Skip to main content

The Relationship Between Emerging Adults and their Parents as PYD Promotive Factor in Brazil

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Positive Youth Development

Abstract

This chapter applies the Positive Youth Development (PYD) perspective to examine the relationship of emerging adults with their parents in Brazil. The chapter brings novel insights into contextual (socioeconomic status, SES) and relational aspects (closeness) of this relationship based on a literature review of Brazilian studies. The review indicated that emerging adults from different SES vary in terms of speed of transition, independence, and opportunities of identity exploration. In addition, the extended period of emerging adults living with their parents brings a change in family dynamics and a relationship with greater reciprocity, mutual respect, and equality. In conclusion, we propose that despite SES impact, the family acts as PYD promotive factor during emerging adulthood.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abdul Kadir, N. B., Mohd, R. H., & Dimitrova, R. (this volume). Promoting mindfulness through the 7Cs of positive youth development in Malaysia. In R. Dimitrova & N. Wiium (Eds.), Handbook of positive youth development. Advancing research, policy and practice in global contexts. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030702618

  • Abubakar, A. A., & Dimitrova, R. (2016). Social connectedness, life satisfaction and school engagement: Moderating role of ethnic minority status on resilience processes of Roma youth. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 13(3), 361–376. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2016.1161507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aquilino, W. S. (2006). Family relationships and support systems in emerging adulthood. In J. J. Arnett & J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century (pp. 193–217). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Arnett, J. J. (2011). Emerging adulthood(s): The cultural psychology of a new life stage. In L. A. Jensen (Ed.), Bridging cultural and developmental approaches to psychology: New synthesis in theory, research, and policy (pp. 255–275). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnett, J. J. (2018). Foreword. In R. Dimitrova (Ed.), Well-being of youth and emerging adults across cultures. Springer. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319683621

    Google Scholar 

  • Augustyn, M. B., & Jackson, D. B. (2020). An intersectional look at the “rush to adulthood”: Considering the role of gender, race and SES in the link between precocious transitions and adult antisocial behavior. Youth & Society, 52(1), 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X17725245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bardin, L. (2008). AnĂĄlise de conteĂșdo [Analyze the content]. Edição Setenta.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barros, R. P., & Santos, E. C. (1996). ConsequĂȘncias de longo prazo do trabalho precoce [Long-term consequences of early work]. In A. Fausto & R. Cervini (Eds.), O trabalho e a rua: Crianças e adolescentes no Brasil urbano dos anos 80 (pp. 56–61). SĂŁo Paulo, Brazil: Cortez.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borges, C. C., & MagalhĂŁes, A. S. (2009). Transição para a vida adulta: Autonomia e dependĂȘncia na famĂ­lia [Transition to adulthood: Autonomy and dependency in the family]. Psico, 40(1), 42–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, G. L., Ferguson, S., & Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (this volume). Parental support, peer support and school connectedness as foundations for student engagement and academic achievement in Australian youth. In R. Dimitrova & N. Wiium (Eds.), Handbook of positive youth development. Advancing research, policy and practice in global contexts. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030702618

  • Burkhard, B. M., Robinson, K. M., Murray, E. D., & Lerner, R. M. (2019). The positive youth development perspective. In S. Hupp & J. Jewell (Eds.), The encyclopedia of child and adolescent development (pp. 1–12). Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119171492.wecad310

  • Campos, H. R., & Francischini, R. (2003). Trabalho infantil produtivo e desenvolvimento humano [Productive child labor and human development]. Psicologia em Estudo (MaringĂĄ), 8(1), 119–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlo, G., Koller, S., Raffaelli, M., & De Guzman, M. T. (2007). Culture related strengths among Latin American families: A case study of Brazil. Marriage & Family Review, 41(3–4), 335–360. https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v41n03_06

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cerqueira-Santos, E., & Koller, S. H. (2009). A dimensĂŁo social psicossocial da religiosidade entre jovens brasileiros [Psychosocial dimension of religiosity among Brazilian youth]. In M. C. LobĂłrio & S. H. Koller (Eds.), AdolescĂȘncia e juventude: Risco e proteção na realidade brasileira (pp. 133–154). Sao Pablo, Brazil: Casa do PsicĂłlogo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, B.-B., Wiium, N., Dimitrova, R., & Chen, N. (2019). The relationships between family, school, and community support and boundaries and student engagement among Chinese adolescents. Current Psychology, 38(3), 705–714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-017-9646-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CirĂ­aco, J. S., Junior, O. R., Rodrigues, P. S., & Alves, N. C. (2018). Geração canguru: Fatores associados Ă  permanĂȘncia dos jovens cearenses no ambiente familiar de origem [Kangaroo generation: Factors associated with the permanence of young people from CearĂĄ in the family environment of origin]. Revista Brasileira de Economia de Empresas, 18(2), 65–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Demuth, C., & Keller, H. (2011). Culture, learning, and adult development. In C. Hoare (Ed.), Handbook of adult development and learning (pp. 425–443). New York: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199736300.013.0098

  • DeSousa, D. A., & Pereira, A. S. (2018). CaracterĂ­sticas e funçÔes dos relacionamentos de amizade na adultez emergente [Characteristics and functions of friendship relationships in emerging adulthood]. In L. Dutra-ThomĂ©, A. S. Pereira, S. Nuñez, & S. H. Koller (Eds.), Adultez emergente no Brasil: Uma nova perspectiva desenvolvimental sobre a transição para a vida adulta (pp. 95–104). Vetor. ISBN 9788575858936; https://www.vetoreditora.com.br/produto/2113275/adultez-emergente-no-brasil-novas-perspectivas-dapsicologia-do-desenvolvimento

  • Dimitrova, R. (Ed.). (2018). Well-being of youth and emerging adults across cultures. New York: Springer. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319683621

    Google Scholar 

  • Dimitrova, R., Fernandes, D., Malik, S., Suryani, A., Musso, P., & Wiium, N. (this volume). The 7Cs and developmental assets models of positive youth development in India, Indonesia and Pakistan. In R. Dimitrova & N. Wiium (Eds.), Handbook of positive youth development. Advancing research, policy and practice in global contexts. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030702618

  • Dimitrova, R., & Wiium, N. (this volume). Handbook of positive youth development: Advancing the next generation of research, policy and practice in global contexts. In R. Dimitrova & N. Wiium (Eds.), Handbook of positive youth development. Advancing research, policy and practice in global contexts. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030702618

  • Dominguez, A., Wiium, N., Jackman, D., & Ferrer-Wreder, L. (this volume). Healthy life style behaviors and the 5Cs of positive youth development in Mexico. In R. Dimitrova & N. Wiium (Eds.), Handbook of positive youth development. Advancing research, policy and practice in global contexts. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030702618

  • Douglas, C. B. (2007). From duty to desire: Emerging adulthood in Europe and its consequences. Child Development Perspectives, 1(2), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2007.00023.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutra-ThomĂ©, L. (2016). Quando os filhos vĂŁo sair de casa? As trajetĂłrias em direção Ă  vida adulta de jovens brasileiros de nĂ­vel socioeconĂŽmico baixo e alto [When will the children leave home? Trajectories towards adult life of young Brazilians of low and high socioeconomic status]. In E. L. T. Ponciano & M. L. Seidl-de-Moura (Eds.), Quem quer crescer: Relacionamentos pais e filhos da adolescĂȘncia para a vida adulta (pp. 85–110). CRV Editora ISBN:978-85-444-1070-7; https://doi.org/10.24824/978854441070.7; https://editoracrv.com.br/produtos/detalhes/31873-quem-quer-crescerbrrelacionamento-pais-e-filhosas-da-adolescencia-para-avida-adulta.

  • Dutra-ThomĂ©, L., & Koller, S. H. (2019). Emerging adulthood features in Brazilians from differing socioeconomic status. Acta de InvestigaciĂłn PsicolĂłgica, 9(3), 56–66. https://doi.org/10.22201/fpsi.20074719e.2019.3.322.

  • Dutra-ThomĂ©, L., Costa, A. B., & Koller, S. H. (2013). Geração y no Brasil? Uma anĂĄlise crĂ­tica a partir da pesquisa da juventude brasileira [Generation Y in Brazil? A critical analysis based on Brazilian youth research]. In T. Medeiros (Ed.), AdolescĂȘncia: Desafios e riscos (pp. 71–87). Ponta Delgada, Portugal: Letras lavadas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dutra-ThomĂ©, L., DeSousa, D., & Koller, S. H. (2018). Promotive and risk factors for positive youth development among emerging adults in Brazil. Child & Youth Care Forum, 48(2), 171–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-018-9475-9

  • Dutra-ThomĂ©, L., & Koller, S. H. (2014). Emerging adulthood in Brazilians of differing socioeconomic status: Transition to adulthood. PaidĂ©ia (RibeirĂŁo Preto), 24, 313–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutra-ThomĂ©, L., Marques, L. F., Seidl-de-Moura, M. L., Ramos, D. D., & Koller, S. H. (2019). Autonomy development: Gender and age differences from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Acta de InvestigaciĂłn PsicolĂłgica, 9(2), 14–24. https://doi.org/10.22201/fpsi.20074719e.2019.2.259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutra-ThomĂ©, L., Pereira, A. S., & Koller, S. H. (2016). O desafio de conciliar trabalho e escola: CaracterĂ­sticas sociodemogrĂĄficas de jovens trabalhadores e nĂŁo-trabalhadores [The challenge of reconciling work and school: Sociodemographic characteristics of young workers and non-workers]. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 32(1), 101–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and society. Zahar. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6807(199507)32:3<243::AID-PITS2310320315>3.0.CO;2-4

  • Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crises. Zahar. https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830140209

  • Facio, A., Resett, S., Micocci, F., & Mistrorigo, C. (2007). Emerging adulthood in Argentina: An age of diversity and possibilities. Child Development Perspectives, 1(2), 115–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2007.00025.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes, D., Fetvadjev, V., Wiium, N., & Dimitrova, R. (this volume). The 5Cs of PYD model in New Zealand: Relations with hopeful expectations for the future and life satisfaction among emerging adults. In R. Dimitrova & N. Wiium (Eds.), Handbook of positive youth development. Advancing research, policy and practice in global contexts. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030702618

  • Geldhof, G. J., Bowers, E. P., Mueller, M. K., Napolitano, C. M., Callina, K. S., Walsh, K. J., et al. (2015). The five Cs model of positive youth development. In E. P. Bowers, G. J. Geldhof, S. K. Johnson, L. J. Hilliard, R. M. Hershberg, J. V. Lerner, & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Promoting positive youth development. Lessons from the 4-H study (pp. 161–186). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17166-1_9

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gonçalves, C. M. (1997). The influence of family in the vocational development of adolescents and youth [Unpublished Master’s thesis]. University of Porto, Lisbon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gower, M., & Dowling, E. (2008). Parenting adult children: Invisible ties that bind? Journal of Family Therapy, 30(4), 425–437. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6427.2008.00438.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). The weirdest people in the world? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(2–3), 61–83. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0999152X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henriques, C. R., Jablonski, B., & Feres-Carneiro, T. (2004). “Kangaroo generation”: Some questions about the prolonging of family cohabiting. Psico, 35(2), 195–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howe, N., & Strauss, W. (2007). The next 20 years: How customer and workforce attitudes will evolve. Harvard Business Review, 85(7–8), 41–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatĂ­stica. (2014). SĂ­ntese de indicadores sociais: Uma anĂĄlise das condiçÔes de vida da população brasileira [Synthesis of social indicators: An analysis of the living conditions of the Brazilian population]. IBGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, L. A., & Arnett, J. J. (2012). Going global: New pathways for adolescents and emerging adults in a changing world. Journal of Social Issues, 68(3), 473–492. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2012.01759.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koller, S., & Dutra-ThomĂ©, L. (2018). Social support. In M. Bornstein (Ed.), The Sage encyclopedia of lifespan human development (pp. 2097–2098). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kosic, M., Wiium, N., & Dimitrova, R. (this volume). Social support among Slovene minority and Italian majority youth in Italy: Links with positive identity, social competence and academic achievement. In R. Dimitrova & N. Wiium (Eds.), Handbook of positive youth development. Advancing research, policy and practice in global contexts. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030702618

  • Macek, P., Bejcek, J., & Vanickova, J. (2007). Contemporary Czech emerging adults: Generation growing up in the period of social changes. Journal of Adolescent Research, 22(5), 444–475. https://doi.org/10.1177/2F0743558407305417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manrique-Millones, D. L., Pineda Marin, C. P., Millones-Rivalles, R. B., & Dimitrova, R. (this volume). The 7Cs of positive youth development in Colombia and Peru: A promising model for reduction of risky behaviors among youth and emerging adults. In R. Dimitrova & N. Wiium (Eds.), Handbook of positive youth development. Advancing research, policy and practice in global contexts. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030702618

  • Marques, M. E., Neves, M. d. A., & Neto, A. C. (2002). Child labor: The stolen infancy. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Segrac.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, I., Garcia, F., Veiga, F., Garcia, O. F., Rodrigues, Y., & Serra, E. (2020). Parenting styles, internalization of values and self-esteem: A cross-cultural study in Spain, Portugal and Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7). Article 2370. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072370

  • Mehta, C. M., Arnett, J. J., Palmer, C. G., & Nelson, L. J. (2020). Established adulthood: A new conception of ages 30 to 45. American Psychologist, 75(4), 431–444. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000600

  • Oliveira, B. R. G., & Robazzi, M. L. C. C. (2001). O trabalho na vida dos adolescentes: Alguns fatores determinantes para o trabalho precoce [Work in the lives of adolescents: Some determining factors for early work]. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 9(3), 83–89. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692001000300013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira, C., Fonseca, G., Sotero, L., Crespo, C., & Relvas, A. P. (2019). Emerging adults’ family relationships in the 21st century: A systematic review. Sage submissions. https://doi.org/10.31124/advance.7608989.v2.

  • Padilla-Walker, L. M., & Nelson, L. J. (2012). Black hawk down? Establishing helicopter parenting as a distinct construct from other forms of parental control during emerging adulthood. Journal of Adolescence, 35(5), 1177–1190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.03.007

  • Ponciano, E. L. T. (2016). Relacionamento pais e filhos(as) da adolescĂȘncia para vida adulta: Foco na saĂșde emocional [Relationship between parents and children from adolescence to adulthood: Focus on emotional health]. In E. L. T. Ponciano & M. L. Seidl-de-Moura (Eds.), Quem quer crescer? Relacionamento pais e filhos(as) da adolescĂȘncia para a vida adulta (pp. 13–46). CRV Editora ISBN:978-85-444-1070-7; https://doi.org/10.24824/978854441070.7; https://editoracrv.com.br/produtos/detalhes/31873-quem-quercrescerbrrelacionamento-pais-e-filhosas-da-adolescencia-para-a-vida-adulta.

  • Ponciano, E. L. T., & FĂ©res-Carneiro, T. (2012). TransiciĂłn para la vida adulta: La transformaciĂłn del rol parental [Transition to adult life: Transforming the parental role]. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 46(2), 219–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ponciano, E. L. T., & FĂ©res-Carneiro, T. (2014). Relação pais-filhos na transição para a vida adulta, autonomia e relativização da hierarquia [Parent-child relationship in the transition to adulthood, autonomy and relativization of the hierarchy]. Psicologia: ReflexĂŁo e CrĂ­tica, 27(2), 388–397. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7153.201427220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ponciano, E. L. T., & FĂ©res-Carneiro, T. (2017). Conjugalidade, parentalidade e separação: RepercussĂ”es no relacionamento pais e filhos(as) [Conjugality, parenthood and separation: Repercussion on the parent-child relationship]. Psicologia em Estudo, 22(2), 277–287. https://doi.org/10.4025/psicolestud.v22i2.32808

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ponciano, E. L. T., & Seidl-de-Moura, M. L. (2017). Narrativas sobre si mesmo e o futuro na adultez emergente: CritĂ©rios subjetivos e marcadores sociais [Narratives about yourself and the future in emerging adulthood: Subjective criteria and social markers]. PsicologĂ­a para AmĂ©rica Latina, 29, 128–146. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1870-350X2017000300009&lng=pt&tlng=pt

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro, M. A. (2005). O projeto profissional familiar como determinante da evasĂŁo universitĂĄria-um estudo preliminar [The professional family project as a determinant of university dropout-a preliminary study]. Revista Brasileira de Orientação Profissional, 6(2), 55–70. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=203016893006

    Google Scholar 

  • Rother, E. T. (2007). RevisĂŁo sistemĂĄtica X revisĂŁo narrativa [Systematic review vs. narrative review]. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, 20(2), 5–6. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-21002007000200001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scharp, K. M., & Hall, E. D. (2019). Reconsidering family closeness: A review and call for research on family distancing. Journal of Family Communication, 19(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15267431.2018.1544563

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seidl-de-Moura, M. L., Carvalho, R. V. C., & Vieira, M. L. (2013). Brazilian mothers’ cultural model: Socialization for autonomy and relatedness. In M. L. Seidl-de-Moura (Ed.), Parenting in South American and African context (pp. 1–15). Intechopen https://doi.org/10.5772/57083; https://www.intechopen.com/books/parenting-in-south-american-and-african-contexts/brazilian-motherscultural-models-socialization-for-autonomy-and-relatedness.

  • Seltzer, J. A. (2019). Family change and changing family demography. Demography, 56(2), 405–426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-019-00766-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smetana, J. (2011). Adolescents, families and social development: How teens construct their worlds. Chichester, UK: Blackwell Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smorti, M., Ponti, L., & Cincidda, C. (2020). Life satisfaction linked to different independence-from-parents conditions in Italian emerging adults. Journal of Youth Studies, 23(4), 530–544. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2019.1634250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sorj, B., & Fraga, A. (2020). Leave policies and social inequality in Brazil. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 40(5–6), 515–526. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-07-2019-0141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vieira da Silva, D., Paulson, D., Legon, M. H., & Irurita-Ballesteros, C. (2019). Familism scale: Confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of caregivers of older adults. PaidĂ©ia (RibeirĂŁo Preto), 29, e2936. Article e2936. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e2936

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zago, N. (2006). Do acesso Ă  permanĂȘncia no ensino superior: Percursos de estudantes universitĂĄrios de camadas populares [From access to permanence in higher education: Pathways of university students from lower classes]. Revista Brasileira de Educação, 11(32), 226–237. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-24782006000200003

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Dutra-Thomé, L., Ponciano, E.L.T. (2021). The Relationship Between Emerging Adults and their Parents as PYD Promotive Factor in Brazil. In: Dimitrova, R., Wiium, N. (eds) Handbook of Positive Youth Development. Springer Series on Child and Family Studies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70262-5_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics