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Hyperglycemia-Initiated Mechanisms in Diabetic Neuropathy

  • Chapter
Diabetic Neuropathy

Part of the book series: Clinical Diabetes ((CLD))

Abstract

Peripheral diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is one of the most devastating complications of diabetes mellitus. The pathogenesis of PDN involves hyperglycemia-initiated mechanisms as well as other factors, i.e., impaired insulin signaling, hypertension, disturbances of fatty acid and lipid metabolism. This review describes new findings in animal and cell culture models:

  1. 1.

    Supporting the importance of previously established hyperglycemia-initiated mechanisms, such as increased aldose reductase activity, nonenzymatic glycation/glycoxidation, activation of protein kinase-C, and enhanced oxidative stress;

  2. 2.

    Addressing the role of nitrosative stress and downstream effectors of oxidative-nitrosative injury, such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, cyclooxygenase-2 activation, activation of nuclear factor-κB, and impaired Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling; and

  3. 3.

    Suggesting the contribution of two newly discovered mechanisms, such as 12/15-lipoxygenase activation and Na+/H+-exchanger-1 activation, in PDN.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA

    Irina G. Obrosova PhD

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  1. Irina G. Obrosova PhD
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  1. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

    Aristidis Veves MD, DSc

  2. Manchester Royal Infirmary and University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    Rayaz A. Malik MBChB, PhD

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© 2007 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

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Obrosova, I.G. (2007). Hyperglycemia-Initiated Mechanisms in Diabetic Neuropathy. In: Veves, A., Malik, R.A. (eds) Diabetic Neuropathy. Clinical Diabetes. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-311-0_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-311-0_5

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