Abstract
This chapter advances research in understudied minority groups in Eastern Europe by providing empirical evidence on a novel approach that examines collective identity assets for optimal well-being of youth. We apply collective identity perspective conceptualized in terms of strong relationships among ethnic, familial, and religious group memberships in comparing adolescents from two stigmatized ethnic minority groups and their mainstream Bulgarian peers. Turkish-Bulgarians and Muslim-Bulgarians historically experienced continuous assimilation attempts and severe discrimination, effectively limiting their religious and ethnic minority rights (Vassilev R, Glob Rev Ethnopolitics 3:40–51, 2004). This chapter furthers our understanding of multiple identity resources as core component of well-being of ethnic minority youth with Turkish-Bulgarian and Muslim-Bulgarian background. These results further extend findings on identity and well-being conducted in Western European and American settings to the unique and scarcely researched context of long-term acculturating ethnic minority groups in Eastern Europe.
References
Arbuckle, J. (2009). Amos 19. Crawfordville, FL: AMOS Development Corporation.
Arends-Tóth, J., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2008). Family relationships among immigrants and majority members in the Netherlands. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 57, 466–487.
Ashmore, R. D., Deaux, K., & McLaughlin-Volpe, T. (2004). An organizing framework for collective identity: Articulation and significance of multidimensionality. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 80–114.
Awad, G. H. (2010). The impact of acculturation and religious identification on perceived discrimination for Arab/Middle Eastern Americans. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16, 59–67.
Bartkowski, J. P., Xu, X., & Levin, M. L. (2008). Religion and child development: Evidence from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study. Social Science Research, 37, 18–36.
Branscombe, N. R., Schmitt, M. T., & Harvey, R. D. (1999). Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans: Implications for group identification and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 135–149.
Cleveland, M. J., Feinberg, M. E., & Greenberg, M. T. (2010). Protective families in high- and low-risk environments: Implications for adolescent substance use. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 114–126.
Dimitrov, V. (2000). In search of a homogeneous nation: The assimilation of Bulgaria’s Turkish minority, 1984–1985. European Center for Minority Issues (ECMI) Report. Flensburg, Germany.
Dimitrova, R., Aydinli, A., Bender, M., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2015). Heritage identity and maintenance enhance well-being of Turkish-Bulgarian and Turkish-German adolescents. Social Psychology, 46, 93–103.
Dimitrova, R., Chasiotis, A., Bender, M., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2012). Ethnic identity and acculturation of Turkish-Bulgarian adolescents. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37, 1–10.
Dimitrova, R., Chasiotis, A., Bender, M., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2013a). From a collection of identities to collective identity: Evidence from mainstream and minority adolescents in Bulgaria. Cross Cultural Research, 48, 339–367.
Dimitrova, R., Chasiotis, A., Bender, M., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2013b). Collective identity and well-being of Roma adolescents in Bulgaria. International Journal of Psychology, 48, 502–513.
Dimitrova, R., Chasiotis, A., Bender, M., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2013c). Collective identity of Bulgarian Roma adolescents and mothers. Journal for Youth and Adolescence, 43, 375–386.
Eminov, A. (2007). Social construction of identities: Pomaks in Bulgaria. Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, 2, 1–25.
Furrow, J. L., King, P. E., & White, K. (2004). Religion and positive youth development: Identity, meaning, and prosocial concerns. Applied Developmental Science, 8, 17–26.
Güngör, D., Fleischmann, F., & Phalet, K. (2011). Religious identification, beliefs, and practices among Turkish Belgian and Moroccan Belgian Muslims: Intergenerational continuity and acculturative change. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 42, 1356–1374.
Halman, L. C. J. M., & Petterson, T. (2001). Religion and social capital in contemporary Europe. Results from the 1999/2000 European Values Study. In D. O. Moberg & R. L. Piedemont (Eds.), Research in the social scientific study of religion (pp. 65–94). Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
Hughes, D., Rodriguez, J., Smith, E. P., Johnson, D. J., Stevenson, H. C., & Spicer, P. (2006). Parents’ ethnic-racial socialization practices: A review of research and directions for future studies. Developmental Psychology, 42, 747–770.
Kiang, L., Yip, T., & Fuligni, A. J. (2008). Multiple social identities and adjustment in young adults from ethnically diverse backgrounds. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 18, 643–670.
Konstantinov, Y., Alhaug, G., & Igla, B. (1991). Names of the Bulgarian Pomaks (pp. 103–105). Nordlyd: Tromso University working papers on language and linguistics.
LaFromboise, T., Coleman, H., & Gerton, J. (1993). Psychological impact of biculturalism: Evidence and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 395–412.
Lopez, A. B., Huynh, V. W., & Fuligni, A. J. (2011). A longitudinal study of religious identity and participation during adolescence. Child Development, 82, 1297–1309.
Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., & Grayson, D. (2005). Goodness of fit evaluation in structural equation modeling. In A. Maydeu-Olivares & J. McCardle (Eds.), Contemporary psychometrics: A Festschrift to Roderick P. McDonald (pp. 275–340). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
National Statistics Institute (NSI). (2011). Census 2011. Sofia, Bulgaria: NSI Press.
Phalet, K., & Schönpflug, U. (2001). Intergenerational transmission of collectivism and achievement values in two acculturation contexts: The case of Turkish families in Germany and Turkish and Moroccan families in the Netherlands. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32, 186–200.
Phinney, J. S. (1990). Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: Review of research. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 499–514.
Phinney, J. S., Horenczyk, G., Liebkind, K., & Vedder, P. (2001). Ethnic identity, immigration, and well-being: An interactional perspective. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 493–510.
Phinney, J. S., & Ong, A. D. (2007). Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: Current status and future directions. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 54, 271–281.
Rudin, C., & Eminov, A. (1993). Bulgarian nationalism and Turkish language in Bulgaria. In E. Fraenkl & C. Kramer (Eds.), Language contact -language conflict (pp. 43–71). New York, NY: Peter Lang.
Saroglou, V., & Galand, P. (2004). Identities, values, and religion: A study among Muslim, other immigrant, and native Belgian young adults after the 9/11 attacks. Identity, 4, 97–132.
Sirin, S. R., & Fine, M. (2007). Hyphenated selves: Muslim American youth negotiating identities on the fault lines of global conflict. Applied Developmental Science, 11, 151–163.
Smith, T. B., & Silva, L. (2011). Ethnic identity and personal well-being of people of color: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58, 42–60.
Udel, W., Donenberg, G., & Emerson, E. (2011). The impact of mental health problems and religiosity on African-American girls’ HIV-risk. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 17, 217–224.
van de Vijver, F. J. R., & Leung, K. (1997). Methods and data analysis for cross-cultural research. Sage: Thousand Oaks, CA.
Vassilev, R. (2004). The Roma of Bulgaria: A pariah minority. The Global Review of Ethnopolitics, 3, 40–51.
Vazsonyi, A. T., & Pickering, L. E. (2003). The importance of family and school domains in adolescent deviance: African American and Caucasian youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32, 115–128.
Verkuyten, M. (2005). The social psychology of ethnic identity. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
Verkuyten, M., & Nekuee, S. (1999). Subjective well-being, discrimination and cultural conflict. Iranians living in the Netherlands. Social Indicators Research, 47, 281–306.
Verkuyten, M., Thijs, J., & Stevens, G. (2012). Multiple identities and religious transmission: A study among Moroccan-Dutch Muslim adolescents and their parents. Child Development, 83, 1577–1590.
Verkuyten, M., & Yildiz, A. A. (2009). Muslim immigrants and religious group feelings: Self-identification and attitudes among Sunni and Alevi Turkish-Dutch. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 32, 1121–1142.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070.
Yagmur, K., & Van de Vijver, F. (2012). Acculturation and language orientations of Turkish immigrants in Australia, France, Germany, and the Netherlands. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43, 1110–1130.
Yap, S. C. Y., Settles, I. H., & Pratt-Hyatt, J. S. (2011). Mediators of the relationship between racial identity and life satisfaction in a community sample of African American women and men. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 17, 89–97.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dimitrova, R., Chasiotis, A., Bender, M., van de Vijver, F.J.R. (2017). Collective Identity Resources for Positive Well-Being Among Turkish-Bulgarian and Muslim-Bulgarian Minority Adolescents in Bulgaria. In: Dimitrova, R. (eds) Well-Being of Youth and Emerging Adults across Cultures . Cross-Cultural Advancements in Positive Psychology, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68363-8_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68363-8_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68362-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68363-8
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)