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Institutional Care in Ukraine: Historical Underpinnings and Developmental Consequences

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Child Maltreatment in Residential Care

Abstract

Although for the last two decades Ukraine has been trying to reform institutional care as a child-rearing practice breaching the rights of the child, this type of care is still prevailing and currently houses 104,000 child residents. In order to understand the slow implementation of reforms of institutional care and the failure to break the vicious circle of approaches and attitudes feeding the phenomenon of the institutional placement of children, as well as the high number of children deprived of parental care, it is important to understand the broader context of historical, cultural, and social circumstances that have affected the entire Ukrainian population. In this chapter, the historical background of the present situation, as to underlying beliefs and circumstances with regard to institutional care, is discussed. It is hypothesized that in Ukraine historical trauma along with imposed ideological convictions of the past, promoting institutional care and undermining family systems and values, has caused and continue to sustain the widespread phenomenon of social orphanhood and child institutionalization. The present structure and functioning of institutional care in Ukraine and its impact on the development of children is discussed. A special focus of this chapter is on children with HIV infection, as Ukraine has the second biggest HIV epidemic among the Eastern European and Central Asian countries, which also affects children and increases the risk of their institutionalization. Recommendations as to future intervention efforts are provided.

Group care for children and adolescents is widely used as a rearing environment and sometimes used as a setting in which intensive services can be provided. This consensus statement on group care affirms that children and adolescents have the need and right to grow up in a family with at least one committed, stable, and loving adult caregiver. In principle, group care should never be favored over family care. Group care should be used only when it is the least detrimental alternative, when necessary therapeutic mental health services cannot be delivered in a less restrictive setting.

Dozier et al. (2014, p. 219)

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Occupied territories of Donetsk and Crimea were not included in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Intercultural Psychiatry for Child, Youth and Family, ipsy de Jutters, The Hague, The Netherlands

    Nataliya A. Dobrova-Krol

  2. Centre for Child and Family Studies, Institute of Education and Child Studies, Graduate School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333, AK, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Nataliya A. Dobrova-Krol & Marinus H. van IJzendoorn

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Correspondence to Nataliya A. Dobrova-Krol .

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  1. Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Southwestern Christian University, Bethany, Oklahoma, USA

    Adrian V. Rus

  2. Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA

    Sheri R. Parris

  3. Social Pediatrics and Obstetrics Research Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health “Alessandrescu-Rusescu”, Bucuresti, Romania

    Ecaterina Stativa

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Dobrova-Krol, N.A., van IJzendoorn, M.H. (2017). Institutional Care in Ukraine: Historical Underpinnings and Developmental Consequences. In: Rus, A., Parris, S., Stativa, E. (eds) Child Maltreatment in Residential Care. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57990-0_11

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