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Divergent Dilemma: The Reconceptualization and Critical Use of Acculturation in Latinx Health Research

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New and Emerging Issues in Latinx Health

Abstract

In this chapter, I delineate the historical and theoretical foundations of acculturation in anthropology, sociology, and psychology; identify popular measures of acculturation; and outline their critiques. After this multidisciplinary refresher, I explore how the process of acculturation can be conceptualized and investigated in relation to one health outcome commonly examined in Latinx health: obesity. My approach departs from stereotypes, acknowledges pre-immigration conditions, and captures the host context. My goal is to provide an example of how to conceptualize the process of acculturation specific to distinct health outcomes. I end by arguing that addressing the problems of acculturation in health research and creating new conceptualizations may help us resolve our divergent dilemma and produce research that provides meaningful information about Latinx health inequalities, both in the United States and abroad.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The term “US-American” implies the heterogeneous nature of what American culture represents. Many persons from Latin America consider themselves American, as they are from the American continent. However, in acculturation and health research, the term “American culture” is used as the baseline of comparison without defining which nation represents American culture, or within the context of the United States, which region the immigrants or racial/ethnic minorities are from.

    2. Foodways are different from diets because it is not solely the food that is of empirical focus, but also the cultural, social, and economic practices that shape the production and consumption of food. In this case, health researchers have often omitted the meanings, rituals, cultural practices, and significance that food has for Latinx persons. The focus has been more on what they eat and not how they eat.

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  1. School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA

    Airín D. Martínez

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  1. Airín D. Martínez
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  1. Department of Health Promotion and Policy, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA

    Airín D. Martínez

  2. Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

    Scott D. Rhodes

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Martínez, A.D. (2020). Divergent Dilemma: The Reconceptualization and Critical Use of Acculturation in Latinx Health Research. In: Martínez, A., Rhodes, S. (eds) New and Emerging Issues in Latinx Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24043-1_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24043-1_15

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