Skip to main content

Congenital Defects of the Human Heart: Nomenclature and Anatomy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology, and Devices

Abstract

There are numerous congenital defects of the human heart and many typically require medical intervention. The primary goal of this chapter is to briefly define such abnormalities and introduce the reader to the various classification schemes that have been used to describe their relative anatomic and functional features.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Van Praagh R. Terminology of congenital heart disease: Glossary and commentary. Circulation 1977;56:139.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Van Praagh R, Vlad P. Dextrocardia, mesocardia, and levocardia: The segmental approach in congenital Heart disease. In: Keith JD, Rowe RD, Vlad P, eds. Heart disease in infancy and childhood. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Seo JW, Brown NA, Ho SY, Anderson RH. Abnormal laterality and congenital cardiac anomalies. Relations of visceral and cardiac morphologies in the mouse. Circulation 1992;86:642–50.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Anderson RH. Sinus kenosis interfacial communication and sinus node problems. Am J Cardiol 1987;59:724.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Shunmacker HB, King H, Waldhausen JA. The persistent left superior vena cava. Surgical implications, with special reference to caval drainage into the left atrium. Ann Surg 1967;165:797.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Wilcox BR, Cook AC, Anderson RH. Abnormal segmental connections. In: Wilcox, BR, Cook AC, Anderson RH, eds. Surgical anatomy of the heart. 3rd ed. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2005:157–70.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Van Praagh R, Geva AT, Kreutzer J. Ventricular septal defects: How shall we describe, name and classify them? J Am Coll Cardiol 1989;14:1298–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Mace L, Dervanian P, Le Bret E, et al. “Swiss cheese” septal defects: Surgical closure using a single patch with intermediate fixings. Ann Thorac Surg 1999;67:1754–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Becker AE, Anderson RH. Atrioventricular septal defects: What’s in a name? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1982;83:461–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Wilcox BR, Cook AC, Anderson RH. Abnormal segmental connections. In: Wilcox, BR, Cook AC, Anderson RH, eds. Surgical anatomy of the heart. 3rd ed. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2005:141–57.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Penkoske PA, Neches WH, Anderson RH, Zuberbuhler JR. Further observations on the morphology of atrioventricular septal defects. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1985;90:611–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kutsche LM, Van Mierop LHS. Anatomy and pathogenesis of aortopulmonary septal defects. Am J Cardiol 1987;59:442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Mori K, Ando M, Takao A. Distal type of aortopulmonary window: Report of 4 cases. Br Heart J 1978;40:681–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bonnet LM. Congenital stenosis of the aorta. REV Med Paris 1903;104:227–30.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Amato JJ, Galdier RJ, Cotroneo JV. Role of extended aortoplasty related to the definition of coarctation of the aorta. AM Thorac Surg 1991;52:615–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Celoria GC, Pattern RP. Congenital absence of the aortic arch. Am Heart J 1959;58:407–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Van Praagh R, Van Praagh S, Nebesar R, Muster A, Sachehida N, Paul M. Tetralogy of Fallot: Underdevelopment of the pulmonary infundibulum and its sequelae. Am J Cardiol 1970;26:25–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Tchervenkov C, Roy N. Congenital heart surgery nomenclature and database project: Pulmonary atresia-ventricular septal defect. Ann Thorac Surg 2000;69:S97–105.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Wilcox BR, Cook AC, Anderson RH. Abnormal segmental connections. In: Wilcox, BR, Cook AC, Anderson RH, eds. Surgical anatomy of the heart. 3rd ed. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2005:229–36.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Edwards WS, Burchell HB. Congenital tricuspid atresia: A classification. Med Clin North Am 1949;33:1117–96.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kuhne M. Ulber zwei salle congenitally amnesia des ostium venosum dextnmA. Jahrbuch fur kinderheikunde und physicks erziehung 1906;63:235.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Anderson KR, Zuberbuhler JR, Anderson RH. Morphologic spectrum of Ebstein’s anomaly of the heart: A review. Mayo Clin Proc 1979;54:174–80.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Carpentier A, Chauvaud S, Mace L. A new reconstructive operation for Ebstein’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1988;96:92–101.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Darling RC, Rothney WB, Craig JM. Total pulmonary venous drainage into the right side of the heart: Report of 17 autopsied cases not associated with other major cardiovascular anomalies. Lab Invest 1957;6:44–64.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Anderson R, Thiene G. Categorization and description of hearts with a common arterial trunk. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1989;3:481–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Collett RW, Edwards JE. Persistent trances arterioles: A classification according to anatomic types. Surg Clin North Am 1949;29:1245.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to James D. Louis .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Louis, J.D. (2009). Congenital Defects of the Human Heart: Nomenclature and Anatomy. In: Iaizzo, P. (eds) Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology, and Devices. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-372-5_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-372-5_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-60327-371-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-372-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics