Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Mood Disorders

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Juvenile Delinquency and Disability

Part of the book series: Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development ((ARAD))

  • 1802 Accesses

Abstract

Although it is estimated that approximately 20 % of adolescents meet criteria for a mental health disorder, among juvenile delinquents, prevalence rates of mental health disorders include estimates of as high as 75 % of the population. While disruptive behavior disorders (i.e., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder) are the most common mental health disorders among the juvenile offender population, research has also found a very high prevalence of internalizing disorders within this group of youth. Internalizing disorders include those mental health disorders that are characterized by symptoms internal to the individual (e.g., negative thoughts and beliefs). There are several internalizing disorders included in the DSM-5, such as mood disorders (e.g., major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder), anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This chapter discusses common mood disorders found in the juvenile delinquency population, including depressive disorders, mood dysregulation disorder, and bipolar disorder. Diagnostic criteria and symptoms are explained for each disorder, as well as etiology and evidence-based treatments available. In addition, research related to the impairments and impacts the particular mental health disability may have on an individual’s cognitive, academic, social-emotional, and behavioral functioning is presented. Finally, a critical discussion is included regarding the manner in which the symptoms, behaviors, and impairments associated with each disorder may impact a youth’s involvement in the juvenile justice system, as well as his or her presentation of risk and competency to stand trial.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Althoff, R. R., Verhulst, F. C., Rettew, D. C., Hudziak, J. J., & Van der Ende, J. (2010). Adult outcomes of childhood dysregulation: A 14-year follow up study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(11), 1105–1124. doi:10.1097/00004583-201011000-00004.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Althoff, R. R., Faraone, S. V., Rettew, D. C., Morley, C. P., & Hudziak, J. J. (2005). Family, twin, adoption, and molecular genetic studies of juvenile bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 7, 598–609. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2005.00268.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • American Academy for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (2013). Facts for families: The depressed child. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Academy for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (2014). Bipolar disorder: Parents’ medication guide for bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, P. W., Aggen, S. H., Miller, G. F., Radi, C., Dencoff, J. E., & Neale, M. C. (2007). The functional design of depression’s influence on attention: A preliminary test of alternative control-process mechanisms. Evolutionary Psychology, 5(3), 584–604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnold, L. E., Demeter, C., Mount, K., Frazier, T. W., Youngstrom, E. A., Fristad, M., et al. (2011). Pediatric bipolar spectrum disorder and ADHD: Comparison and comorbidity in the LAMS clinical sample. Bipolar Disorders, 13, 509–521. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2011.00948.x.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Assion, H.-J., Brune, N., Schmidt, N., Aubel, T., Edel, M.-A., Basilowski, M., et al. (2009). Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder in bipolar disorder. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 44, 1041–1049. doi:10.1007/s00127-009-0029-1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barkley, R. (2013). Defiant children: A clinician’s manual for assessment and parent training (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biederman, J., Faraone, S. V., Chu, M. P., & Wozniak, J. (1999). Further evidence of a bidirectional overlap between juvenile mania and conduct disorder in children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 468–476.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Biederman, J., Kwon, A., Wozniak, J., Mick, E., Markowitz, S., Fazio, V., et al. (2004). Absence of gender differences in pediatric bipolar disorder: Findings from a large sample of referred youth. Journal of Affective Disorders, 83, 207–214. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2004.08.005.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Birmaher, B., Arbelaez, C., & Brent, D. (2002). Course and outcome of child and adolescent major depressive disorder. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 11, 619–638. doi:10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00011-1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brent, D., Emslie, G., Clarke, G., et al. (2008). Switching to another SSRI or to venlafaxine with or without cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescents with SSRI-resistant depression: The TORDIA randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 299, 901–913.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cash, R. E. (2008). Depression in adolescence: What can schools do. Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cabiya-Morales, J. J., Padilla, L., Sayers-Montalvo, S., Pedrosa, O., Perez-Pedrogo, C., & Manzano-Mojica, J. (2007). Relationship between aggressive behavior, depressed mood, and other disruptive behavior in Puerto Rican children diagnosed with attention deficit and disruptive behavior disorders. Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal, 26(1), 43–49.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Colins, O., Vermeiren, R., Vahl, P., Markus, M., Broekaert, E., & Doreleijers, T. (2011). Psychiatric disorder in detained male adolescents as risk factor for serious recidivism. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 56(1), 44–50. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.01.001.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Compton, S. N., March, J. S., Brent, D. A., Albano, A. M., Weersing, V. R., & Curry, J. F. (2004). Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for anxiety and depressive disorders in children and adolescents: An evidence-based medicine review. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(8), 930–959. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000127589.57468.bf.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Copeland, W. E., Angold, A., Costello, E. J., & Egger, H. (2012). Prevalence, comorbidity, and correlates of DSM-5 proposed disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(2), 173–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Copeland, W. E., Shanahan, L., Egger, H., Angold, A., & Costello, E. J. (2014). Adult diagnostic and functional outcomes of DSM-5 disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 171(6), 668–674. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13091213.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Culver, J. L., Arnow, B. A., & Ketter, T. A. (2007). Bipolar disorder: Improving diagnosis and optimizing integrated care. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 73–92. doi:10.1002/jclp.20333.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Curry, J. F. (2001). Specific psychotherapies for childhood and adolescent depression. Biological Psychiatry, 49(12), 1091–1100. doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01130-1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • David-Ferdon, C., & Kaslow, N. J. (2008). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent depression. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 37, 62–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deveney, C. M., Brotman, M. A., Decker, A. M., Pine, D. S., & Leibenluft, E. (2012). Affective prosody labeling in youth with bipolar disorder or severe mood dysregulation. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53, 262–270. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02482.x.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Diler, R. S., Uguz, S., Seydaoglu, G., Erol, N., & Avci, A. (2007). Differentiating bipolar disorder in Turkish prepubertal children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 9, 243–251. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2007.00347.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Defoe, I. N., Farrington, D. P., & Loeber, R. (2013). Disentangling the relationship between delinquency and hyperactivity, low achievement, depression, and low socioeconomic status: Analysis of repeated longitudinal data. Journal of Criminal Justice, 41(2), 100–107. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2012.12.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delate, T., Gelenberg, A. J., Simmons, V. A., & Motheral, B. R. (2004). Trends in the use of antidepressants in a national sample of commercially insured pediatric patients, 1998–2002. Psychiatric Services, 55, 387–391.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duvall, J., & Morris, R. J. (2006). Assessing mental retardation in death penalty cases: Critical issues for psychology and psychological practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 37, 658–665.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ebesutani, C., Kim, E., & Young, J. (2014). The role of violence exposure and negative affect in understanding child and adolescent aggression. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 45(6), 736–745. doi:10.1007/s10578-014-0442-x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberg, D., Golberstein, E., & Hunt, J. (2009). Mental health and academic success in college. B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 9(1), 1–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fazel, S., Doll, H., & Langstrom, N. (2008). Mental disorders among adolescents in juvenile detention and correctional facilities: A systematic review and metaregression analysis of 25 surveys. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(9), 1010–1019. doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31817eecf3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Federal Drug Administration. (2015). FDA approved drug products. Retrieved from http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm.

  • Fite, P. J., Rubens, S. L., Preddy, T. M., Raine, A., & Pardini, D. A. (2014). Reactive/proactive aggression and the development of internalizing problems in males: The moderating effect of parent and peer relationships. Aggressive Behavior, 40(1), 69–78. doi:10.1002/ab.21498.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, A. J., Youngstrom, E. A., Michalak, E., Siegel, R., Meyers, O. I., & Findling, R. L. (2009). Quality of life in pediatric bipolar disorder. Pediatrics, 123, 446–452. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-0841.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fristad, M. A., & MacPherson, H. A. (2014). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent bipolar spectrum disorders. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 43(3), 339–355. doi:10.1080/15374416.2013.822309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gearing, R. E., & Mian, E. A. (2005). An approach to maximizing treatment adherence of children and adolescents with psychotic disorders and major mood disorders. Canadian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Review, 14(4), 106–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geller, B., Bolhofner, K., Craney, J. L., Williams, M., DelBello, M. P., & Gundersen, K. (2000). Psychosocial functioning in a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39(12), 1543–1548. doi:10.1097/00004583-200012000-00018.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, B. I., & Bukstein, O. G. (2010). Comorbid substance use disorders among youth with bipolar disorder: Opportunities for early identification and prevention. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 71, 348–358. doi:10.4088/JCP.09r05222gry.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, T. R., Birmaher, B., Axelson, D., Ryan, N. D., Strober, M. A., Gill, M. K. … Keller M. (2005). History of suicide attempts in pediatric bipolar disorder: Factors associated with increased risk. Bipolar Disorders, 7, 525–535. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2005.00263.x.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, N., Olubadewo, O., Redding, R., & Lexcen, F. (2005). Mental health disorders. In K. Heilbrun, N. E. S. Goldstein, & R. E. Redding (Eds.), Juvenile delinquency: Prevention, assessment, and intervention. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guyer, A. E., McClure, E. B., Adler, A. D., Brotman, M. A., Rich, B. A., Kimes, A. S., et al. (2007). Specificity of facial expression labeling deficits in childhood psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 863–871. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01758.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, S. R., Brock, S. E., & Jeltova, I. (2014). Identifying, assessing, and treating bipolar depression at school. New York: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Henin, A., Biederman, J., Mick, E., Hirshfeld-Becker, D., Sachs, G., Wu, Y., … Nierenberg, A. (2007). Childhood antecedent disorders to bipolar disorder in adults: A controlled study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 99, 51–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoeve, M., McReynolds, L. S., & Wasserman, G. A. (2013). The influence of adolescent psychiatric disorder on young adult recidivism. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 40, 1368–1382. doi:10.1177/0093854813488106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horn, K., Roessner, V., & Holtmann, M. (2011). Neurocognitive performance in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder: A review. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 20, 433–450. doi:10.1007/s00787-011-0209-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horwitz, S. M., Demeter, C. A., Pagano, M. E., Youngstrom, E. A., Fristrad, M. A., et al. (2010). Longitudinal assessment of manic symptoms (LAMS) study: Background, design, and initial screening results. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 71(11), 1511–1517. doi:10.4088/JCP.09m05835yel.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hysenbegasi, A., Hass, S. L., & Rowland, C. R. (2005). Impact of depression on the academic productivity of university students. The Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, 8, 145–151.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, 20 U.S.C. § 1400 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, C. M., & Mufson, L. (2012). Interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents adapted for self-injury (IPT-ASI): Rationale, overview, and case summary. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 66, 349–374.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, H. F., & Fruehling, J. J. (2008). Pharmacological approaches with children and adolescents. In R. J. Morris & T. R. Kratochwill (Eds.), The practice of child therapy (4th ed., pp. 207–248). New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joshi, G. G., & Wilens, T. (2009). Comorbidity in pediatric bipolar disorder. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 18, 291–319. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2008.12.005.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jucksch, V., Salbach-Andrae, H., Lenz, K., Goth, K., Dopfner, M., & Poustka, F., … Holtmann, M. (2011). Severe affective and behavioural dysregulation is associated with significant psychosocial adversity and impairment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(6), 686-695. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02322.x

