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Zusammenfassung

Die ersten Hinweise auf die Existenz von Panikstörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter können pädiatrischen Fallbeschreibungen zum Hyper-ventilationssyndrom in der Kindheit und Jugend entnommen werden (z. B. Gillespie, 1954). In einer Zusammenstellung von 44 pädiatrischen Patienten mit Hyperventilationssyndrom von (1967) wurde das „anfallsweise“ Auftreten von Symptomen wie Atemnot, Würgegefühl, Schwindel, Zittern, Herzklopfen, Schwächegefühl usw. als übergreifendes Merkmal dieser Fälle beschrieben. Die Symptome hielten dabei über wenige Minuten bis zu mehreren Stunden an. Diese Beschreibung stimmt erstaunlich gut mit der mo dernen Definition von Panikanfällen in der 4. Auflage des diagnostischen und statistischen Manuals der American Psychiatrie Association (DSM-IV; American Psychiatrie Association, 1994) überein. Das Alter bei Beginn des Hyperventilationssyndroms lag zwischen 5 und 16 Jahren, wobei bis zum Alter von 12 Jah ren Hyp erventilationsanfälle selten auftraten, es danach aber zu einem sprunghaften Anstieg kam.

Do children panic? Nelles — Barlow (1988) warfen in ihrem viel beachteten Artikel die Frage auf, ob Kinder überhaupt in der Lage sind, spontane Panikanfällezu erleben. Basierend auf der Theorie Piagets nahmen sie an, dass jüngere Kinder aufgrund ihrer kognitiven Entwicklung noch nicht fähig sind, die Auslösung von Panikanfällen bedrohlichen internalen Ereignissen zuzuschreiben. Stattdessen würden in dieser Altersgruppe Panikanfälleimmer externalen Auslösern zugeordnet. Dieswürde aber bedeuten, dass das für die Diagnose einer Panikstörung entscheidende Kriterium der Spontaneität eines Panikanfalls von Kindern nicht erfüllt werden kann. Ist dies wirklich so oder gibt es eine Panikstörung im Kindesalter? Dasvorliegende Kapitel gibt einen Überblick über Symptomatik, Ätiologie und Behandlung der Panikstörung und Agoraphobie im Kindes- und Jugendalter.

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Schneider, S. (2004). Panikstörung und Agoraphobie. In: Angststörungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18499-4_10

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