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Immunobiology of B Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Abstract

B cells are an important component of mucosal immune responses in normal and diseased states. Whether B cells play a regulatory or pathogenic role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been determined. The pathogenic role of antibodies has been suggested by the frequent presence of circulating antibodies to self- and microbial antigens in IBD. Antibodies could also regulate inflammation through Fc receptors of IgG. Although most studies performed in the experimental models of IBD suggest that B cells suppress mucosal inflammation either by secreting cytokines or by interacting with T cells, a pathogenic role of B cells has been raised in a model of ileitis. An inducible B-cell subset, termed Breg, develops in gut-associated lymphoid tissues under intestinal inflammatory conditions and causes attenuation of colitis through production of a regulatory cytokine IL-10 and by regulating T-cell expansion. An IL-12p70 producing B-cell subset capable of inhibiting colitis has also been identified. Future human studies including functional characterization of mucosal lymphocytes in normal and diseased states are needed to determine whether B cells regulate human intestinal inflammation as shown in the experimental models.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan

    Atsushi Mizoguchi M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Warren 501A, Boston, MA, 02114-2698, USA

    Atul K. Bhan M.B.B.S., M.D.

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  1. Atsushi Mizoguchi M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Atul K. Bhan M.B.B.S., M.D.
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Correspondence to Atul K. Bhan M.B.B.S., M.D. .

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  1. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charité Medical School—Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Daniel C. Baumgart

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Mizoguchi, A., Bhan, A.K. (2017). Immunobiology of B Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. In: Baumgart, D. (eds) Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33703-6_9

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