Skip to main content

An Evolutionary Perspective, Sociophysiology, and Heritability

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Empathy in Health Professions Education and Patient Care

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adler, H. M. (2002). The sociophysiology of caring in the doctor-patient relationship. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 17, 874–882.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adolphs, R., Tranel, D., Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. R. (1994). Impaired recognition of emotion in facial expression following bilateral damage to human amygdala. Nature, 372, 669–672.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Allport, F. H. (1924). Social psychology. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ax, A. F. (1964). Goals and methods of psychophysiology. Psychophysiology, 1, 8–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin, D. A., & Baird, J. A. (2001). Discerning intentions in dynamic human action. Trends in Cognitive Science, 5, 171–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basch, M. F. (1983). Empathic understanding: A review of the concept and some theoretical considerations. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 31, 101–126.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bavelas, J. B., Black, A., Lemery, C. R., & Mullett, J. (1986). “I show how you feel”: Motor mimicry as a communicative act. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 322–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bayes, M. A. (1972). Behavioral cues of interpersonal warmth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 39, 333–339.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berkowitz, L. (1984). Some effects of thoughts on anti and prosocial influences of media events: A cognitive-neoassociation analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 410-427. Boyd, R. W., & DiMascio, A. (1957). Social behavior and automatic physiology: A sociophysiological study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 120, 207–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brothers, L. (1989). A biological perspective on empathy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 10–19.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buck, R., & Ginsburg, B. (1997a). Communicative genes and the evolution of empathy: Selfish and social emotions as voices of selfish and social genes. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 807, 481–483.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buck, R., & Ginsburg, B. (1997b). Communicative genes and the evolution of empathy. In W. Ickes (Ed.), Empathic accuracy (pp. 17–43). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buss, D. M. (1995). Psychological sex differences: Origins through sexual selection. American Psychologist, 50, 164–168.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buss, D. M. (2003). The evolution of desire: Strategies of human mating. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buss, D. M., & Schmitt, D. P. (1993). Sexual strategies theory: An evolutionary perspective on human mating. Psychological Review, 100, 204–232.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, L., Iacoboni, M., Dubeau, M. C., Mazziotta, J. C., & Lenzi, G. L. (2003). Neural mechanisms of empathy in humans: A relay from neural systems for imitation to limbic areas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100, 5497–5502. doi:10.1073/pnas.0935845100.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chartrand, T. L., & Bargh, J. A. (1999). The chameleon effect: The perception-behavior link and social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 893–910.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Darwin, C. (1965). The expression of emotion in man and animals. New York: St. Martin’s Press (Originally published in 1872).

    Google Scholar 

  • Darwin, C. (1981). The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. NJ: Princeton University Press (Originally published in 1871).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 113–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, M. R. (1985). Perception of affective reverberation component. In A. P. Goldstein & G. Y. Michaels (Eds.), Empathy: Development, training, and consequences (pp. 62–108). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, M. H., Luce, C., & Kraus, S. J. (1994). The heritability of characteristics associated with dispositional empathy. Journal of Personality, 62, 369–391.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dawkins, R. (1999). The selfish gene. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, G. (1994). Development of emotional expression and emotion regulation in infancy: Contribution of the frontal lobe. In G. Dawson & K. W. Fischer (Eds.), Human behavior and the developing brain (pp. 346–379). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Quervain, D. J. F., Fischbacher, U., Treyer, V., Schellhammer, M., Schnyder, U., Buck, A., & Fehr, E. (2004). The neutral basis of altruistic punishment. Science, 305, 1254–1258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Decety, J., & Jackson, P. L. (2004). The functional architecture of human empathy. Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience Review, 3, 71–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Decety, J., & Jackson, P. L. (2006). A social-neuroscience perspective on empathy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 54–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DiMascio, A., Boyd, R. W., & Greenblatt, M. (1957). Physiological correlates of tension and antagonism during psychotherapy: A study of “interpersonal physiology.”. Psychosomatic Medicine, 19, 99–104.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dimberg, U., Thunberg, M., & Elmehed, K. (2000). Unconscious facial reactions to emotional facial expressions. Psychological Science, 11, 86–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberg, N. (1989). Empathy and related emotional responses (Vol. 44). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, P. (1992). An argument for basic emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 6, 169–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1974). Detecting deception from the body or face. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 288–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Field, T. M., Woodson, R., Greenberg, R., & Cohen, D. (1982). Discrimination and imitation of facial expressions by neonates. Science, 218, 179–181.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, A. P., & Michaels, G. Y. (1985). Empathy: Development, training, and consequences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, W. D. (1964). The genetic evolution of social behavior. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, 1–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hess, U., Blairy, S., & Phillippot, P. (1999). Facial mimicry. In P. Phillippot, R. Feldman, & E. Coats (Eds.), The social context of nonverbal behavior (pp. 213–241). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, M. L. (1978). Psychological and biological perspectives on altruism. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 1, 323–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hogan, R. (1969). Development of an empathy scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, 307–316.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Humphrey, N. (1983). Consciousness regained. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, W. (1890). Principles of psychology. New York: Holt.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Jung, C. G. (1964). Man and his symbols. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, N. B., & Bloom, S. W. (1960). The use of sociological and social psychological concepts in physiological research. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 131, 128–134.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Knafo, A., Zahn-Waxler, C., Van Hule, C., Robinson, J. L., & Rhee, S. H. (2008). The developmental origins of disposition toward empathy: Genetic and environmental contributions. Emotion, 8, 737–752. Retrieved from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014179.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kugiumutzakis, G. (1998). Neonatal imitation in the intersubjective companion space. In S. Braten (Ed.), Intersubjective communication and emotion in early ontogeny (pp. 63–88). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • La France, M. (1979). Nonverbal synchrony and rapport: Analysis by the cross-lag panel technique. Social Psychology Quarterly, 42, 66–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • La France, M. (1982). Posturre mirroring and rapport. In M. Davis (Ed.), Interaction rhythms: Periodicity in communication behavior (pp. 279–298). New York: Human Sciences Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakin, J. L., Jefferis, V. E., Cheng, C. M., & Chartland, T. L. (2003). The chameleon effect as social glue: Evidence for the evolutionary significance of nonconscious mimicry. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 27, 145–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lanzetta, J. T., & Englis, B. G. (1989). Expectation of cooperation and competition and their effects on observers’ vicarious emotional response. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 543–554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levenson, R. W., & Ruef, A. M. (1992). Empathy, a physiological substrate. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 234–246.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malno, R. B., Boag, T. J., & Smith, A. A. (1957). Physiological study of personal interaction. Psychosomatic Medicine, 19, 105–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, K. A., Batson, C. D., Horn, J., & Rosenman, R. H. (1981). Principles in his nature which interest him in the fortune of others: The heritability of empathic concern for others. Journal of Personality, 49, 237–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maurer, R. E., & Tindall, J. H. (1983). Effect of postural congruence on client’s perception of counselor empathy. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 30, 158–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayerson, E. W. (1976). Putting the ill at ease. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehrabian, A. (1972). Nonverbal communication. Chicago: Aldine-Atherton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehrabian, A., & Epstein, N. A. (1972). A measure of emotional empathy. Journal of Personality, 40, 525–543.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meltzoff, A. N., & Moore, M. K. (1977). Imitation of facial and manual gestures by human neonates. Science, 198, 75–78.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meltzoff, A. N., & Moore, M. K. (1983). Newborn infants imitate adult facial gestures. Child Development, 54, 702–709.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meltzoff, A. N., & Prinz, W. (2002). The imitative mind: Development, evolution, and brain bases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mumford, L. (1967). The myth of the machine. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, K. M., & Novak, M. A. (2002). Empathy leads to fairness. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 64, 1101–1116.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Plutchik, R. (1987). Evolutionary bases of empathy. In N. Eisenberg & J. Strayer (Eds.), Empathy and its development (pp. 38–46). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Preston, S. D., & deWaal, F. B. M. (2002). Empathy: It’s ultimate and proximate bases. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 25, 1–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reiser, M. F., Reeves, R. B., & Armington, J. (1955). Effects of variation in laboratory procedure and experimenter upon the ballistoeargram, blood pressure, and heart rate in healthy young men. Psychosomatic Medicine, 17, 185–199.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ridley, M., & Dawkins, R. (1981). The natural selection of altruism. In J. P. Rushton & R. M. Sorrentino (Eds.), Altruism and helping behavior: Social, personality, and developmental perspectives (pp. 19–39). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rushton, J. P. (2004). Genetic and environmental contributions to pro-social attitudes: A twin study of social responsibility. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Biological Sciences, 271, 2583–2585. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2941.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rushton, J. P., Fulker, D. W., Neale, M. C., Nias, D. K. B., & Eysenck, H. J. (1986). Altruism and aggression: The heritability of individual differences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 1192–1198.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sagi, A., & Hoffman, M. L. (1976). Empathic distress in newborns. Developmental Psychology, 12, 175–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schaflen, A. E. (1964). The significance of posture in communication systems. Psychiatry, 27, 316–331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scourfield, J., Martin, N., Lewis, G., & McGuffin, P. (1999). Heritability of social cognitive skills in children and adolescents. British Journal of Psychiatry, 175, 564.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, D. J. (1999). The developing mind: How relationships and the brain interact to shape who we are. New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simner, M. L. (1971). Newborn response to the cry of another infant. Developmental Psychology, 5, 136–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, T., Seymour, B., O’Doherty, J., Kaube, H., Dolan, R. J., & Frith, C. D. (2004). Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain. Science, 303, 1157–1162. doi:10.1126/science.1093535.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Szalita, A. B. (1976). Some thoughts on empathy. The eighteenth annual Frieda Fromm-Reichmann memorial lecture. Psychiatry, 39, 142–152.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trivers, R. L. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection. In B. Campbell (Ed.), Sexual selection and the descent of man (pp. 136–179). Chicago, IL: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tronick, E., Als, H., Adamson, L., Wise, S., & Brazelton, T. B. (1978). The infant’s response to entrapment between contradictory messages in face-to-face interaction. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 17, 1–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Westerman, M. A. (2005). What is interpersonal behavior? Post-cartesian approach to problematic interpersonal pattern and psychotherapy process. Review of General Psychology, 9, 16–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wicker, B., Keysers, C., Plailly, J., Royet, J. P., Gallese, V., & Rizzolatti, G. (2003). Both of us disgusted in my insula: The common neural basis of seeing and feeling disgust. Neuron, 40, 655–664.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zahn-Waxler, C., Robinson, J. L., & Emde, R. N. (1992). The development of empathy in twins. Developmental Psychology, 28, 1038–1047.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hojat, M. (2016). An Evolutionary Perspective, Sociophysiology, and Heritability. In: Empathy in Health Professions Education and Patient Care. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27625-0_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics