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Disability and Head Injury

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Textbook of Acute Trauma Care

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Abstract

An altered mental state is a frequent problem in patients with major trauma. Traumatic brain injuries are the most common cause of this and require rapid assessment and intervention to prevent further neurological injury. Sound working knowledge of both neuroanatomy and physiology is needed to understand why patients respond the way they do and what actions the attending clinicians should take. Whilst there is little that can be done to the brain directly outside of an operating theatre, there are many interventions that can effectively reduce the ongoing neurological injury and improve the patient’s outcome. Once a patient has been transferred to a centre where imaging can be undertaken, it is essential to make an initial diagnosis of the nature of the brain injury. Referrals to tertiary neurosurgical services are made easier by combining accurate clinical assessments, initiation of early management to prevent further brain injury and obtaining appropriate cross-sectional imaging. Discussion with neurosurgery forms an essential component of managing these patients, and understanding how to make a concise referral is critical. Finally, patients with severe brain injuries will inevitably require admission to an intensive care unit, and this chapter will cover the various interventions undertaken during this time.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK

    Richard J. Gould

  2. Tactical Medical Wing, Royal Air Force, Brize Norton, Oxfordshire, UK

    Peter Lax

  3. The Air Ambulance Service (TAAS), Rugby, Warwickshire, UK

    Peter Lax

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  1. Richard J. Gould
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  1. Tactical Medical Wing, Royal Air Force, Brize Norton, Oxfordshire, UK

    Peter Lax

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Gould, R.J., Lax, P. (2022). Disability and Head Injury. In: Lax, P. (eds) Textbook of Acute Trauma Care . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83628-3_11

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