Abstract
The publication of this volume is somewhat ironic. It exposes the concept of shyness to the merciless scrutiny of a large group of strangers—the very situation that shy individuals find most distressing. Whether this scrutiny uncovers new aspects of shyness, or results in its further retreat, may depend on our strategy in approaching this elusive construct. In this chapter, we propose that shyness may be cautiously but productively approached as a specific quality of emotion experience.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Amsterdam, B. K., Levitt, M. (1980). Consciousness of self and painful self-consciousness. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 35, 67–83.
Arend, R., Gove, F. L., Sroufe, L. A. (1979). Continuity of individual adaptation from infancy to kindergarten. Child Development, 50, 950–959.
Babad, Y. E., Alexander, I. E., Babad, E. Y. (1983). Returning the smile of the stranger: Developmental patterns and socialization factors. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 48 (5), 203.
Bartlett, E. S., Izard, C. E. (1972). A dimensional and discrete emotions investigation of the subjective experience of emotion. In C. E. Izard (Ed.), Patterns of emotions: A new analysis of anxiety and depression (pp. 129–173 ). New York: Academic Press.
Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression. New York: Harper Row.
Brazelton, T. B. (1973). Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. Clinics on Developmental Medicine, No. 50. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott.
Brazelton, T. B., Koslowski, B., Main, M. (1974). The origins of reciprocity: The early mother-infant interaction. In M. Lewis L. A. Rosenblum (Eds.) The effect of the infant on its caregiver (pp. 49–76 ). New York: Wiley.
Bretherton, I., Ainsworth, M. D.S. (1974). Responses of one-year-olds to a stranger in a strange situation. In M. Lewis L. A. Rosenblum (Eds.) The origins of fear (pp. 131–164 ). New York: Wiley.
Bronson, G. W. (1972). Infants’ reactions to unfamiliar persons and novel objects. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 37 (3, Serial No. 148).
Bronson, G. W. (1978). Aversive reactions to strangers: A dual process interpretation. Child Development, 49, 495–499.
Buss, A. H. (1979). Self-consciousness and social anxiety. San Francisco: Freeman.
Buss, A. H., Plomin, R. (1975). A temperament theory of personality development. New York: Wiley.
Campos, J. J., Caplovitz, K. S. (1984). A new understanding of biological and cognitive influences
on emotional development. In C. E. Izard, J. Kagan, and R. Zajonc (Eds.) Emotion, cognition, behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Cheek, J. M., Buss, A. H. (1981). Shyness and sociability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41 (2), 330–339.
Darwin, C. (1872). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. New York: Appleton.
Davidson, R. J., Fox, N. A. (1982). Asymmetrical brain activity discriminates between positive and negative affective stimuli in human infants. Science, 218, 1235–1237.
Ekman, P., Friesen, W. (1978). Manual for the facial affect coding system. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
Fox, N., Davidson, R. (1984). The psychobiology of affective development. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Gaensbauer, T. J., Connell, J. P. Schultz, L. A. (1983). Emotion and attachment: Interrelationships in a structured laboratory paradigm. Developmental Psychology, 19, 815–831.
Goldsmith, H. H. (1983). Genetic influences on personality from infancy to adulthood. Child Development, 54, 331–355.
Greenberg, M. T., Marvin, R. S. (1982). Reactions of preschool children to an adult stranger: A behavioral systems approach. Child Development, 53, 481–490.
Hinde, R. A., Easton, D. F., Meller, R. E., Tamplin, A. M. (1982). Temperament and behavior. In R. Porter G. M. Collins (Eds.) Temperamental differences in infants and young children. (Ciba Foundation Symposium no. 89 ). London: Pitman.
Hyson, M. C., Izard, C. E. (1985). Emotion-behavior relationships during a brief separation. Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Toronto, Canada.
Hyson, M. C., Izard, C. E. (in press). Continuities and changes in emotion expressions during brief separation at thirteen and eighteen months. Developmental Psychology.
Izard, C. E. (1971). The face of emotion. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Izard, C. E. (Ed.) (1972). Patterns of emotions: A new analysis of anxiety and depression. New York: Academic Press.
Izard, C. E. (1977). Human emotions. New York: Plenum Press.
Izard, C. E. (1979). The maximally discriminative facial movement coding system (Max). Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware, Instructional Resources Center.
Izard, C. E. (Ed.) (1982). Measuring emotions in infants and children. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Izard, C. E. (1984). Emotion-cognition relationships and human development. In C. Izard, J. Kagan, R. Zajonc (Eds.) Emotions, cognition, behavior (pp. 17–37 ). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Izard, C. E., Dougherty, L. M. (1980). A system for identifying affect expressions by holistic judgements (Affex). Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware, Instructional Resources Center.
Izard, C. E., Malatesta, C. Z. (1985). Emotional development: A theoretical approach. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Izard, C. E., Hembree, E. A., Huebner, R. R. (1985). Continuities and changes in two to nineteen months old infants’ facial expressions following acute pain. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Jones, W. H., Russell, D. (1982). The social reticence scale: An objective instrument to measure shyness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 46 (6), 629–631.
Kagan, J. (1981). The second year. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Langsdorf, P., Izard, C., Rayias, M., Hembree, E. (1983). Interest expression, visual fixation, and heart rate changes in 2- to 8-month-old infants. Developmental Psychology, 19, (3), 375–386.
Lewis, H. (1971). Shame and guilt in neurosis. New York: International Universities Press.
Lewis, M., Michalson, L. (1983). Children’s emotions and moods: Developmental theory and measurement. New York: Plenum Press.
Lynd, H. M. (1958). On shame and the search for identity. New York: Harcourt, Brace.
Malatesta, C. Z., Haviland, J. M. (1982). Learning display rules: The socialization of emotion expressions in infancy. Child Development, 53, 991–1003.
Malatesta, C. Z., Izard, C. E. (1984). The ontogenesis of human social signals: From biological imperative to symbol utilization. In N. Fox R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The psychobiology of affective development (pp. 161–206 ). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Manstead, A. S. R., Wagner, H. L. (1981). Arousal, cognition, and emotion: An appraisal of two-factor theory. Current Psychological Reviews, 1, 35–54.
Mosher, D. L., White, B. B. (1981). On differentiating shame and shyness. Motivation and Emotion, 5 (1), 61–74.
Murphy, L. (1962). The widening world of childhood: Paths toward mastery. New York: Basic Books.
Pilkonis, P. A. (1977a). Shyness, public and private, and its relationship to other measures of social behavior. Journal of Personality, 45 (4), 585–595.
Pilkonis, P. A. (197Th). The behavioral consequences of shyness. Journal of Personality,45(4), 596611.
Pilkonis, P. A., Zimbardo, P. G. (1979). The personal and social dynamics of shyness. In C. E. Izard (Ed.), Emotions in personality and psychopathology (pp. 133–160 ). New York: Plenum Press.
Schachter, S., Singer, J. (1962). Cognitive, social and physiological determinants of emotional state. Psychological Review, 69 (5), 379–399.
Smith, P. K. (1974). Social and situational determinants of fear in the playgroup. In M. Lewis L. A. Rosenblum (Eds.), The origins of fear (pp. 107–129 ). New York: Wiley.
Spielberger, C. D., Edwards, C. D., Lushene, R. F., Montuori, J., Platsek, D. (1973). STAIC: Preliminary Manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Sroufe, L. A. (1979). Socioemotional development. In J. D. Osofsky (Ed.) Handbook of infant development. New York: Wiley.
Stern, D. N., Bender, E. P. (1974). An ethological study of children approaching a strange adult: Sex differences. In R. C. Friedman, R. M. Richart, R. L. VandeWiele (Eds.) Sex differences in behavior (pp. 233–258 ). New York: Wiley.
Thomas, A., Chess, S. (1977). Temperament and development. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Tomkins, S. S. (1963). Affect, imagery, consciousness (Vol. 2). The negative affects. New York: Springer.
Zahn-Waxler, C., Radke-Yarrow, M., Sr King, R. (1979). Child rearing and children’s prosocial initiations towards victims of distress. Child Development, 50, 319–330.
Zajonc, R. B. (1980). Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences. American Psychologist, 35, 151–175.
Zimbardo, P. G. (1977). Shyness: What it is, what to do about it. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Zimbardo, P. G., Pilkonis, P. A., Norwood, R. M. (1974). The silent prison of shyness. Office of Naval Research Technical Report No. Z-17. Stanford: CA: Stanford University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Izard, C.E., Hyson, M.C. (1986). Shyness as a Discrete Emotion. In: Jones, W.H., Cheek, J.M., Briggs, S.R. (eds) Shyness. Emotions, Personality, and Psychotherapy. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0525-3_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0525-3_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0527-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0525-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive