Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Training Parent-Child Interactions

  • Chapter
The Effects of Autism on the Family

Part of the book series: Current Issues in Autism ((CIAM))

Abstract

Given the severe behavioral deficits and bizarre behavioral excesses so characteristic of autism, it is not surprising that these children present one of the most serious challenges facing child therapists and educators. Many of these children who fail to receive specialized treatment are eventually placed in out-of-home (typically institutional) environments. One major reason for placement out of the home is that most parents simply are unable to cope with their child’s behavior. The challenge of autism is certainly most strongly felt by the family. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss and assess the effect that a parent-training program can have on various aspects of family functioning.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Reference Notes

  1. Burke, J. C. Collateral effects of parent-training on the daily interactions of families with autistic children. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Baker, B. L., and Heifetz, L. J. Manpower and methodology in behavior modification: Parents as teachers one year after training. Paper presented at the meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, San Francisco, December 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Brightman, R. P., Baker, B. L., Clark, D. C, and Ambrose, S. A. Effectiveness of alternative parent training formats. Unpublished manuscript, University of California, Los Angeles, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Britten, K. R. A two part review of parent training: The comparison of operant parent-training procedures and the social validation of parent training. Unpublished manuscript, University of Kansas, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Klaila, D. A. Parental satisfaction with clinic treatment and parent training in the treatment of autistic children. Unpublished master’s thesis, Claremont Graduate School, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Schreibman, L., Koegel, R. L., Klaila, D. A., Burke, J. C, Webb, J., and Parker, S. Parent satisfaction of parent-training as a treatment for autistic children. Sixteenth Annual Convention of the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Los Angeles, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

References

  • Arnold, S., Sturgis, E., and Forehand, R. Training a parent to teach communication skills: A case study. Behavior Modification, 1977, 1, 259–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, B. L., Brightman, A. L., Heifetz, L. J., and Murphy, D. M. Steps to independence—A skills training series for children with special needs: Early self-help skills. Champaign, Ill.: Research Press, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, B. Behavior modification in the home: Parents adapt laboratory-developed tactics to bowel-training a 5.5 year-old Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 1969, 6, 172–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berk, R. A., and Berk, S. F. Labor and leisure at home: Content and organization of the household day. Beverly Hills: Sage, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkowitz, B. P., and Graziano, A. M. Training parents as behavior therapists: A review. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 1972, 10, 297–317.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bettelheim, B. Childhood schizophrenia as a reaction to extreme situations. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1956, 26, 507–518.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burgess, E. W., and Cottrell, L., Jr. Predicting success or failure in marriage. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1939.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, A., Rutter, M., Newman, S., and Bartak, L. A comparative study of infantile autism and a specific developmental receptive language disorder. II Parental characteristics. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1975, 126, 146–159.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crowley, C. P., and Armstrong, P. M. Positive practice, over correction, and behavior rehearsal in the treatment of three cases of encopresis. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 1977, 8, 411–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crozier, J., and Katz, R. C. Social learning treatment of child abuse. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 1979, 10, 213–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeMyer, M., Pontius, W.-, Norton, J. Barton, S., Allen, J., and Steele, R. Parental practices and innate activity in autistic and brain-damaged infants. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1972, 2, 49–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flanagan, S., Adams, H. E., and Forehand, R. A comparison of four instructional techniques for teaching parents to use time-out. Behavior Therapy, 1979, 10, 94–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forehand, R., and Atkinson, B. M. Generality of treatment effects with parents as therapists: A review of assessment and implementation procedures. Behavior Therapy, 1977, 8, 575–593.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forehand, R., and King, H. E. Noncompliant children: Effects of parent training on behavior and attitude change. Behavior Modification, 1977, 1, 93–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fowler, S. A., Johnson, M. R., Whitman, T. L., and Zukotynski, G. Teaching a parent in the home to train self-help skills and increase compliance in her profoundly retarded adult daughter. AAESPH Review, 1978, 3, 151–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frederiksen, L. W., Jenkins, J. O., and Carr, C. R. Indirect modification of adolescent drug abuse using contingency contracting. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 1976, 7, 377–378.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glogower, F., and Sloop, W. E. Two strategies of group training of parents as effective behavior modifiers. Behavior Therapy, 1976, 7, 177–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, A., Heller, K., and Sechrist, C. Psychotherapy and the psychology of behavior change. New York: Wiley, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, R. V. Managing behavior, (Vols. a, b, and c). Lawrence, Kans.: H & H Enterprises, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heifetz, L. J. Behavioral training for parents of retarded children: Alternative formats based on instructional manuals. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 1977, 82, 194–203.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hewett, F. M. Teaching speech to an autistic child through operant conditioning. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1965, 35, 927–936.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, C. A., and Katz, R. C. Using parents as change agents for their children: A review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1973, 14, 181–200.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M. R., Whitman, T. L., and Barloon-Nobel, R. A home-based program for a preschool behaviorally disturbed child with parents as therapists. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 1978, 9, 65–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanner, L. Problems of nosology and psychodynamics of early infantile autism. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1949, 19, 416–426.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, M. L., Embry, L. H., and Baer, D. M. Skills for child management and family support: Training parents for maintenance. Behavior Modification, 1979, 3, 373–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, R. L., and Schreibman, L. How to teach autistic and other severely handicapped children. Lawrence, Kans.: H & H Enterprises, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, R. L., Glahn, T. J., and Nieminen, G. S. Generalization of parent training results. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1978, 11, 95–109.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, R. L., Russo, D. C, and Rincover, A. Assessing and training teachers in the generalized use of behavior modification with autistic children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1977, 10, 197–205.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, R. L., Schreibman, L., O’Neill, R. E., and Burke, J. C. Personality and family interaction characteristics of families with autistic children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1983, 51, 683–692.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kovitz, K. E. Comparing group and individual methods for training parents in child management techniques. In E. J. Mash, L. C. Handy, and Hamerlynck (Eds.), Behavior modification approaches to parenting. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozloff, M. Reaching the autistic child: A parent training program. Champaign, Ill.: Research Press, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Locke, H. J., and Wallace, K. M. Short marital adjustment prediction tests: Their reliability and validity. Marriage and Family Living, 1959, 21, 251–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lotter, V. Epidemiology of autistic conditions in young children II. Some characteristics of the parents and children. Social Psychiatry, 1967, 1, 163–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lovaas, O. I., Koegel, R. L., Simmons, J. Q., and Long, J. S. Some generalization and follow-up measures on autistic children in behavior therapy. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1973, 6, 131–166.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McAdoo, G. W., and DeMyer, M. K. Personality characteristics of parents. In M. Rutter and E. Schopler (Eds.), Autism: A reappraisal of concepts and treatment. New York: Plenum, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMahon, R. J., and Forehand, R. Nonprescription behavior therapy: Effectiveness of a brochure in teaching mothers to correct their children’s inappropriate mealtime behaviors. Behavior Therapy, 1978, 9, 814–820.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McMahon, R. J., Forehand, R., and Griest, D. L. Effects of knowledge of social learning principles on enhancing treatment outcome and generalization in a parent training program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1981, 49, 526–532.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moos, R. H., Insel, P. M., and Humphrey, B. Combined preliminary manual for the family, work, and group environment scales. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moreland, J. R., Schwebel, A. I., Beck, S., and Wells, R. Parents as therapists: A review of the behavior therapy parent training literature—1975 to 1981. Behavior Modification, 1982, 6, 250–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nay, W. R. A systematic comparison of instructional techniques for parents. Behavior Therapy, 1975, 6, 14–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nye, F. I., and MacDougall, E. The dependent variable in marital research. Pacific Sociological Review, 1959, 2, 67–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Dell, S. Training parents in behavior modification: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 1974, 81, 418–433.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Dell, S., Flynn, J., and Benlolo, L. A comparison of parent training techniques in child behavior modification. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 1977, 8, 261–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Deli, S. L., Krug, W. W., O’Quin, J. A., and Kasnetz, M. Media-assisted parent training—A further analysis. Behavior Therapist, 1980, 3, 19–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Dell, S. L., Krug, W. W., Patterson, J. N., and Faustman, W. O. An assessment of methods for training parents on the use of time-out. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 1980, 11, 21–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Dell, S. L., Mahoney, N. D., Horton, W. G., and Turner, P. E. Media-assisted parent training: Alternative models. Behavior Therapy, 1979, 16, 103–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Dell, S. L., O’Quin, J. A., Alford, B. A., O’Briant, A. L., Bradlyn, A. S., and Giebenhain, J. E. Predicting the acquisition of parenting skills via four training methods. Behavior Therapy, 1982, 13, 194–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orden, S., & Bradburn, N. Dimensions of marriage happiness. American Journal of Sociology, 1968, 23, 715–731.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peed, S., Roberts, M., and Forehand, R. Evaluation of the effectiveness of a standardized parent training program in altering the interaction of mothers and their noncompliant children. Behavior Modification, 1977, 1, 323–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Resinger, J. J., Ora, J. P., and Frangia, G. W. Parents as change agents for their children: A review. Journal of Community Psychology, 1976, 4, 103–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rincover, A., and Koegel, R. L. Setting generality and stimulus control in autistic children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1975, 8, 235–246.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Risley, T. R., and Wolf, M. Establishing functional speech in echolalic children. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 1967, 5, 73–88.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schopler, E., and Loftin, J. Thought disorders in parents of psychotic children: A function of test anxiety. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1969, 20, 174–181.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schopler, E., and Reichler, R. J. Developmental therapy by parents with their own autistic child. In M. Rutter (Ed.), Infantile autism: Concepts, characteristics, and treatment. London: Churchill-Livingstone, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schreibman, L., and Koegel, R. A guideline for planning behavior modification programs for autistic children. In S. Turner, K. Calhoun, and H. Adams (Eds.), Handbook of clinical behavior therapy. New York: Wiley, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schreibman, L., Koegel, R. L., and Britten, K. R. Proceedings of the XIIth Banff International Conference on Behavior Sciences: Essentials of behavior treatment for families. New York: Brunner/Mazel, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spanier, G. B. Measuring dyadic adjustment: New scales for assessing the quality of marriage and similar dyads. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1976, 38, 15–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tahmisian, J., and McReynolds, W. Use of parents as behavioral engineers in the treatment of a school phobic girl. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 1971, 18, 225–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taplin, P. Changes in parental consequences as a function of intervention. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Wisconsin, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahler, R. G. Setting generality: Some specific and general effects of child behavior therapy. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1969, 2, 239–246.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, L. S. Child behavior modification: A manual for teachers, nurses and parents. New York: Pergamon Press, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells, K. C., and Forehand, R. Child behavior problems in the home. In S. M. Turner, K. Calhoun, and H. E. Adams (Eds.), Handbook of behavior therapy. New York: Wiley, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing, J. K., O’Conner, N., and Lotter, V. Autistic conditions in early childhood: A survey in Middlesex. British Medical Journal, 1967, 3, 389–392.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wing, L. Autistic children: A guide for parents. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, W. M., and Morris, L. A. Intellectual and personality characteristics of parents of autistic children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1971, 2, 155–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zangwill, W. M., and Kniskern, J. R. Comparison of problem families in the clinic and at home. Behavior Therapy, 1982, 13, 145–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Psychology Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA

    Laura Schreibman

  2. Social Process Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA

    Robert L. Koegel

  3. Psychology Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA

    Debra L. Mills

  4. Speech Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA

    John C. Burke

Authors
  1. Laura Schreibman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Robert L. Koegel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Debra L. Mills
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. John C. Burke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division TEACCH, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 310 Medical School Wing E, 222H, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27514, USA

    Eric Schopler  & Gary B. Mesibov  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schreibman, L., Koegel, R.L., Mills, D.L., Burke, J.C. (1984). Training Parent-Child Interactions. In: Schopler, E., Mesibov, G.B. (eds) The Effects of Autism on the Family. Current Issues in Autism. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2293-9_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2293-9_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-2295-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-2293-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation