Skip to main content

Cognitive—Behavioral Treatment of Postconcussion Syndrome

A Therapist’s Manual

  • Chapter
Sourcebook of Psychological Treatment Manuals for Adult Disorders

Abstract

Postconcussion Syndrome (PCS) is a disorder that occurs following about 75% to 80% of all mild head injuries (Alves, Colohan, O’Leary, Rimel, & Jane, 1986; Rimel, Girodani, Barth, Boll, & Jane, 1981). Whereas severe head injury generally produces neuropsychological deficits in memory and intellectual function, mild concussion can result in more subtle disruptions in daily functioning in the months following head trauma. This consistent cluster of postconcussive symptoms includes difficulty with attention and concentration, disturbances in memory, headache, vertigo, anxiety, depression, fatigue, irritability, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light (Mittenberg, DiGiulio, Perrin, & Bass, 1992; World Health Organization, 1978). Given that nearly 325,000 head injuries that annually occur in the United States are classified as mild (Levin, Eisenberg, & Benton, 1989), design of effective treatment for PCS appears warranted.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alves, W. M., Colohan, A. R., O’Leary, T. J., Rimel, R. W., Jane, J. A. (1986). Understanding post-traumatic symptoms after minor head injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 1, 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ascher, L. M. (1981). Employing paradoxical intention in the treatment of agoraphobia. Behavior Research and Therapy, 19, 533–547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barlow, D. H. (1988). Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cautela, J., & Kastenbaum, R. (1967). A reinforcement survey schedule for use in therapy, training, and research. Psychological Reports, 20, 1115–1130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, J. B. (1969). Effects of minor head injuries sustained in sports and the postconcussional syndrome. In A. E. Walker, W. F. Caveness, & M. Critchley (Eds.), The late effects of head injury (pp. 408–413). Springfield, IL: Thomas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, J. B. (1972). The postconcussional syndrome and factors influencing recovery after minor head injury admitted to hospital. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 4, 27–30.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cormier, W. H., & Cormier, L. S. (1985). Interviewing strategies for helpers: Fundamental skills and cognitive behavioral interventions (2nd ed.). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deffenbacher, J., Demm, P., & Brandon, A. (1986). High general anger: Correlates and treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 481–489.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eifert, G. H., & Craill, L. (1989). The relationship between affect, behavior, and cognition in behavioral and cognitive treatments of depression and phobic anxiety. Behavior Change, 6, 96–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elder, J. P., Edelstein, B. A., & Fremouw, W. J. (1981). Client by treatment interactions in response acquisition and cognitive restructuring approaches. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 5, 203–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, A., Pretzer, J., Fleming, B., & Simon, K. M. (1990). Clinical applications of cognitive therapy. New York: Plenum Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Garfield, S. L., & Bergin, A. E. (1986). Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gormally, J., Varvilweld, D., Raphael R. & Sipps, G. (1981). Treatment of socially anxious college men using cognitive counseling and skills training. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28, 147–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gouvier, W. D., Cubic, B., Jones, G., Brantley, P., & Cutlip, Q. (1992). Postconcussion symptoms and daily stress in normal and head-injured college populations. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 7, 193–211.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, K. (1984). Stress management training for Type A individuals. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 15, 133–140.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huey, S. R., & West, S. G. (1983). Hyperventilation: Its relation to symptom experience and to anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 92, 422–432.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, H. S., Benton, A. L., & Grossman, R. G. (1982). Neurobehavioral consequences of closed head injury. New York: Oxford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, H. S., Eisenberg, H. M., & Benton, A. L. (1989). Mild head injury. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, H. S., Mattis, S., Ruff, R. M., Eisenber, H. M., Marshall, L. F., & Tabaddor, K. (1987). Neurobehavioral outcome following minor head injury: A three-center study. Journal of Neurosurgery, 66, 234–243.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewinsohn, P. M. (1974). A behavioral approach to depression. In R. M. Friedman & M. M. Katz (Eds.), The psychology of depression: Contemporary theory and research. Washington D.C.: Winston-Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ley, R. (1985). Blood, breath, and fears: A hyperventilation theory of panic attacks and agoraphobia. Clinical Psychology Review, 5, 271–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mandler, G. (1982). Stress and thought processes. In L. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects (pp. 88–104). New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLean, A., Dikman, S., Temkin, N., Wyler, A. R., & Gale, J. L. (1984). Psychological functioning at one month after head injury. Neurosurgery, 14, 393–399.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McLean, A., Temkin N. R., Dikmen, S., & Wyler, A. R. (1983). The behavioral sequelae of head injury. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 5, 361–376.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meichenbaum, D. H. (1977). Cognitive behavior modification: An integrative approach. New York: Plenum Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, H. (1961). Accident neurosis. British Medical Journal, 1, 919–925.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mittenberg, W., & Burton, D. B. (1994). A survey of treatments for postconcussion syndrome. Brain Injury, 8, 429–437.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mittenberg, W., DiGiulio, D. V., Perrin, S., & Bass, A. E. (1992). Symptoms following mild head injury: Expectation as aetilogy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 55, 157–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mittenberg, W., Zielinski, R., & Fichera, S. (1993). Recovery from mild head injury: A treatment manual for patients. Psychotherapy in Private Practice, 12, 37–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rimel, R. W., Girodani, B., Barth, J. T., Boll, T. J., & Jane, J. A. (1981). Disability caused by minor head injury. Neurosurgery, 9, 221–228.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rutherford, W. H., Merrett, J. D., & McDonald, J. R. (1979). Symptoms at one year following concussion from minor head injuries. Injury, 10, 225–230.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salkovskis, P. M., Warwick, H. M. C., Clark, D. M., & Wessels, D. L. (1986). A demonstration of acute hyperventilation during naturally occurring panic attacks. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 91–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, M. (1987). Biofeedback: A practitioner’s guide. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suinn, R. M. (1990). Anxiety management training: A behavior therapy. New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suinn, R., & Vattano, F. (1979). Stress management for tension headache. Unpublished manuscript, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweeney, G. A., & Horan, J. J. (1982). Separate and combined effects of cue-controlled relaxation and cognitive restructuring in the treatment of medical performance anxiety. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29, 486–497.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, J., Griebstein, M., & Kuhlenschmidt, S. (1980). Effects of EMG biofeedback and relaxation training in the prevention of academic underachievement. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27, 97–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (1978). Mental disorders: Glossary and guide to their classification in accordance with the 9th revision of the international classification of diseases. Geneva: World Health Organization.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ferguson, R.J., Mittenberg, W. (1996). Cognitive—Behavioral Treatment of Postconcussion Syndrome. In: Van Hasselt, V.B., Hersen, M. (eds) Sourcebook of Psychological Treatment Manuals for Adult Disorders. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1528-3_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1528-3_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1530-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1528-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics