Skip to main content

Intersectionality and Well-Being Among Racial/Ethnic Minority and LGB Youth: Extended Family Members as Support Against Negative Parental Reactions to Coming Out

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Well-Being of Youth and Emerging Adults across Cultures

Abstract

Past research generally assumes that non-normative identities lead to pathology and victimization. Studies examining family influences on development of racial/ethnic and lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth have mostly used a nuclear family paradigm and deficit model. In cross-cultural psychology, however, taking a person-centered approach addresses both strengths and challenges of living with stigmatized identities and diverse family structures. Therefore, we analyze how extended family member presence and support moderates the association between parental reactions to coming out and youth’s internalizing and externalizing behaviors among 499 LGB-identified youth aged 15–19 in a major U.S. metropolitan city. We draw upon a cultural strengths perspective to consider how familism and extended kinship presence ameliorates adjustment problems for youth whose parents react negatively to coming out, and how these connections contribute to positive youth adjustment and well-being for ethnic/racial and sexual minority youth.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Achenbach, T. (1991). Manual for the Youth Self-Report and 1991 Profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baca Zinn, M. (1994). Adaptation and Continuity in Mexican-Origin Families. In R. L. Taylor (Ed.), Minority Families in the United States: A Multicultural Perspective (pp. 64–81). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benson, P. L. (2006). All kids are our kids: What communities must do to raise caring and responsible children and adolescents. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benson, P. L., Scales, P. C., Hamilton, S. F., & Sesma, A., Jr. (2006). Positive youth development: Theory, research and applications. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology (6th ed., pp. 894–941). New York, NY: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canino, I. A., & Spurlock, J. (2000). Culturally diverse children and adolescents: Assessment, diagnosis, and treatment (2nd ed.). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cauce, A. M., & Rodriguez, M. D. (2001). Latino families: Myths and realities. In J. M. Contreras, A. Kerns, & A. M. Neal-Bernett (Eds.), Latino children and families in the United States (pp. 3–26). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

