Zusammenfassung
Die posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTB) ist eine gravierende psychische Störung, die bei Kin-dern und Jugendlichen nach besonders belastenden Erlebnissen wie z. B. Naturkatastrophen, Unfällen sowie dem Erleben sexueller oder nichtsexueller Gewalt auftreten kann (Heemann et al., 1998; Pfefferbaum, 1997; Pynoos et al., 1996; Schepker, 1997; Steil & Straube, 2002). Der Betroffene erlebt dabei mit großer Furcht und Entsetzen direkt oder indirekt eine Situation, die eine Bedro-hung der körperlichen Unversehrtheit seiner selbst oder eines anderen Menschen beinhaltet. Auch die verbale Vermittlung eines solchen Ereignisses scheint bei Jugendlichen und Kindem eine PTB auslösen zu können (z. B. die Nachricht bzw. Fotografien vorn gewaltsamen Tod eines Familienmitglieds; Giaconia et al., 1995; Nader et al., 1993; Saigh, 1991). Vermutet wird, dass Kinder ab 3–4 Iahren von PTB betroffen sein können (Drell et al., 1993; Scheeringa et al., 1995).
Man dachte lange Zeit,dass Kinder von traumatischen Lebensereignissen nicht so stark betroffen sind wie Erwachsene. Inzwischen weiß man aber, dass dem nicht so ist.lm Gegenteil—es zeigte sich, dass die Foigen von Traumen um so stärker sind, je jünger der Mensch ist. Posttraumatische Symptomatik äußert sich bei Kin-dern in anderer Weise als bei Erwachsenen.Bei der Diagnostik und bei der Intervention müssen die entwicklungsmäßigen Besonder-heiten des Kindes- und Jugendalters bedacht werden. Als beein-druckend wirksam hat sich bei Kindem ein kognitiv-behaviorales Behandlungskonzept erwiesen.Auch die in der Regel sehr schweren Folgen von sexuellem Missbrauch können mit diesen Interventionen dauerhaft gelindert bzw. geheilt warden.
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Steil, R. (2004). Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung. In: Angststörungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18499-4_11
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