    Google Scholar 

  • Kato, T. (2008). Molecular neurobiology of bipolar disorder: A disease of ‘mood-stabilizing neurons’? Trends in Neurosciences, 31, 495–503. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.07.007.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaslow, N. J., Clark, A. G., & Sirian, L. M. (2008). Childhood depression. In R. J. Morris & T. R. Kratochwill (Eds.), The practice of child therapy (4th ed., pp. 29–92). NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E., & De Los Reyes, A. (2008). Conduct disorder. In R. J. Morris & T. R. Kratochwill (Eds.), The practice of child therapy (4th ed., pp. 207–248). NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keenan-Miller, D., & Miklowitz, D. J. (2011). Interpersonal functioning in pediatric bipolar disorder. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 18, 342–356. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2011.01266.x.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerner, B., Lambert, C. G., & Muthén, B. O. (2011). Genome-wide association study in bipolar patients stratified by co-morbidity. PLoS One, 6, 1–10. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kinscherff, R. (2012). A primer for mental health practitioners working with youth involved in the juvenile justice system. Washington, DC: Technical Assistance Partnership for Child and Family Health.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kofler, M. J., McCart, M. R., Zajac, K., Ruggiero, K. J., Saunders, B. E., & Kilpatrick, D. G. (2011). Depression and delinquency covariation in an accelerated longitudinal sample of adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79, 458–469. doi:10.1037/a0024108.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kolb, B., & Whishaw, I. Q. (2008). Fundamentals of human neuropsychology (6th ed.). New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs, M., Kovacs, M., & Pollack, M. (1995). Bipolar disorder and comorbid conduct disorder in childhood and adolescence. Journal of the American Academy of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 526–529.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kowatch, R. A., Youngstrom, E. A., Danielyan, A., & Findling, R. L. (2005). Review and meta-analysis of the phenomenology and clinical characteristics of mania in children and adolescents. Bipolar Disorder, 7, 483–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leahy, R. L. (2007). Bipolar disorder: Causes, contexts, and treatments. Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session, 83, 417–424. doi:10.1002/jclp.20360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leibenluft, E. (2011). Severe mood dysregulation, irritability, and the diagnostic boundaries of bipolar disorder in youth. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(2), 129–142.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lofthouse, N., & Fristad, M. A. (2008). Bipolar disorders. In G. G. Bear & K. M. Minke (Eds.), Children’s needs III: Development, prevention, and intervention (pp. 211–224). Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loeber, R., & Keenan, K. (1994). Interaction between conduct disorder and its comorbid conditions: Effects of age and gender. Clinical Psychology Review, 14(6), 497–523. doi:10.1016/0272-7358(94)90015-9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lorberg, B., Wilens, T. E., Martelon, M., Wong, P., & Parcell, T. (2010). Reasons for substance use among adolescents with bipolar disorder. The American Journal on Addictions, 19, 474–480. doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2010.00077.x.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lundy, S. M., Silva, G. E., Kaemingk, K. L., Goodwin, J. L., & Quan, S. F. (2010). Cognitive functioning and academic performance in elementary school children with anxious/depressed and withdrawn symptoms. The Open Pediatric Medical Journal, 14, 1–9. doi:10.2174/1874309901004010001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mallett, C. A., Stoddard-Dare, P. A., & Seck, M. M. (2009). Predicting juvenile delinquency: The nexus of childhood maltreatment, depression, and bipolar disorder. Criminal Behavior and Mental Health, 19(4), 235–246. doi:10.1002/cbm.737.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., … Severe, J. (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 292(7), 807-820. doi:10.1001/jama.292.7.807

  • March, J., Silva, S, Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., … Severe, J. (2007). The treatment for adolescents with depression study (TADS): Long-term effectiveness and safety outcomes. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(10), 1132-1143. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.10.1132

  • Margulies, D. M., Weintraub, S., Basile, J., Grover, P. J., & Carlson, G. A. (2012). Will disruptive mood dysregulation disorder reduce false diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children? Bipolar Disorders, 14(5), 488–496. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2012.01029.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Masi, G., Perugi, G., Toni, C., Millepiedi, S., Mucci, M., Bertini, N., et al. (2006). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder—bipolar comorbidity in children and adolescents. Bipolar Disorders, 8, 373–381. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2006.00342.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mattis, S., Papolos, D., Luck, D., Cockerham, M., & Thode, H. C. (2011). Neuropsychological factors differentiating treated children with pediatric bipolar disorder from those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 33(1), 74–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McClure-Tone, E. B. (2010). Social cognition and cognitive flexibility in bipolar disorder. In D. J. Miklowitz & D. Cicchetti (Eds.), Understanding bipolar disorder: A developmental psychopathology perspective (pp. 331–369). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre, R., Konarski, J., Wilkins, K., Soczynska, J., & Kennedy, S. (2006). Obesity in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: Results from a national community health survey on mental health and well-being. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 274–280.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McReynolds, L. S., Schwalbe, C. S., & Wasserman, G. A. (2010). The contribution of psychiatric disorder to juvenile recidivism. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37(2), 204–216. doi:10.1177/0093854809354961.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miklowitz, D., Axelson, D., Birmaher, B., Taylor, D. O., Schneck, C. D., Beresford, C. A., et al. (2008). Family-focused treatment for adolescents with bipolar disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65(9), 1053–1061.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Moor, S., Crowe, M., Luty, S., Carter, J., & Joyce, P. R. (2012). Effects of comorbidity and early age of onset in young people with bipolar disorder on self harming behavior and suicide attempts. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136, 1212–1215. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.018.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mufson, L. H., Dorta, K. P., Wickramaratne, P., Nomura, Y., Olfson, M., & Weissman, M. M. (2004). A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 577–584.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • National Institute of Mental Health. (2014). Depression in children and adolescents fact sheet. Bethesda, MD: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson, R. A., & Kugler, K. E. (1991). Competent and incompetent criminal defendants: A quantitative review of comparative research. Psychological Bulletin, 109(3), 355–370. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.109.3.355.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nieto, R. G., & Castellanos, F. X. (2011). A meta-analysis of neuropsychological functioning in patients with early onset schizophrenia and pediatric bipolar disorder. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 40, 266–280. doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.546049.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Obeidallah, D. A., & Earls, F. J. (1999). Adolescent girls: The role of depression in the development of delinquency: Summary of research. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichart, C. G., & Nolen, W. A. (2004). Earlier onset of bipolar disorder in children by antidepressants or stimulants? An hypothesis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 78, 81–84. doi:10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00180-5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reinemann, D., Stark, K., Molnar, J., & Simpson, J. (2006). Depressive disorders. In G. G. Bear & K. M. Minke (Eds.), Children’s needs III: Development, prevention, and intervention (pp. 199–210). Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists.

    Google Scholar 

  • Renou, S., Hergueta, T., Flament, M., Mouren-Simeoni, M. C., & Lecrubier, Y. (2004). Diagnostic structured interviews in child and adolescent’s psychiatry. Encephale, 30, 122–134. doi:10.1016/S0013-7006(04)95422-X.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rich, B. A., Vinton, D. T., Roberson-Nay, R., Hommer, R. E., Berghorst, L. H., McClure, E. B., et al. (2006). Limbic hyperactivation during processing of neutral facial expressions in children with bipolar disorder. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(23), 8900–8905. doi:10.1073/pnas.0603246103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roybal, D. J., Chang, K. D., Chen, M. C., Howe, M. E., Gotlib, I. H., & Singh, M. K. (2011). Characterization and factors associated with sleep quality in adolescents with Bipolar I disorder. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 42, 724–740.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Schubert, C. A., Mulvey, E. P., & Glasheen, C. (2011). Influence of mental health and substance use problems and criminogenic risk on outcomes in serious juvenile offenders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 50(9), 925–937. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2011.06.006.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1977, Pub. L. No. 93-112, § 87, Stat. 394 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Saveanu, R. V., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2012). Etiology of depression. Genetic and environmental factors. Psychiatry Clinics of North America, 35(1), 51–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shelton, D. J., & Kirwan, C. B. (2013). A possible negative influence of depression on the ability to overcome memory interference. Behavioural Brain Research, 256, 20–26. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.08.016.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Staton, D., Volness, L. J., & Beatty, W. W. (2008). Diagnosis and classification of pediatric bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 105, 205–212. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.05.015.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stoddard-Dare, P. S., Mallett, C.A., & Boitel, C. (2011). Association between mental health disorders and juveniles’ detention for a personal crime. Child and Adolescent Mental Health 16(4), 208-213. doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2011.00599.x

    Google Scholar 

  • Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Loeber, R., Wei, E., Farrington, D. P., & Wikström, P. O. H. (2002). Risk and promotive effects in the explanation of persistent serious delinquency in boys. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(1), 111–123.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stringaris, A. (2013). Editorial: The new DSM is coming—It needs tough love. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(5), 501–502. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12078.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, A. E., & Miklowitz, D. J. (2010). Family functioning among adolescents with bipolar disorder. Journal of Family Psychology, 24, 60–67. doi:10.1037/a001813.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takeda, Y. (2000). Aggression in relation to childhood depression: A study of Japanese 3rd–6th graders. Japanese Journal of Developmental Psychology, 11(1), 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teplin, L. A., Abram, K. M., McClelland, G. M., Dulcan, M. K., & Mericle, A. A. (2002). Psychiatric disorders in youth in juvenile detention. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59(12), 1133–1143. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.12.1133.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Education. (2014). Thirty-sixth annual report to Congress on the implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weersing, V. R., & Brent, D. A. (2013). Treating depression in adolescents using individual cognitive-behavioral therapy. In J. R. Weisz & A. E. Kazdin (Eds.), Evidence-based psychotherapies for children and adolescents (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weersing, V. R., Iyengar, S., Kolko, D. J., Birmaher, B., & Brent, D. A. (2006). Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescent depression: A benchmarking investigation. Behavior Therapy, 37, 36–48.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilens, T. E., Adler, L. A., Adams, J., Sgambati, S., Rotrosen, J., Sawtelle, R., … Fusillo, S. (2008). Misuse and diversion of stimulants prescribed for ADHD: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 21–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wozniak, J., Biederman, J., Kiely, K., Ablon, J. S., Faraone, S. V., & Mundy, E. (1995). Mania-like symptoms suggestive of childhood-onset bipolar disorder in clinically referred children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 867–876.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Youngstrom, E. A., Findling, R. L., Youngstrom, J. K., & Calabrese, J. R. (2005). Toward an evidence-based assessment of pediatric bipolar disorder. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 433–448. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3403_4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Youngstrom, E. A., Birmaher, B., & Findling, R. L. (2008). Pediatric bipolar disorder: Validity, phenomenology, and recommendations for diagnosis. Bipolar Disorders, 10, 194–214. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2007.00563.x.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zara, G., & Farrington, D. P. (2013). Assessment of risk for juvenile compared with adult criminal onset implications for policy, prevention, and intervention. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 19(2), 235. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029050

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuckerman, M. (1999). Vulnerability to psychopathology: A biosocial model. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ, USA

    Kristin C. Thompson & Richard J. Morris

Authors
  1. Kristin C. Thompson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Richard J. Morris
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Thompson, K.C., Morris, R.J. (2016). Mood Disorders. In: Juvenile Delinquency and Disability. Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29343-1_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation