Skip to main content

Gait Training

  • Chapter
PNF in Practice

Abstract

Walking is a major goal for most patients. Effective walking requires the ability to change direction and to walk backward and sideways as well as forward. Being able to go up and down curbs, climb stairs and hills, and open and close doors increases the utility of the activity. To be totally functional the individual should be able to get down onto the ground and back up to standing again.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adler SS (1976) Influence of “Joint Approximation” on lower extremity extensor muscles: an EMG study. unpublished thesis presented at APTA annual conference, New Orleans

    Google Scholar 

  • Eberhart HD, Inman VT, Bresler B (1954) The principal elements in human locomotion, in Human Limbs & Their Substitutes Klopteg PE, Wilson PD (ed.). McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc

    Google Scholar 

  • Horak FB, Nashner LM (1986) Central programming of postural movements: adaptation to altered support-surface configurations. J Neurophysiol 55 (6): 1369–1381

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inman VT, Ralston HJ, Todd F (1981) Human Walking. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Lerner-Frankiel MB, Vargas S, Brown M, Krusell, L (1986) Functional community ambulation: what are your criteria? Clinical Management 6 (2): 12–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray MP, Drought AB, Kory RC (1964) Walking Patterns of Normal Men, JBJS 46—A (2): 335–360

    Google Scholar 

  • Nuzik S, Lamb R, VanSant A, Hirt S (1986) Sit-to-stand movement pattern, a kinematic study. Phys Ther 66 (11): 1708–1713

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perry J (1967) The mechanics of walking, a clinical interpretation. in Principles of Lower-Extremi- ty Bracing. ed: Perry J, Hislop HJ. American Physical Therapy Association, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

Further Reading, Posture Control and Movement

  • Finley FR, Cody KA (1969) Locomotive characteristics of urban pedestrians. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 51: 423–426

    Google Scholar 

  • Gahery Y, Massion J (1981) Co-ordination between posture and movement. Trends Neuro Sci 4: 199–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nashner LM (1980) Balance adjustments of humans perturbed while walking. J Neurophysiol 44: 650–664

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nashner LM (1982) Adaptation of human movement to altered environments. Trends Neuro Sci 5: 358–361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nashner LM, Woollacott M (1979) The organization of rapid postural adjustments of standing humans: an experimental-conceptual model. In: Talbott RE, Humphrey DR (eds) Posture and movement. Raven, New York 1979

    Google Scholar 

  • Woollacott MH, Shumway-Cook A (1990) Changes in posture control across the life span–a systems approach. Phys Ther 70: 799–807

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gait

  • Inman VT, Ralston HJ, Todd F (1981) Human walking. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  • Kettelkamp DB, Johnson RJ, Schmidt GL, et al. (1970) An electrogoniometric study of knee motion in normal gait. J Bone Joint Surg [A] 52: 775–790

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mann RA, Hagy JL, White V, Liddell D (1979) The initiation of gait. J Bone Joint Surg [A] 61: 232–239

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McFadyen BJ, Winter DA (1988) An integrated biomechanical analysis of normal stair ascent and descent. J Biomechan 21: 733–744

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray MP, Kory RC, Sepic SB (1970) Walking patterns of normal women. Arch Phys Med Rehabi15 L: 637–650

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray MP, Drought AB, Kory RC (1964) Walking patterns of normal men. J Bone Joint Surg [A] 46: 335–360

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nashner LM (1976) Adapting reflexes controlling the human posture. Exp Brain Res 26: 59–72

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perry J (1992) Gait analysis, normal and pathological function. Slack, Thorofare NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutherland DH (1966) An electromyographic study of the plantar flexors of the ankle in normal walking on the level. J Bone Joint Surg [A] 48: 66–71

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sutherland DH, Cooper L, Daniel D (1980) The role of the ankle plantar flexors in normal walking. J Bone Joint Surg [Al 62: 354–363

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sutherland DH, Olshen R, Cooper L, Woo SLY (1980) The development of mature gait. J Bone Joint Surg 62: 336–353

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Adler, S.S., Beckers, D., Buck, M. (1993). Gait Training. In: PNF in Practice. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02876-6_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02876-6_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-52649-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-02876-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics