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Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Urinary Tract

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Urinary Tract

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 2011))

Abstract

Muscarinic receptors comprise five cloned subtypes, encoded by five distinct genes, which correspond to pharmacologically defined receptors (M1–M5). They belong to the family of G-protein-coupled receptors and couple differentially to the G-proteins. Preferentially, the inhibitory muscarinic M2 and M4 receptors couple to Gi/o, whereas the excitatory muscarinic M1, M3, and M5 receptors preferentially couple to Gq/11. In general, muscarinic M1, M3, and M5 receptors increase intracellular calcium by mobilizing phosphoinositides that generate inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) and 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG), whereas M2 and M4 receptors are negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase. Muscarinic receptors are distributed to all parts of the lower urinary tract. The clinical use of antimuscarinic drugs in the treatment of detrusor overactivity and the overactive bladder syndrome has focused interest on the muscarinic receptors not only of the detrusor, but also of other components of the bladder wall, and these have been widely studied. However, the muscarinic receptors in the urethra, prostate, and ureter, and the effects they mediate in the normal state and in different urinary tract pathologies, have so far not been well characterized. In this review, the expression of and the functional effects mediated by muscarinic receptors in the bladder, urethra, prostate, and ureters, under normal conditions and in different pathologies, are discussed.

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  1. Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA

    K.-E. Andersson

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  1. Wake Forest University, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, 27157-1088, North Carolina, USA

    Karl-Erik Andersson

  2. Academic Medical Center, Dept. Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Netherlands

    Martin C. Michel

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Andersson, KE. (2011). Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Urinary Tract. In: Andersson, KE., Michel, M. (eds) Urinary Tract. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 2011. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16499-6_16

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