    Google Scholar 

  • Choo, H. Y., & Ferree, M. M. (2010). Practicing intersectionality in sociological research: Acritical analysis of inclusions, interactions, and institutions in the study of inequalities. Sociological Theory, 28, 129–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, J. H. (2005). Remittance outcomes and migration: Theoretical contests, real opportunities. Studies in Comparative International Development, 40, 88–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Damon, W. (2004). What is positive youth development? Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591, 13–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Augelli, A. R., & Grossman, A. H. (2006). Researching lesbian, bisexual youth: Conceptual, practical, and ethical considerations. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Issues in Education, 3, 35–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dilworth-Anderson, P. (2001). Extended kin networks in black families. In A. Walker (Ed.), Families in later life: Connections and transitions (pp. 104–112). New York: Pine Forge Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, R. (2004). Aberrations in Black: Toward a Queer of Color Critique. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Few-Demo, A. L. (2014). Intersectionality as the “new” critical approach in feminist family studies: Evolving racial/ethnic feminisms and critical race theories. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 6, 169–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Follins, L. D., Walker, J. N. J., & Lewis, M. K. (2014). Resilience in Black lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals: a critical review of the literature. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 18, 190–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuligni, A. J., Tseng, V., & Lam, M. (1999). Attitudes toward family obligations among American adolescents with Asian, Latin American, and European backgrounds. Child Development, 70, 1030–1044.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzales, R. G., Suárez-Orozco, C., & Dedios-Sanguineti, M. C. (2013). No place to belong: Contextualizing concepts of mental health among undocumented immigrant youth in the United States. American Behavioral Scientist, 57, 1174–1199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grünenfelder, J., & Schurr, C. (2015). Intersectionality – A challenge for development research and practice? Development in Practice, 25, 771–784.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gundelach, P., & Riis, O. (1994). ¿El retorno al familismo?. In Tendicias Mundiales De CambioEn Los Valores Sociales Y Politicos. Funesco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hancock, A. M. (2007). When multiplication doesn’t equal quick addition: Examining intersectionality as a research paradigm. Perspectives on Politics, 5, 63–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hershberger, S. L., & D’Augelli, A. R. (2000). Issues in counseling lesbian, gay, and bisexual adolescents. In R. M. Perez, K. A. DeBord, & K. J. Bieschke (Eds.), Handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients (pp. 225–247). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, T. W., & Keren, M. S. (1998). The families of lesbian women and gay men. In M. McGoldrick (Ed.), Re-visioning family therapy: Race, culture, and gender in clinical practice (pp. 320–329). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, R. M. (1982). Children and adolescents as producers of their own development. Developmental Review, 2, 342–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, R. M. (2005, September). Promoting positive youth development: Theoretical and empirical bases. In White paper prepared for the workshop on the science of adolescent health and development, national research council/institute of medicine. Washington, DC: National Academies of Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mabaso, Z., Erogbogbo, T., & Toure, K. (2016). Young people’s contribution to the Global strategy for women’s, children’s and adolescents’ health (2016–2030). Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 94, 312.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mallon, G. P. (2005). Practice with families where sexual orientation is an issue: Lesbian and gay individuals and their families. In E. P. Congress & M. J. Gonzalez (Eds.), Multicultural perspectives in working with families (pp. 199–227). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marin, G., & Marin, B. V. (1991). Research with Hispanic populations. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, E. P., & Martin, J. M. (1980). The black extended family. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oman, R. F., Vesely, S., Aspy, C. B., McLeroy, K. R., Rodine, S., & Marshall, L. (2004). The potential protective effect of youth assets on adolescent alcohol and drug use. American Journal of Public Health, 94, 1425–1430.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Para, E. A. (2008). The role of social support in identity formation: A literature review. Graduate Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1, 97–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsai, M., Voisine, S., Marsiglia, F. F., Kulis, S., & Nieri, T. (2009). The protective and risk effects of parents and peers on the substance use attitudes and behaviors of Mexican Americans female and male adolescents. Youth & Society, 40, 353–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pedrotti, J. T., & Edwards, L. M. (2010). The intersection of positive psychology and multiculturalism in counseling. In J. G. Ponterotto, J. M. Casas, L. A. Suzuki, C. M. Alexander, J. G. Ponterotto, J. M. Casas, & C. M. Alexander (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural counseling (3rd ed., pp. 165–174). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popenoe, D. (1988). Disturbing the nest: Family change and decline in modern societies. Transaction Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribbens McCarthy, J., Edwards, R., & Gillies, V. (2003). Making Families: Moral Tales of Parenting and Step-Parenting. Durham, UK: Sociology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, C. R. (1979). The foundations of the person-centered approach. Education, 100, 98–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosario, M., Scrimshaw, E. W., & Hunter, J. (2004). Ethnic/racial differences in the coming-out process of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths: A comparison of sexual identity development over time. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 10, 215–228.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roth, J. L., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2003). What exactly is a youth development program? Answers from research and practice. Applied Developmental Science, 7, 94–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sabogal, F., Marín, G., Otero-Sabogal, R., Marín, B. V., & Perez-Stable, E. J. (1987). Hispanic familism and acculturation: What changes and what doesn’t? Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 9, 397–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scales, P. C., Benson, P. L., Leffert, N., & Blyth, D. A. (2000). Contribution of developmental assets to the prediction of thriving among adolescents. Applied Developmental Science, 4, 27–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, R. D. (2010). Risk and resilience in low-income African American families: Moderating effects of kinship social support. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16, 344–351.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Census Bureau (2014). 2014 National Population Projections: Summary Tables. Washington, D.C. government offices. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/population/projections/data/national/2014/summarytables.html

  • Yancey, A. K., Siegel, J. M., & McDaniel, K. L. (2002). Role models, ethnic identity, and health-risk behaviors in urban adolescents. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 156, 55–61.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jose-Michael Gonzalez .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gonzalez, JM., Sinclair, K.O., D’Augelli, A.R., Grossman, A.H. (2017). Intersectionality and Well-Being Among Racial/Ethnic Minority and LGB Youth: Extended Family Members as Support Against Negative Parental Reactions to Coming Out. In: Dimitrova, R. (eds) Well-Being of Youth and Emerging Adults across Cultures . Cross-Cultural Advancements in Positive Psychology, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68363-8_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics