Skip to main content

Aging and Health in the Latinx Population in the USA: Changing Demographics, Social Vulnerabilities, and the Aim of Quality of Life

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
New and Emerging Issues in Latinx Health

Abstract

In this chapter, we outline the health status and experiences of aging among Latinx persons. Aging among Latinx persons is heterogeneous, based on country of origin, place of residence, generation, socioeconomic status, social support networks, and life experiences. Despite having higher life expectancies than White non-Hispanics, this population suffers from a greater burden of disability , their utilization of existing health services is lower, and the proportion of Latinx older adults living at the poverty level is greater compared to other racial/ethnic groups. With fewer economic resources, Latinx older adults may be highly dependent on family and social services for long-term care. We conclude by providing alternative frameworks for examining aging in the Latinx population .

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abraído-Lanza, A. F., Dohrenwend, B. P., Ng-Mak, D. S., & Turner, J. B. (1999). The Latino mortality paradox: A test of the “salmon bias” and healthy migrant hypotheses. American Journal of Public Health, 89, 1543–1548. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.89.10.1543.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Alzheimer’s Association. (2014). Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer’s and Dementia, 10, 47–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, R. M. (1995). Revisiting the behavioral model and access to medical care: Does it matter? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36, 1–10.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Andrew, M. K. (2015). Frailty and social vulnerability. In O. Theou & K. Rockwood (Eds.), Frailty in aging. Biological, clinical and social implications (pp. 186–195). Basel, Switzerland: Karger Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrew, M. K., Fisk, J. D., & Rockwood, K. (2011). Social vulnerability and prefrontal cortical function in elderly people: A report from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. International Psychogeriatrics, 23, 450–458.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Angel, R. J., Angel, J. L., & Hill, T. D. (2014). Longer lives, sicker lives? Increased longevity and extended disability among Mexican-origin elders. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 70(4), 639–649.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, P. S., Bodner, E. V., & Allman, R. M. (2003). Measuring life-space mobility in community-dwelling older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51, 1610–1614.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baltes, M. M., & Carstensen, L. L. (1999). Social-psychological theories and their applications to aging: From individual to collective. In V. L. Bengtson & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of theories of aging (pp. 209–226). New York, NY: Springer Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bastida, E. (1988). Reexamining assumptions about extended familism: Older Puerto Ricans in a comparative perspective. In M. Sotomayor & H. Curiel (Eds.), Hispanic elderly: A cultural signature (pp. 163–181). Edinburg, TX: Pan American University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blazer, D. G. (2003). Depression in late life: Review and commentary. Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 58, M249–M265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bock, J. O., Luppa, M., Brettschneider, C., Riedel-Heller, S., Bickel, H., Fuchs, A., et al. (2014). Impact of depression on health care utilization and costs among multimorbid patients–results from the multicare cohort study. PLoS ONE, 9, e91973.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bowen, M. E., & Ruch, A. (2015). Depressive symptoms and disability risk among older white and Latino adults by nativity status. Journal of Aging and Health, 27, 1286–1305.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant, L. L., Shetterly, S. M., Baxter, J., & Hamman, R. F. (2002). Changing functional status in a biethnic rural population: The San Luis Valley health and aging study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 155, 361–367.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carstensen, L. L. (1991). Selectivity theory: Social activity in life-span context. Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 11, 195–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casado, B. L., van Vulpen, K. S., & Davis, S. L. (2011). Unmet needs for home and community-based services among frail older Americans and their caregivers. Journal of Aging and Health, 23, 529–553.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Casagrande, S. S., Fradkin, J. E., Saydah, S. H., Rust, K. F., & Cowie, C. C. (2013). The prevalence of meeting A1C, blood pressure, and LDL goals among people with diabetes, 1988–2010. Diabetes Care, 36, 2271–2279.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) prevalence & trends data. https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/brfssprevalence/.

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Association of Chronic Disease Directors. (2008). The state of mental health and aging in America. Issue Brief #1: What do the data tell us? Atlanta, GA: National Association of Chronic Disease Directors. https://www.cdc.gov/aging/pdf/mental_health.pdf.

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Association of Chronic Disease Directors. (2009). The state of mental health and aging in America. Issue Brief #2: Addressing depression in older adults: Selected evidence-based programs. Atlanta, GA: National Association of Chronic Disease Directors. https://www.cdc.gov/aging/pdf/mental_health_brief_2.pdf.

  • Cohen, S. (2004). Social relationships and health. American Psychologist, 59, 676.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crimmins, E. M., Hayward, M. D., & Seeman, T. E. (2004). Race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and health. Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life, 310–352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crimmins, E. M., Kim, J. K., Alley, D. E., Karlamangla, A., & Seeman, T. (2007). Hispanic paradox in biological risk profiles. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 1305–1310.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cubanski, J., Casillas, G., & Damico, A. (2015). Poverty among seniors: An updated analysis of national and state level poverty rates under the official and supplemental poverty measures. http://files.kff.org/attachment/issue-brief-poverty-among-seniorsan-updated-analysis-of-national-and-state-level-poverty-ratesunder-the-official-and-supplemental-poverty-measures.

  • Daviglus, M. L., Talavera, G. A., Avilés-Santa, M. L., Allison, M., Cai, J., Criqui, M. H., et al. (2012). Prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases among Hispanic/Latino individuals of diverse backgrounds in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 308, 1775–1784.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dunlop, D. D., Song, J., Manheim, L. M., Daviglus, M. L., & Chang, R. W. (2007). Racial/ethnic differences in the development of disability among older adults. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 2209–2215. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2006.106047. [pii].

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Evercare Study and National Alliance for Caregiving. (2008). Evercare study of Hispanic family caregiving in the U.S.: Findings from a national study. http://www.caregiving.org/data/Hispanic_Caregiver_Study_web_ENG_FINAL_11_04_08.pdf.

  • Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics. (2016). Older Americans 2016: Key indicators of well-being. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. https://agingstats.gov/docs/LatestReport/Older-Americans-2016-Key-Indicators-of-WellBeing.pdf.

  • Floyd, M. F. (1998). Getting beyond marginality and ethnicity: The challenge for race and ethnic studies in leisure research. Journal of Leisure Research, 30, 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Floyd, M. F. (2007). Research on race and ethnicity in leisure: Anticipating the fourth wave. Leisure/loisir, 31, 245–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fried, L. P., Carlson, M. C., McGill, S., Seeman, T., Xue, Q. L., Frick, K., et al. (2013). Experience Corps: A dual trial to promote the health of older adults and children’s academic success. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 36, 1–13.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gallo, J. J., & Rabins, P. V. (1999). Depression without sadness: Alternative presentations of depression in late life. American Family Physician, 60, 820–826.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gelman, C. R. (2014). Familismo and its impact on the family caregiving of Latinos with Alzheimer’s disease: A complex narrative. Research on Aging, 36, 40–71.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gerst-Emerson, K., Shovali, T. E., & Markides, K. S. (2014). Loneliness among very old Mexican Americans: Findings from the Hispanic established populations epidemiologic studies of the elderly. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 59, 145–149.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Glass, T. A. (2000). Psychosocial interventions. In L. F. Berkman & I. Kawachi (Eds.), Social epidemiology (pp. 267–305). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • González, H. M., Haan, M. N., & Hinton, L. (2001). Acculturation and the prevalence of depression in older Mexican Americans: Baseline results of the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 49, 948–953.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guendelman, S., & Wagner, T. H. (2000). Health services utilization among Latinos and white non-Latinos: Results from a national survey. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 11, 179–194.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gurland, B. J., Wilder, D. E., Lantigua, R., Stern, Y., Chen, J., Killeffer, E. H., et al. (1999). Rates of dementia in three ethno-racial groups. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14, 481–493.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haan, M. N., & Weldon, M. (1996). The influence of diabetes, hypertension, and stroke on ethnic differences in physical and cognitive functioning in an ethnically diverse older population. Annals of Epidemiology, 6, 392–398.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hayward, M. D., Hummer, R. A., Chiu, C. T., González-González, C., & Wong, R. (2014). Does the Hispanic paradox in US adult mortality extend to disability? Population Research and Policy Review, 33, 81–96.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • He, W., Goodkind, D., & Kowal, P. U. S. (2016). Census Bureau, international population reports. P95/16-1, An Aging World: 2015, Washington, DC: US Government Publishing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, J. N. (1984). Creating culturally relevant Alzheimer’s support groups for racial and ethnic minorities.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heron, M. (2016). Deaths: leading causes for 2014. National Vital Statistics Reports, 65, 1–95. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr65/nvsr65_05.pdf.

  • Herrera, A. P., George, R., Angel, J. L., Markides, K., & Torres-Gil, F. (2013). Variation in Older Americans Act caregiver service use, unmet hours of care, and independence among Hispanics, African Americans, and Whites. Home Health Care Services Quarterly, 32, 35–56.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, T. D., Angel, J. L., Balistreri, K. S., & Herrera, A. P. (2012). Immigrant status and cognitive functioning in late-life: An examination of gender variations in the healthy immigrant effect. Social Science and Medicine, 75, 2076–2084.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, T. D., Uchino, B. N., Eckhardt, J. L., & Angel, J. L. (2016). Perceived social support trajectories and the all-cause mortality risk of older Mexican American women and men. Research on Aging, 38, 374–398.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • House, J. S., Kessler, R. C., & Herzog, A. R. (1990). Age, socioeconomic status, and health. Milbank Quarterly, 68, 383–411.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hummer, R. A., Benjamins, M. R., & Rogers, R. G. (2004). Racial and ethnic disparities in health and mortality among the US elderly population. Critical Perspectives on Racial and ethnic differences in health in late life, 53–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hummer, R. A., & Hayward, M. D. (2015). Hispanic older adult health & longevity in the United States: Current patterns & concerns for the future. Daedalus, 144(2), 20–30.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jang, Y., Chiriboga, D. A., Kim, G., & Phillips, K. (2008). Depressive symptoms in four racial and ethnic groups: The Survey of Older Floridians (SOF). Research on Aging.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kagawa-Singer, M., Dressler, W. W., George, S. M., & Elwood, W. N. (2014). The cultural framework for health: An integrative approach for research and program design and evaluation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, R. C., Bangdiwala, S. I., Barnhart, J. M., Castañeda, S. F., Gellman, M. D., Lee, D. J., et al. (2014). Smoking among US Hispanic/Latino adults: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 46, 496–506.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kirkman, M. S., Briscoe, V. J., Clark, N., Florez, H., Haas, L. B., Halter, J. B., et al. (2012). Diabetes in older adults. Diabetes Care, 35, 2650–2664.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kochanek, K. D., Murphy, S. L., Xu, J. Q., Tejada-Vera, B. (2016). Deaths: Final data for 2014. National Vital Statistics Reports, 65, 1–121. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr65/nvsr65_04.pdf.

  • Krogstad, J. M. (2016). 5 Facts about Latinos and education. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/07/28/5-facts-about-latinos-and-education/.

  • Lewis-Fernández, R., Das, A. K., Alfonso, C., Weissman, M. M., & Olfson, M. (2005). Depression in US Hispanics: Diagnostic and management considerations in family practice. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice, 18, 282–296.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luchsinger, J. A., Tipiani, D., Torres-Patiño, G., Silver, S., Eimicke, J. P., Ramirez, M., et al. (2015). Characteristics and mental health of Hispanic dementia caregivers in New York City. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias, 30, 584–590.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Markides, K. S., & Rote, S. (2014/2015). Aging, minority status, and disability. Generations, 38, 19–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marmot, M. (1996). The social pattern of health and disease. In D. Blane, E. Brunner, & R. Wilkinson (Eds.), Health and social organization: Towards a health policy for the twenty-first century (pp. 42–67). London, UK: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marquez, D. X., Bustamante, E. E., Aguiñaga, S., & Hernandez, R. (2015). BAILAMOS: Development, pilot testing, and future directions of a Latin dance program for older Latinos. Health Education & Behavior, 42, 604–610.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, I. L. (2002). The elder in the Cuban American family: Making sense of the real and ideal. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 359–375.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, I. L., Baron, A., Largaespada, V., Ceruto, J., & Chaves, P. H. (2017). Prevalence of depression and its related social factors among Hispanic older adults. Gerontologist, 56, 90–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, I. L., Crooks, D., Kim, K. S., & Tanner, E. (2011). Invisible civic engagement among older adults: Valuing the contributions of informal volunteering. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 26, 23–37.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, I. L., Frick, K., Glass, T. A., Carlson, M., Tanner, E., Ricks, M., & Fried, L. P. (2006). Engaging older adults in high impact volunteering that enhances health: Recruitment and retention in the Experience Corps® Baltimore. Journal of Urban Health, 83’, 941–953.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, I. L., Kim, K., Tanner, E., Fried, L. P., & Seeman, T. (2009). Ethnic and class variations in promoting social activities among older adults. Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 33, 96–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, I. L., & Varella, M. (2017). Latino population trends and late-life disability in Florida and the Northeast. Unpublished manuscript.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendes de Leon, C. F., Eschbach, K., & Markides, K. S. (2011). Population trends and late-life disability in Hispanics from the Midwest. Journal of Aging and Health, 23, 1166–1188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullan, J. T. (1993). Barriers to the use of formal services among Alzheimer’s caregivers (pp. 241–259). Caregiving systems: Informal and formal helpers.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Association of Area Agencies on Aging. (2017a). Local leaders in aging and community living. Washington, DC: National Association of Area Agencies on Aging. https://www.n4a.org/content.asp?contentid=287.

  • National Association of Area Agencies on Aging. (2017b). National Survey of Area Agencies on Aging: 2017 (Report and Toolkit). https://www.n4a.org/2017aaasurvey.

  • National Cancer Institute. (2016). Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) cancer statistics. https://seer.cancer.gov/explorer/application.php.

  • National Partnership for Women and Families. (2018). Fact sheet. Latinas and the wage gap. http://www.nationalpartnership.org/research-library/workplace-fairness/fair-pay/latinas-wage-gap.pdf.

  • Noël, P. H., Williams, J. W., Unützer, J., Worchel, J., Lee, S., Cornell, J., et al. (2004). Depression and comorbid illness in elderly primary care patients: Impact on multiple domains of health status and well-being. Annals of Family Medicine, 2, 555–562.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Palloni, A., McEniry, M., Wong, R., & Pelaez, M. (2006). The tide to come: Elderly health in Latin America and the Caribbean. Journal of Aging and Health, 18, 180–206.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pearlin, L. I., Mullan, J. T., Semple, S. J., & Skaff, M. M. (1990). Caregiving and the stress process: An overview of concepts and their measures. The gerontologist, 30(5), 583–594.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peek, M. K., Howrey, B. T., Ternent, R. S., Ray, L. A., & Ottenbacher, K. J. (2012). Social support, stressors, and frailty among older Mexican American adults. Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 67, 755–764.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quesnel-Vallée, A., Farrah, J. S., & Jenkins, T. (2011). Population aging, health systems, and equity: Shared challenges for the United States and Canada. Handbook of sociology of aging (pp. 563–581). New York, NY: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raji, M. A., Snih, S. A., Ray, L. A., Patel, K. V., & Markides, K. S. (2004). Cognitive status and incident disability in older Mexican Americans: Findings from the Hispanic established population for the epidemiological study of the elderly. Ethnicity and Disease, 14, 26–31.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Randi, G., Franceschi, S., & La Vecchia, C. (2006). Gallbladder cancer worldwide: Geographical distribution and risk factors. International Journal of Cancer, 118, 1591–1602.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rieker, P. P., & Bird, C. E. (2005). Rethinking gender differences in health: Why we need to integrate social and biological perspectives. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 60(Special Issue 2), S40–S47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez-Galan, M. B., & Falcón, L. M. (2009). Perceived problems with access to medical care and depression among older Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, other Hispanics, and a comparison group of non-Hispanic Whites. Journal of Aging and Health, 21, 501–518.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1997). Successful aging. The gerontologist, 37(4), 433–440.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz, M. E. (2012). Latino elders reframing familismo: Implications for health and caregiving support. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 19, 50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, D., & Taylor, J. (2009). Living alone and depressive symptoms: The influence of gender, physical disability, and social support among Hispanic and non-Hispanic older adults. Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 64, 95–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabogal, F., Marín, G., Otero-Sabogal, R., Marín, B. V., & Perez-Stable, E. J. (1987). Hispanic familism and acculturation: What changes and what doesn’t? Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 9, 397–412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schim, S. M., & Doorenbos, A. Z. (2010). A three-dimensional model of cultural congruence: Framework for intervention. Journal of Social Work in End-of-Life & Palliative Care, 6, 256–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneiderman, N., Llabre, M., Cowie, C. C., Barnhart, J., Carnethon, M., Gallo, L. C., et al. (2014). Prevalence of diabetes among Hispanics/Latinos from diverse backgrounds: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Diabetes Care, 37, 2233–2239.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sheftel, M. G. (2017). Prevalence of disability among Hispanic immigrant populations: New evidence from the American community survey. Population Review, 56(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, R. L., Fedewa, S. A., Miller, K. D., Goding‐Sauer, A., Pinheiro, P. S., Martinez‐Tyson, D., & Jemal, A. (2015). Cancer statistics for Hispanics/Latinos, 2015. CA: Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 65, 457–480.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer, P. (1990). The riddled course: Theories of age and its transformations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephens, M. A. P. (1993). Understanding barriers to caregivers’ use of formal services: The caregiver’s perspective. Caregiving systems: Informal and formal helpers (pp 261–272).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang, M. X., Cross, P., Andrews, H., Jacobs, D. M., Small, S., Bell, K., et al. (2001). Incidence of AD in African-Americans, Caribbean Hispanics, and Caucasians in northern Manhattan. Neurology, 56, 49–56.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tervalon, M., & Murray-Garcia, J. (1998). Cultural humility vs. cultural competence: A critical distinction in defining physician training outcomes in multicultural education. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 9, 117–125.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tirodkar, M. A., Song, J., Chang, R. W., Dunlop, D. D., & Chang, H. J. (2008). Racial and ethnic differences in activities of daily living disability among the elderly: The case of Spanish speakers. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 89, 1262–1266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2007.11.042.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, K. L., Falcon, L. M., Bianchi, L. A., Cacho, E., & Bermudez, O. I. (2000). Self-reported prevalence and health correlates of functional limitation among Massachusetts elderly. Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 55, M90–M97.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • United States Department of Justice. (2009). American With Disabilities Act of 1990, As Amended. United States Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division. https://www.ada.gov/pubs/adastatute08.htm#12102.

  • United States Census Bureau (2010). American Community Survey (ACS), 2010. https://www.census.gov/people/disability/%20methodology/acs.html.

  • United States Census Bureau (2015). American Community Survey (ACS), 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, L. M., Theou, O., Pena, F., Rockwood, K., & Andrew, M. K. (2015). Social vulnerability as a predictor of mortality and disability: Cross-country differences in the survey of health, aging, and retirement in Europe (SHARE). Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 27, 365–372.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, F. M., Cazorla-Lancaster, Y., & Jones, R. N. (2008). Within-group differences in depression among older Hispanics living in the United States. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 63, P27–P32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zammitti, E. P., Cohen, R. A., & Martinez, M. E. (2016). Health insurance coverage: Early release of estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, January–June 2016. Washington, DC: National Center for Health Statistics. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur201611.pdf.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Iveris L. Martinez .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Martinez, I.L., Baron, A. (2020). Aging and Health in the Latinx Population in the USA: Changing Demographics, Social Vulnerabilities, and the Aim of Quality of Life. In: Martínez, A., Rhodes, S. (eds) New and Emerging Issues in Latinx Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24043-1_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24043-1_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-24042-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-24043-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics