Skip to main content

Fear of Progression

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Psycho-Oncology

Part of the book series: Recent Results in Cancer Research ((RECENTCANCER,volume 197))

Abstract

Fear of progression (or fear of recurrence) is an appropriate, rational response to the real threat of cancer and cancer treatments. However, elevated levels of fear of progression can become dysfunctional, affecting well-being, quality of life, and social functioning. Research has shown that fear of progression is one of the most frequent distress symptoms of patients with cancer and with other chronic diseases. As a clear consensus concerning clinically relevant states of fear of progression is currently lacking, it is difficult to provide a valid estimate of the rate of cancer patients who clearly suffer from fear of progression. However, recent systematic reviews suggest that probably 50 % of cancer patients experience moderate to severe fear of progression. Furthermore, many patients express unmet needs in dealing with the fear of cancer spreading. These results underline the necessity to provide effective psychological treatments for clinical levels of fear of progression. A few psychosocial interventions for treating fear of progression have been developed so far. Our own, targeted intervention study showed that dysfunctional fear of progression can be effectively treated with a brief group therapy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ames J, Crowe M, Colbourne L et al (2009) Patients’ supportive care needs beyond the end of cancer treatment: a prospective, longitudinal study. J Clin Oncol 27:6172–6179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beck AT, Steer RA (1993) Beck anxiety inventory manual. Psychological Corporation, San Antonio

    Google Scholar 

  • Berg P, Book K, Dinkel A et al (2011) Progredienzangst bei chronischen Erkrankungen [Fear of progression in chronic diseases]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 61:32–37

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Butow PN, Bell ML, Smith AB et al (2013) Conquer fear: protocol of a randomised controlled trial of a psychological intervention to reduce fear of cancer recurrence. BMC Cancer 13:201

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crist JV, Grunfeld EA (2013) Factors reported to influence fear of recurrence in cancer patients: a systematic review. Psychooncology 22:978–986

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dankert A, Duran G, Engst-Hastreiter U et al (2003) Progredienzangst bei Patienten mit Tumorerkrankungen, Diabetes mellitus und entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen [Fear of progression in patients with cancer, diabetes mellitus and chronic arthritis]. Rehabilitation 42:155–163

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dinkel A, Herschbach P, Berg P et al (2012) Determinants of long-term response to group therapy for dysfunctional fear of progression in chronic diseases. Behav Med 38:1–5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghazali N, Cadwallader E, Lowe D et al (2013) Fear of recurrence among head and neck cancer survivors: longitudinal trends. Psychooncology 22:807–813

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gurevich M, Devins GM, Rodin GM (2002) Stress response syndromes and cancer: conceptual and assessment issues. Psychosomatics 43:259–281

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison JD, Young JM, Price MA et al (2009) What are the unmet supportive care needs of people with cancer? A systematic review. Support Care Cancer 17:1117–1128

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heins MJ, Korevaar JC, Rijken et al (2013) For which health problems do cancer survivors visit their general practitioner? Eur J Cancer 49: 211–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinrichs N, Zimmermann T, Huber B et al (2012) Cancer distress reduction with a couple-based skills training: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Behav Med 43:239–252

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herschbach P, Berg P, Dankert A et al (2005) Fear of progression in chronic diseases. Psychometric properties of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire (FoP-Q). J Psychosom Res 58:505–511

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herschbach P, Berg P, Waadt S et al (2010a) Group psychotherapy of dysfunctional fear of progression in patients with chronic arthritis or cancer. Psychother Psychosom 79:31–38

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herschbach P, Book K, Dinkel A et al (2010b) Evaluation of two group therapies to reduce fear of progression in cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 18:471–479

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herschbach P, Keller M, Knight L et al (2004) Psychological problems of cancer patients: a cancer distress screening with a cancer-specific questionnaire. Br J Cancer 91:504–511

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hodges LJ, Humphris GM (2009) Fear of recurrence and psychological distress in head and neck cancer patients and their carers. Psychooncology 18:841–848

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoyer J, Beesdo K, Gloster AT et al (2009) Worry exposure versus applied relaxation in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychother Psychosom 78:106–115

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Humphris G, Ozakinci G (2008) The AFTER intervention: a structured psychological approach to reduce fear of recurrence in patients with head and neck cancer. Br J Health Psychol 13:223–230

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kanatas A, Ghazali N, Lowe D et al (2013) Issues patients would like to discuss at their review consultation: variation by early and late stage oral, oropharyngeal and laryngeal subsites. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 270:1067–1074

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim Y, Carver CS, Spillers RL et al (2012) Dyadic effects of fear of recurrence on the quality of life of cancer survivors and their caregivers. Qual Life Res 21:517–525

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koch L, Jansen L, Brenner H et al (2013) Fear of recurrence and disease progression in long-term (≥ 5 years) cancer survivors—a systematic review of quantitative studies. Psychooncology 22:1–11

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kwakkenbos L, van den Hoogen FHJ, Custers J et al (2012) Validity of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form in patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Care Res 64:930–934

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lebel S, Tomei C, Feldstain A et al (2013) Does fear of recurrence predict cancer survivors health care use? Support Care Cancer 21:901–906

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee-Jones C, Humphris G, Dixon R et al (1997) Fear of cancer recurrence—a literature review and proposed cognitive formulation to explain exacerbation of recurrence fears. Psychooncology 6:95–105

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lengacher CA, Johnson-Mallard V, Post-White J et al (2009) Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for survivors of breast cancer. Psychooncology 18:1261–1272

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mehnert A, Berg P, Henrich G et al (2009) Fear of cancer progression and cancer-related intrusive cognitions in breast cancer survivors. Psychooncology 18:1273–1280

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mehnert A, Herschbach P, Berg P et al (2006) Progredienzangst bei Brustkrebspatientinnen—Validierung der Kurzform des Progredienzangstfragebogens PA-F-KF [Fear of progression in breast cancer patients—validation of the short form of the fear of progression questionnaire (FoP-Q-SF)]. Z Psychosom Med Psychother 52:274–288

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehnert A, Koch U, Sundermann C et al (2013) Predictors of fear of recurrence in patients one year after cancer rehabilitation: a prospective study. Acta Oncol. 52:1102–1109

    Google Scholar 

  • Mellon S, Kershaw TS, Northouse LL et al (2007) A family-based model to predict fear of recurrence for cancer survivors and their caregivers. Psychooncology 16:214–223

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell AJ, Chan M, Bhatti H et al (2011) Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorder in oncological, haematological, and palliative-care settings: a meta-analysis of 94 interview-based studies. Lancet Oncol 12:160–174

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moorey S (1996) When bad things happen to rational people: cognitive therapy in adverse life circumstances. In: Salkovskis PM (ed) Frontiers of Cognitive Therapy. Guilford, New York, pp 450–469

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers SB, Manne SL, Kissane DW et al (2013) Social-cognitive processes associated with fear of recurrence among women newly diagnosed with gynecological cancers. Gynecol Oncol 128:120–127

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • NCCN Guideline Distress Management, Version 2.2103. http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/distress.pdf. Accessed 01 June 2013

  • Northouse LL (1981) Mastectomy patients and the fear of cancer recurrence. Cancer Nurs 4:213–220

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers SN, El-Sheikha J, Lowe D (2009) The development of a Patients Concerns Inventory (PCI) to help reveal patients concerns in the head and neck clinic. Oral Oncol 45:555–561

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sabariego C, Brach M, Herschbach P et al (2011) Cost-effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy of dysfunctional fear of progression in cancer patients. Eur J Health Econ 12:489–497

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salander P (2010) Motives that cancer patients in oncological care have for consulting a psychologist—an empirical study. Psychooncology 19:248–254

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Savard J, Ivers H (2013) The evolution of fear of cancer recurrence during the cancer care trajectory and its relationship with cancer characteristics. J Psychosom Res 74:354–360

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shim EJ, Shin YW, Oh DY et al (2010) Increased fear of progression in cancer patients with recurrence. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 32:169–175

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simard S, Thewes B, Humphris G et al (2013) Fear of cancer recurrence in adult cancer survivors: a systematic review of quantitative studies. J Cancer Suriv 7:300–322

    Google Scholar 

  • Singer S, Das-Munshi J, Brähler E (2010) Prevalence of mental health conditions in cancer patients in acute care—a meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 21:925–930

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skaali T, Fosså SD, Bremnes R et al (2009) Fear of recurrence in long-term testicular cancer survivors. Psychooncology 18:580–588

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene R et al (1983) Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto

    Google Scholar 

  • Thewes B, Butow P, Bell ML et al (2012a) Fear of cancer recurrence in young women with a history of early-stage breast cancer: a cross-sectional study of prevalence and association with health behaviors. Support Care Cancer 20:2651–2659

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thewes B, Butow P, Zachariae R et al (2012b) Fear of cancer recurrence: a systematic literature review of self-report measures. Psychooncology 21:571–587

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vehling S, Koch U, Ladehoff N et al (2012) Prävalenz affektiver und Angststörungen bei Krebs: Systematischer Literaturreview und Metaanalyse [Prevalence of affective and anxiety disorders in cancer: systematic literature review and meta-analysis]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 62:249–258

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vickberg SMJ (2003) The concerns about recurrence scale (CARS): a systematic measure of women’s fears about the possibility of breast cance recurrence. Ann Behav Med 25:16–24

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waadt S, Duran G, Berg P et al (2011) Progredienzangst. Manual zur Behandlung von Zukunftsängsten bei chronisch Kranken [Fear of progression. Treatment manual]. Schattauer, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann T, Alsleben M, Heinrichs N (2012) Progredienzangst gesunder Lebenspartner von chronisch erkrankten Patienten [Fear of progression in partners of chronically ill patients]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 62:344–351

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann T, Herschbach P, Wessarges M et al (2011) Fear of progression in partners of chronically ill patients. Behav Med 37:95–104

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Peter Herschbach .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Herschbach, P., Dinkel, A. (2014). Fear of Progression. In: Goerling, U. (eds) Psycho-Oncology. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 197. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40187-9_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40187-9_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-40186-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-40187-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics