repair: a review. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2009;17(11):1289–97. doi:10.1007/s00167-009-0782-4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Nakamura N, Miyama T, Engebretsen L, Yoshikawa H, Shino K. Evidence-based medicine series systematic review cell-based therapy in articular cartilage lesions of the knee. Arthroscopy. 2009;25(5):531–52. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2009.02.007.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Kim YS, Kwon OR, Choi YJ, Suh DS, Heo DB, Koh YG. Comparative matched-pair analysis of the injection versus implantation of mesenchymal stem cells for knee osteoarthritis. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(11):2738–46. doi:10.1177/0363546515599632.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Koh YG, Choi YJ, Kwon SK, Kim YS, Yeo JE. Clinical results and second-look arthroscopic findings after treatment with adipose-derived stem cells for knee osteoarthritis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2015;23(5):1308–16. doi:10.1007/s00167-013-2807-2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Freitag J, Ford J, Bates D, Boyd R, Hahne A, Wang Y, Cicuttini F, Huguenin L, Norsworthy C, Shah K. Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the treatment of isolated knee chondral lesions: design of a randomised controlled pilot study comparing arthroscopic microfracture versus arthroscopic microfracture combined with postoperative mesenchymal stem cell injections. BMJ Open. 2015;5(12):e009332. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009332.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Koh YG, Jo SB, Kwon OR, Suh DS, Lee SW, Park SH, Choi YJ. Mesenchymal stem cell injections improve symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. Arthroscopy. 2013;29(4):748–55. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2012.11.017.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Kosaka M, Nakase J, Hayashi K, Tsuchiya H. Adipose-derived regenerative cells promote tendon-bone healing in a rabbit model. Arthroscopy. 2016;32(5):851–9. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2015.10.012.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kouroupis D, Kyrkou A, Triantafyllidi E, Katsimpoulas M, Chalepakis G, Goussia A, Georgoulis A, Murphy C, Fotsis T. Generation of stem cell-based bioartificial anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) grafts for effective ACL rupture repair. Stem Cell Res. 2016;17(2):448–57. doi:10.1016/j.scr.2016.04.016.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Oshita T, Tobita M, Tajima S, Mizuno H. Adipose-derived stem cells improve collagenase-induced tendinopathy in a rat model. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(8):1983–9. doi:10.1177/0363546516640750.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Sevivas N, Teixeira FG, Portugal R, Araújo L, Carriço LF, Ferreira N, Vieira da Silva M, Espregueira-Mendes J, Anjo S, Manadas B, Sousa N, Salgado AJ.Mesenchymal stem cell secretome: a potential tool for the prevention of muscle degenerative changes associated with chronic rotator cuff tears. Am J Sports Med. 2016. pii: 0363546516657827. [Epub ahead of print].

    Google Scholar 

  24. Hogan MV, Walker GN, Cui LR, Fu FH, Huard J. The role of stem cells and tissue engineering in orthopaedic sports medicine: current evidence and future directions. Arthroscopy. 2015;31(5):1017–21. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2014.11.033.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Bianchi F, Maioli M, Leonardi E, Olivi E, Pasquinelli G, Valente S, Mendez AJ, Ricordi C, Raffaini M, Tremolada C, Ventura C. A new nonenzymatic method and device to obtain a fat tissue derivative highly enriched in pericyte-like elements by mild mechanical forces from human lipoaspirates. Cell Transplant. 2013;22(11):2063–77. doi:10.3727/096368912X657855.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. van Dongen JA, Stevens HP, Parvizi M, van der Lei B, Harmsen MC. The fractionation of adipose tissue procedure to obtain stromal vascular fractions for regenerative purposes. Wound Repair Regen. 2016;24(6):994–1003. doi:10.1111/wrr.12482.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Willemsen JC, van der Lei B, Vermeulen KM, Stevens HP. The effects of platelet-rich plasma on recovery time and aesthetic outcome in facial rejuvenation: preliminary retrospective observations. Aesthet Plast Surg. 2014;38(5):1057–63. doi:10.1007/s00266-014-0361-z.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. GAMMA Hospital, Warsaw, Poland

    Konrad Slynarski & Filip Baszczeski

  2. Department of Plastic Surgery, Bergman Clinics, Rijswijk, The Netherlands

    Hieronymus P. Stevens & Joris A. van Dongen

  3. Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Joris A. van Dongen

  4. Orthopedics and Pediatric Orthopedics Clinic, Medical University, Lodz, Poland

    Lukasz Lipinski

Authors
  1. Konrad Slynarski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hieronymus P. Stevens
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Joris A. van Dongen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Filip Baszczeski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Lukasz Lipinski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Konrad Slynarski .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. O.A.S.I. Bioresearch Foundation NPO, Milan, Italy

    Alberto Gobbi

  2. Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal

    JoĂŁo Espregueira-Mendes

  3. Musculoskeletal and Joint Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA

    John G. Lane

  4. Department of Orthopedics, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Mustafa Karahan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 ISAKOS

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Slynarski, K., Stevens, H.P., van Dongen, J.A., Baszczeski, F., Lipinski, L. (2017). Use of Stem Cells in Orthopaedics. In: Gobbi, A., Espregueira-Mendes, J., Lane, J., Karahan, M. (eds) Bio-orthopaedics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54181-4_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54181-4_16

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-54180-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-54181-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation