Abstract
In almost all aquatic animals, the primary end product of nitrogen metabolism is ammonia, which must be excreted to the external medium. Due to its rather complex chemistry, the exact mechanism(s) by which ammonia is transferred from internal to external media in various organisms and under various conditions is still not a matter of complete agreement. The purpose of this review is to describe the chemistry of ammonia in water, briefly, and to review some of the major pieces of evidence for transfer in one form or another.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Arruda JAL, Dytko G, Withers L (1984) Ammonia transport by the turtle urinary bladder. Am J Physiol 246:F635–F647
Cameron JN (1976) Branchial ion uptake in Arctic grayling:resting values and effects of acid-base disturbance. J Exp Biol 64:711–725
Cameron JN, Heisler N (1983) Studies of ammonia in the rainbow trout:physico-chemical parameters, acid-base behaviour and respiratory clearance. J Exp Biol 105:107–125
Cameron JN, Kormanik GA (1982) The acid-base responses of gills and kidneys to infused acidand base loads in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. J Exp Biol 99:143–160
Claiborne JB, Evans DH, Goldstein L (1982) Fish branchial Na+//NH +4 exchange is via basolateral Na+-K+-activated ATPase. J Exp Biol 96:431–434
Diamond JA (1975) How do biological systems discriminate among physically similar ions? J Exp Zool 194:227–240
Evans DH (1977) Further evidence for Na/NH4 exchange in marine teleost fish. J Exp Biol 70:213–220
Evans DH (1985) Modes of ammonia transport across fish gills (this volume)
Goldstein L, Claiborne JB, Evans DH (1982) Ammonia excretion by the gills of two marine teleost fish:the importance of NH4 permeance. J Exp Zool 219:395–397
Heisler N (1982) Transepithelial ion transfer processes as mechanisms for fish acid-base regulation in hypercapnia and lactacidosis. Can J Zool 60:1108–1122
Jacobs MH (1940) Some aspects of cell permeability to weak electrolytes. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 8:30–39
Kirschner LB, Greenwald L, Kerstetter TH (1973) Effect of amiloride on sodium transfer across body surfaces of fresh water animals. Am J Physiol 224:832–837
Kormanik GA, Cameron JN (1981a) Ammonia excretion in the seawater blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) occurs by diffusion, and not Na+/NH +4 exchange. J Comp Physiol B 141:457–462
Kormanik GA, Cameron JN (1981b) Ammonia excretion in animals that breathe water:a review. Mar Biol Lett 2:11–23
Krogh A (1938) The active absorption of ions in some freshwater animals. Z Vgl Physiol 25:335–350
Maetz J (1973) Na+/NH +4 , Na+/H+ exchanges and NH3 movement across the gills of Carassius auratus. J Exp Biol 58:255–275
Maetz J, Garcia-Romeu F (1964) The mechanisms of sodium and chloride uptake by the gills of a fresh water fish, Carassius auratus. II. Evidence for NH +4 /Na+ and HCO -3 /Cl- exchanges. J Gen Physiol 47:1209–1227
Mallery CH (1979) Ammonium stimulated properties of K-dependent ATPase in Opsanus beta, a teleost with an NH/Na exchange pump. Am Zool 19:944 (Abstract)
Payan P (1978) A study of the Na+/NH4 exchange across the gill of the perfused head of the trout (Salmo gairdneri). J Comp Physiol 124:181–188
Pitts RF (1973) Production and excretion of ammonia in relation to acid-base regulation. In:Orloff J, Berliner RW (eds) Renal Physiology. Am Physiol Soc, Washington, pp 445–496 (Handbook of Physiology, 1, Section 8 )
Pressley TA, Graves JS, Krall AR (1981) Amiloride sensitive ammonium and sodium ion transport in the Blue Crab. Am J Physiol 241. R370–R378
Roos A, Boron W (1981) Intracellular pH. Physiol Rev 61:296–435
Schwartz JH, Tripolone M (1983) Characteristics of NH4 and NH3 transport across the isolated turtle urinary bladder. Am J Physiol 245:F210–F216
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Cameron, J.N., Heisler, N. (1985). Ammonia Transfer Across Fish Gills:A Review. In: Gilles, R. (eds) Circulation, Respiration, and Metabolism. Proceedings in Life Sciences. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70610-3_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70610-3_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-70612-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-70610-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive