Abstract
Professionals have used a variety of techniques to evaluate offender characteristics thought to be related to child abuse. Current assessment approaches include the use of interviews, observations, general personality measures, offender-specific measures, and specialized risk assessment models. Offender evaluations are conducted for a variety of reasons, including screening for child abuse risk status, child abuse report confirmation, treatment planning, treatment evaluation, and prediction of reabuse. Unfortunately, as detailed here, supportive psychometric data are frequently lacking on the appropriateness of using available assessment techniques in various evaluation situations. Even when psychometric data exist, information is rarely available on the appropriateness of using different assessment techniques with demographically diverse populations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abel, G. G., Barlow, D. H., Blanchard, E. B., & Mavissakalian, M. (1975). Measurement of sexual arousal in male homosexuals: The effects of instructions and stimulus modality.Archives of Sexual Behavior, 4, 623–629.
Abel, G. G., Becker, J. V., Cunningham-Rathner, J., Rouleau, J. L., Kaplan, M, & Reich, J. (1984). The treatment of child molesters. Atlanta: Emory University Press.
Abel, G. G., Becker, J. V., Murphy, W. D., & Flanagan, B. (1981). Identifying dangerous child molesters. In R. B. Stuart (Ed.),Violent behavior: Special learning approaches to prediction, management, and treatment(pp. 116–137). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Abel, G. G., Blanchard, E. B., & Barlow, D. H. (1981). Measurement of sexual arousal in several paraphilias: The effects of stimulus modality, instructional set and stimulus content on the objective. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 19, 25–33.
Abel, G. G., Gore, D. K., Holland, C. L., Camp, N., Becker, J. V., & Rathner, J. (1989). The measurement of the cognitive distortions of child molesters. Annals of Sex Research, 2, 135–152.
Abidin, R. R. (1995). Parenting Stress Index—Manual(3rd ed.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Acton, R. G., & During, S. M. (1992). Preliminary results of aggression management training for aggressive parents. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 7, 410–417.
Altemeier, W. A., O’Connor, S., Vietz, P. M., Sandler, H. M., & Sherrod, K. B. (1982). Antecedents of child abuse. Journal of Pediatrics, 100, 823–829.
American Psychological Association. (1985). Standards for educational and psychological testing. Washington, DC: Author.
Ammerman, R. T., & Hersen, M. (Eds.). (1992). Assessment of family violence: A clinical and legal sourcebook. New York: Wiley.
Anderson, W. P., & Kunce, J. T. (1979). Sex offenders: Three personality types. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35, 671–676.
Aragona, J. A. (1983). Physical child abuse: An interactional analysis (Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida, 1983). Dissertation Abstracts International, 44, 1225B.
Armentrout, J. A., & Hauer, A. L. (1978). MMPIs of rapists of adults, rapists of children, and non-rapist sex offenders. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34, 330–332.
Arruabarrena, M. I., & De Paul, J. (1992). Validez convergente de la version espanola preliminar del Child Abuse Potential Inventory: Depresion y ajuste marital. Child Abuse & Neglect, 16, 119–126.
Attias, R., & Goodwin, J. (1985). Knowledge and management strategies in incest cases: A survey of physicians, psychologists, and family counselors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 9, 527–533.
Avery-Clark, C. A., & Laws, D. R. (1984). Differential erection response patterns of child sexual abusers to stimuli describing activities with children. Behavior Therapy, 15, 71–83.
Baird, C. (1988). Development of risk assessment indices for the Alaska Department of Health and Social Services. In T. Tatara (Ed.) ,Validation research in CPS risk assessment: Three recent studies(pp. 85–139). Occasional monograph series of APWA Social R&D Department, 2. Washington, DC: American Public Welfare Association.
Barbaree, H. E., & Marshall, W. L. (1988). Deviant sexual arousal, offense history, and demographic variables as predictors of reoffense among child molesters. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 6, 267–280.
Barbaree, H. E., & Marshall, W. L. (1989). Erectile responses among heterosexual child molesters, father-daughter incest offenders and matched nonoffenders: Five distinct age preference profiles. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 21, 70–82.
Barth, R. P. (1989). Evaluation of a task-centered child abuse prevention program. Children and Youth Services Review, 11, 117–131.
Bauer, W. D., & Twentyman, C. T. (1985). Abusing, neglectful, and comparison mothers’ responses to child-related and non-child-related stressors. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 335–343.
Bavolek, S. J. (1984). Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI). Eau Clair, WI: Family Development Resources.
Bavolek, S. J. (1989). Assessing and treating high-risk parenting attitudes. In J. T. Pardeck (Ed.) ,Child abuse and neglect: Theory, research, and practice. (pp97–110). New York: Gordon & Breach.
Baxter, D. J., Marshall, W. L., Barbaree, H. E., Davidson, P. R., & Malcolm, P. B. (1984). Deviant sexual behavior: Differentiating sex offenders by criminal and personal history, psychometric measures, and sexual response. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 11, 477–501.
Bazerman, M. H. (1990). Judgement in managerial decision making(2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.
Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561–571.
Beck, K. A., Ogloff, J. R. P., & Corbishley, A. (1994). Knowledge, compliance, and attitudes of teachers toward mandatory child abuse reporting in British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Education, 19, 15–29.
Beckett, R., Beech, A., Fisher, D., & Fordham, A. S. (1994). Community-based treatment for sex offenders: An evaluation of seven treatment programmes. (Home Office Occasional Paper). London: Home Office.
Berkowitz, S. (1991, December). Key findings on definitions of risk to children and uses of risk assessment by state CPS agencies from the state survey component of the study of high risk child abuse and neglect groups. Paper presented at the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect Symposium on Risk Assessment, Washington, DC.
Black, M. M., Nair, P., Kight, C, Wachtel, R., Roby, P., & Schuier, M. (1994). Parenting and early development among children of drug-abusing women: Effects of home intervention. Pediatrics, 94, 440–448.
Boat, B. W., & Everson, M. D. (1988). Use of anatomical dolls among professionals in sexual abuse evaluations. Child Abuse & Neglect12, 171–179.
Broussard, S. D., & Wagner, W. G. (1988). Child sexual abuse: Who is to blame? Child Abuse & Neglect, 12, 563–569.
Burge, E. B. (1982). Child abusive attitudes and life changes in an overseas military environment (Doctoral dissertation, United States International University, 1982). Dissertation Abstracts International, 43, 562A.
Burrell, B., Thompson, B., & Sexton, D. (1992). The measurement integrity of data collected using the Child Abuse Potential Inventory. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 52, 933–1001.
Caldwell, B. M., & Bradley, R. H. (1978). Home Observation for Measurement of Environment. Little Rock: University of Arkansas.
Caldwell, R. A., Bogat, G. A., & Davidson, W. S., II. (1988). The assessment of child abuse potential and the prevention of child abuse and neglect: A policy analysis. American Journal of Community Psychology, 16, 609–624.
Caliso, J. A., & Milner, J. S. (1992). Childhood history of abuse and child abuse screening. Child Abuse & Neglect, 16, 647–659.
Campis, L. K., Lyman, R. D., & Prentice-Dunn, S. (1986). The Parental Locus of Control Scale: Development and validation. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 19, 260–267.
Carroll, J. L., & Fuller, G. B. (1971). An MMPI comparison of three groups of criminals. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 27, 240–242.
Casanova, G. M., Domanic, J., McCanne, T. R., & Milner, J. S. (1992). Physiological responses to nonchild-related stressors in mothers at risk for child abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 16, 31–44.
Chaplin, T. C, Rice, M. E., & Harris, G. T. (1995). Salient victim suffering and the sexual responses of child molesters. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 249–255.
Chilamkurti, C, & Milner, J. S. (1993). Perceptions and evaluations of child transgressions and disciplinary techniques in high- and low-risk mothers and their children. Child Development, 64, 1801–1814.
Cicchinelli, L. F. (1990). Risk assessment models: CPS agencies and future directions. In CPS Risk Assessment Conference “From research to practice: Designing the future of child protective services”(pp. 79–96). Washington, DC: American Public Welfare Association.
Cicchinelli, L. F. (1995). Risk assessment: Expectations and realities. The APSAC Advisor, 6(4), 3–8.
Conte, J. R. (1985). Clinical dimensions of adult sexual abuse of children. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 3, 341–354.
Costello, T. (1990). Practice issues: Risk assessment and the CPS worker. In CPS Risk Assessment Conference “From research to practice: Designing the future of child protective services”. (pp97–123). Washington, DC: American Public Welfare Association.
Coulton, C. J., Korbin, J. E., Su, M., & Chow, J. (1995). Community level factors and child maltreatment rates. Child Development, 66, 1262–1276.
Couron, B. L. (1982). Assessing parental potentials for child abuse in contrast to nurturing (Doctoral dissertation, United States International University, 1981). Dissertation Abstracts International, 42, 3412B.
Crenshaw, W. B., Lichtenberg, J. W., & Bartell, P. A. (1993). Mental health providers and child sexual abuse: A multivariate analysis of the decision to report. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2(4), 19–42.
Crouch, J., Milner, J. S., & Caliso, J. A. (1995). Childhood physical abuse, perceived social support, and socio-emotional status in adulthood. Violence and Victims, 10, 273–283.
Crowe, H. P., & Zeskind, P. S. (1992). Psychophysiological and perceptual responses to infant cries varying in pitch: Comparison of adults with low and high scores on the Child Abuse Potential Inventory. Child Abuse & Neglect, 16, 19–29.
D’Agostino, P. A., Chapin, F., & Moore, J. B. (1984, September). Rainbow Family Learning Center: Help for parents, haven for children. Paper presented at the meeting of the Fifth International Congress on Child Abuse and Neglect, Montreal.
Dahlstrom, W. G., Welsh, G. S., & Dahlstrom, L. E. (1972). An MMPI handbook: Volume 1: Clinical interpretation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Davis, M. G. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 113–126.
Deitrich-MacLean, G., & Walden, T. (1988). Distinguishing teaching interactions of physically abusive from nonabusive parent-child dyads. Child Abuse & Neglect, 12, 469–479.
De Paul, J., Arruabarrena, I., & Milner, J. S. (1991). Validation de una version Espanola del Child Abuse Potential Inventory para su uso en Espana. Child Abuse & Neglect. 15, 495–504.
De Paul, J., Milner, J. S., & Mugica, F. (1995). Childhood physical abuse, perceived social support, and child abuse potential in a Basque sample. Child Abuse & Neglect. 19, 907–920.
De Paul, J., & Rivero, A. (1992). Version Espanola del Inventario Child Abuse Potential: Validez convergente y apoyo social. Revista de Psicologia General y Aplicada, 45, 49–54.
Derogatis, L. R., & Meyer, J. K. (1979). A psychological profile of the sexual dysfunctions. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 8, 201–223.
Derr, J. (1978). Using the Rorschach inkblot test in the assessment of parents charged with child abuse and neglect. Projective Psychology, 23, 29–31.
Disbrow, M. A., Doerr, H. O., & Caulfield, C. (1977). Measuring the components of parents’ potential for child abuse and neglect. Child Abuse & Neglect, 1, 279–296.
Doueck, H. J., English, D., DePanfilis, D., & Moote, G. T. (1993). Decision-making in child protective services: A comparison of selected risk-assessment systems. Child Welfare, 72, 441–452.
Doueck, H. J., Levine, M., & Bronson, D. E. (1993). Risk assessment in child protective services: An evaluation of the Child at Risk Field System. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 8, 446–467.
Dukes, R. L., & Kean, R. B. (1989). An experimental study of gender and situation in the perception and reportage of child abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 13, 351–360.
Duthie, B., & Mclvor, D. L. (1990). A new system for cluster-coding child molester MMPI profile types. Criminal Justice and Behavior17, 199–214.
Ellis, R. H., & Milner, J. S. (1981). Child abuse and locus of control. Psychological Reports, 48, 507–510.
Emmerich, W. (1969). The parental role: A functional-cognitive approach. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 34(8, Serial No. 132).
English, D. J., Aubin, S. W., & Fine, D. (1993). Evaluation of conformance between individual risk factors and overall level of risk. In T. Tatara (Ed.) ,Sixth National Roundtable on CPS Risk Assessment. (pp235–260). Washington, DC: American Public Welfare Association.
English, D. J., & Pecora, P. J. (1994). Risk assessment as a practice method in child protective services. Child Welfare, 73, 451–473.
Erickson, W D., Luxenburg, M. G., Walbek, N. H., & Seely, R. K. (1987). Frequency of MMPI two-point code types among sex offenders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 566–570.
Evans, J., Whiteside, D., & Cohen, M. (1992). Evaluation results of the pilot of the Child-at-Risk Field. In T. Tatara (Ed.) ,Fifth National Roundtable on CPS Risk Assessment. (pp 37–53). Washington, DC: American Public Welfare Association.
Fanshel, D., Finch, S. J., & Grundy, J. F. (1994). Testing the measurement properties of risk assessment instruments in child protective services. Child Abuse & Neglect, 12, 1073–1084.
Fluke, J. D., Wells, S., England, P., Walsh, W, English, D., Johnson, W, Gamble, T, & Woods, L. (1994). Evaluation of the Pennsylvania approach to risk assessment: Summary of the results for project ob jectives 1, 2, and 4 . In T. Tatara (Ed.) ,Seventh National Roundtable on CPS Risk Assessment(pp. 115–170). Washington, DC: American Public Welfare Association.
Frenzel, R. R., & Lang, R. A. (1989). Identifying sexual preferences in intrafamilial and extrafamilial child sexual abusers. Annals of Sex Research, 2, 255–275.
Freund, K. (1965). Diagnosing heterosexual pedophilia by means of a test for sexual interest. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 3, 229–234.
Freund, K. (1967a). Diagnosing homo- or heterosexuality and erotic age-preference by means of a psychophysiological test. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 5, 209–228.
Freund, K. (1967b). Erotic preference in pedophilia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 5,. 339–348.
Freund, K., & Blanchard, R. (1989). Phallometric diagnosis of pedophilia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 100–105.
Freund, K, & Watson, R. J. (1991). Assessment of the sensitivity and specificity of a phallometric test: An update of phallometric diagnosis of pedophilia. Psycholoyical Assessment, 3, 254–260.
Freund, K., Watson, R. J., & Dickey, R. (1991). Sex offenses against female children perpetrated by men who are not pedophiles The Journal of Sex Research, 28, 409–423.
Friedrich, W. N., Tyler, J. D., & Clark, J. A. (1985). Personality and psychophysiological variables in abusive, neglectful, and low-income control mothers. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 173 ,449–460.
Frodi, A. M., & Lamb, M. E. (1980). Child abusers’ responses to infant smiles and cries. Child Development, 51, 238–241.
Fulton, A. M, Murphy, K. R., & Anderson, S. L. (1991). Increasing adolescent mothers’ knowledge of child development: An intervention program. Adolescence, 26, 73–81.
Gabinet, L. (1979). MMPI profiles of high-risk and outpatient mothers. Child Abuse & Neglect, 3, 373–379.
Goeke, J. M., & Boyer, M. C. (1993). The failure to construct an MMPI-based incest perpetrator scale. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 37, 271–277.
Gore, D. K. (1988). Cognitive distortions of child molesters and the cognition scale: Reliability validity, treatment effects, and prediction of recidivism. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Georgia State University, Atlanta.
Groff, M. G., & Hubble, L. M. (1984). A comparison of father-daughter and stepfather-stepdaughter incest. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 11, 461–475.
Grossman, L. S., & Cavanaugh, J. L. (1990). Psychopathology and denial in alleged sex offenders. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 178, 739–744.
Grossman, L. S., Cavanaugh, J. L., & Haywood, T. W. (1992). Deviant sexual responsiveness on penile plethysmography using visual stimuli: Alleged child molesters vs. normal control subjects. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 180, 207–208.
Hall, G. C. N. (1988). Criminal behavior as a function of clinical and actuarial variables in a sexual offender population. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56 , 773–775.
Hall, G. C. N. (1989). Sexual arousal and arousability in a sexual offender population. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98, 145–149.
Hall, G. C. N., Maiuro, R. D., Vitaliano, P. P., & Proctor, W D. (1986). The utility of the MMPI with men who have sexually assaulted children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 493–496.
Hall, G. C. N., & Proctor, W. C. (1987). Criminological predictors of recidivism in a sexual offender population. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 111–112.
Hall, G. C. N., Proctor, W. C, & Nelson, G. M. (1988). The validity of physiological measures of pedophilic sexual arousal in a sexual offender population. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 118–122.
Hamilton, M. (1986). The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. In N. Sartorius & T. A. Ban (Eds.) ,Assessment of depression. (pp143–152). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Hammer, E. F. (1955). A comparison of H-T-P’s of rapists and pedophiles. Journal of Projective Techniques, 18, 346–354.
Hampton, R. L., & Newberger, E. H. (1985). Child abuse incidence and reporting by hospitals: Significance of severity, class, and race. American Journal of Public Health, 75, 56–60.
Hann, D. M. (1989). A systems conceptualization of the quality of mother-infant interaction. Infant Behavior and Development, 12, 251–263.
Hansen, D. J., & MacMillan, V. M. (1990). Behavioral assessment of child-abusive and neglectful families: Recent developments and current issues. Behavior Modification14, 225–278.
Hanson, R. F., Lipovsky, J. A., & Saunders, B. E. (1994). Characteristics of fathers in incest families. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 9, 155–169.
Hanson, R. K., & Bussiere, M. (1995, September). Predictors of sexual offender recidivism. Paper presented at the NOTA Conference, Cambridge, England.
Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E., Quinsey, V. L., Chaplin, T. C., & Earls, C. (1992). Maximizing the discriminant validity of phallometric assessment data. Psychological Assessment, 4, 502–511.
Hart, A. N. (1989). Review of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory, Form IV. In J. C. Conoley & J. J. Kramer (Eds.). The tenth mental measurements yearbook. (pp152–153). Lincoln, NE: Buros Institute of Mental Measurement.
Hartman, G. L., Karlson, H., & Hibbard, R. A. (1994). Attorney attitudes regarding behaviors associated with child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 18, 657–662.
Haskett, M. E., Johnson, C. A., & Miller, J. W. (1994). Individual differences in risk of child abuse by adolescent mothers: Assessment in the perinatal period. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 35, 461–476.
Hawkins, R., & Tiedeman, G. (1975). The creation of deviance: Interpersonal and organizational determinants, Columbus, OH: Merrill.
Hayashino, D. S., Wurtele, S. K., & Klebe, K. J. (1995). Child molesters: An examination of cognitive factors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 10, 106–116.
Haywood, T. W., Grossman, L. S., & Cavanaugh, J. L. (1990). Subjective versus objective measurements of deviant sexual arousal in clinical evaluations of alleged child molesters. Psychological Assessment, 2, 269–275.
Haywood, T. W., Grossman, L. S., Kravitz, H. M., & Wasyliw, O. E. (1994). Profiling psychological distortion in alleged child molesters. Psychological Reports, 75, 915–927.
Hazzard, A., & Rupp, G. (1986). A note on the knowledge and attitudes of professional groups toward child abuse. Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 219–223.
Helfer, R. E., Hoffmeister, J. K., & Schneider, C. J. (1978). MSPP: A manual for the use of the Michigan Screening Profile of Parenting. Boulder, CO: Express Press.
Herzberger, S. D., & Tennen, H. (1985). “Snips and snails and puppy dog tails”: Gender of agent, recipient, and observer as determinants of perceptions of discipline. Sex Roles, 12, 853–865.
Hogan, R. (1969). Development of an empathy scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, 307–316.
Holden, E. W., & Banez, G. A. (1996). Child abuse potential and parenting stress within maltreating families. Journal of Family Violence, 11, 1–12.
Holden, E. W., Willis, D. J., & Foltz, L. (1989). Child abuse potential and parenting stress: Relationships in maltreating parents. Psychological Assessment, 1, 64–67.
Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. H. (1967). The social readjustment scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11,213–218.
Horley, J., & Quinsey,V. L. (1994). Assessing the cognitions of child molesters: Use of the semantic differential with incarcerated offenders. The Journal of Sex Research, 31, 171–178.
Horner, T. M., Guyer, M. J., & Kalter, N. M. (1993). Clinical expertise and the assessment of child sexual abuse. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 925–931.
Jackson, H., & Nuttall, R. (1993). Clinician responses to sexual abuse allegations. Child Abuse & Neglect, 17, 127–143.
Johnson, W. (1991). Accuracy, efficiency, and research standards for risk assessment systems. In T. Tatara (Ed.) ,Fourth National Roundtable on CPS Risk Assessment. (pp145–159). Washington, DC: American Public Welfare Association.
Johnson, W. (1994). Maltreatment reference as a criterion for validating risk assessment. In T. Tatara (Ed.) ,Seventh National Roundtable on CPS Risk Assessment. (pp173–182). Washington, DC: American Public Welfare Association.
Kalichman, S. C. (1990). Affective and personality characteristics of MMPI profile subgroups of incarcerated rapists. Archives of Sexual Rehavior, 19, 443–459.
Kalichman, S. G (1991). Psychopathology and personality characteristics of criminal sexual offenders as a function of victim age. Archives of Sexual Rehavior, 20, 187–197.
Kalichman, S. C. (1992). Clinicians’ attributions of responsibility for sexual and physical child abuse: An investigation of case-specific influences. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 1(2), 33–46.
Kalichman, S. G, Dwyer, M., Henderson, M. C, & Hoffman, L. (1992). Psychological and sexual functioning among outpatient sexual offenders against children: A Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) cluster analytic study. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 14, 259–276.
Kalichman, S. C., & Henderson, M. (1991). MMPI profile subtypes of nonincarcerated child molesters: A cross-validation study. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 18, 379–396.
Kalichman, S. C, Henderson, M. C, Shealy, L. S., & Dwyer, M. (1992). Psychometric properties of the Multiphasic Sex Inventory in assessing sex offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 19, 384–396.
Kalichman, S. C, Szymanowski, D., McKee, J., Taylor, J., & Craig, M. (1989). Cluster analytically derived MMPI profile subgroups of incarcerated adult rapists. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45, 149–155.
Kanner, A. D., Coyne, J. C, Schaefer, C, & Lazarus, R. S. (1981). Comparison of two modes of stress measurement: Daily hassles and uplifts versus major events. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 1–39.
Kaufman, K. L., & Walker, C. E., (1986). The Child Abuse Potential Inventory. In D. J. Keyser & R. C. Sweetland (Eds.) ,Test critiques. (Vol5, pp. 55–64). Kansas City, MO: Test Corporation of America.
Kelly, J. (1983). Treating child-abusive families. New York: Plenum Press.
Keltner, A. A., Marshall, P. G., & Marshall, W. L. (1981). The description of assertiveness in a prison population. Corrective and Social Psychiatry, 27, 41–47.
Kendall-Tackett, K. A., & Watson, M. W. (1991). Factors that influence professionals’ perceptions of behavioral indicators of child sexual abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 6, 385–395.
Kirkham, M. A., Schinke, S. P., Schilling, R. F., Meltzer, N. J., & Norelius, K. L. (1986). Cognitivebehavioral skills, social supports, and child abuse potential among mothers of handicapped children. Journal of Family Violence, 1, 235–245.
Knutson, J. G. (1978). Child abuse as an area of aggression research. Journal of Pediatric Psychiatry, 3, 20–27.
Kogan, K. L. (1972). Specificity and stability of mother—child interactional styles. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 2, 160–168.
Kogan, K. L., & Gordon, B. M. (1975). Interpersonal behavior constructs: A revised approach to defining dyadic interactional styles. Psychological Reports, 36, 835–846.
Kolko, D. J., Kazdin, A. E., Thomas, A. M., & Day, B. (1993). Heightened child physical abuse potential: Child, parent, and family dysfunction. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 8, 169–192.
Lamphear, V. S., Stets, J. P., Whitaker, P., & Ross, A. O. (1985, August). Maladjustment in at-risk for physical child abuse and behavior problem children: Differences in family environment and marital discord. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles.
Lang, R. A., Black, E. L., Frenzel, R. R., & Checkley, K. L. (1988). Aggression and erotic attraction toward children in incestuous and pedophilic men. Annals of Sex Research, 1, 417–441.
Langevin, R., Paitich, D., Freeman, R., Mann, K., & Handy, L. (1978). Personality characteristics and sexual anomalies in males. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 10, 222–238.
Lanyon, R. I., & Lutz, R. W. (1984). MMPI discrimination of defensive and nondefensive felony sex offenders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 841–843.
Laws, D. R., & Holmen, M. L. (1978). Sexual response faking by pedophiles. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 5, 343–356.
Laws, D. R., & Osborn, C. A. (1983). How to build and operate a behavioral laboratory to evaluate and treat sexual deviance. In J. G. Greer & I. R. Stuart (Eds.) ,The sexual aggressor: Current perspectives on treatment. (pp293–335). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Lawson, J. S., Marshall, W. L., & McGrath, P. (1979). The Social Self-Esteem Inventory. Education and Psychological Measurement, 39, 803–811.
Levenson, H. (1981). Differentiating among externality, powerful others and chance. In H. M. Lefcourt (Ed.) ,Research with the locus of control construct. (pp15–63). New York: Academic Press.
Levin, S. M., & Stava, L. (1987). Personality characteristics of sex offenders: A review. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 16, 57–79.
Litty, C. G., Kowalski, R., & Minor, S. (1996). Moderating effects of physical child abuse and perceived social support on potential to abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20, 305–314.
Magura, S., & Moses, B. S. (1986). Outcome measures for child welfare services: Theory and applications. Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America.
Malcolm, P. B., Andrews, D. A., & Quinsey, V. L. (1993). Discriminant and predictive validity of phallometrically measured sexual age and gender preference. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 8, 486–501.
Mandel, D. R., Lehman, D. R., & Yuille, J. C. (1994). Should this child be removed from home? Hypothesis generation and information seeking as predictors of case decisions. Child Abuse & Neglect, 18, 1051–1062.
Marques, J., Nelson, C, West, M. A., Day, D. M. (1994). The relationship between treatment goals and recidivism among child molesters. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 577–588.
Marshall, W. L., Barbaree, H. E., & Butt, J. (1988). Sexual offenders against male children: Sexual preferences. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 26, 383–391.
Marshall, W. L., Barbaree, H. E., & Christophe, D. (1986). Sexual offenders against female children: Sexual preferences for age of victims and type of behavior. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 18, 424–439.
Marshall, W. L., & Hall, G. C. N. (1995). The value of the MMPI in deciding forensic issues in accused sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 7, 205–219.
Mash, E. J., Johnston, C, & Kovitz, K. (1983). A comparison of the mother—child interactions of physically abused and non-abused children during play and task situations. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 12, 337–346.
Matthews, R. D. (1985). Screening and identification of child abusing parents through self-report inventories (Doctoral dissertation, Florida Institute of Technology, 1984). Dissertation Abstracts International, 46, 650B.
McCanne, T. R., & Milner, J. S. (1991). Physiological reactivity of physically abusive and at-risk subjects to child-related stimuli. In J. S. Milner (Ed.) ,Neuropsychology of aggression. (pp147–166). Nor-well, MA: Kluwer Academic.
McCreary, C. P. (1975). Personality differences among child molesters. Journal of Personality Assessment, 39, 591–593.
McCurdy, K. (1995). Risk assessment in child abuse prevention programs. Social Work Research, 19(2) , 77–87.
McDonald, T. P. (1991). Recurrence of maltreatment in relation to assessed risks. In T. Tatara (Ed.) ,Fourth National Roundtable on CPS Risk Assessment. (pp59–73). Washington, DC: American Public Welfare Association.
McDonald, T, & Marks, J. (1991). A review of risk factors assessed in child protective services. Social Service Review, 65, 112–132.
Mee, J. (1983). The relationship between stress and the potential for child abuse. Unpublished thesis, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia.
Mehrabian, A., & Epstein, N. (1972). A measure of emotional empathy. Journal of Personality, 40, 525–543.
Melton, G. B. (1989). Review of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory, Form IV. In J. C. Conoley, & J. J. Kramer (Eds.) ,The tenth mental measurements yearbook. (pp153–155). Lincoln, NE: Buros Institute of Mental Measurements.
Melton, G. B., & Limber, S. (1989). Psychologists’ involvement in cases of child maltreatment: Limits of role and expertise. American Psychologist, 44, 1225–1233.
Merrill, L. L., Hervig, L. K., & Milner, J. S. (1996). Childhood parenting experiences, intimate partner conflict resolution, and adult risk for child physical abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20, 1049–1065.
Miller, T. R., Handal, P. J., Gilner, F. H., & Cross, J. F. (1991). The relationship of abuse and witnessing violence on the Child Abuse Potential Inventory with Black adolescents. Journal of Family Violence, 6, 351–363.
Milner, J. S. (1986a). The Child Abuse Potential Inventory: Manual(2nd ed.). Webster, NC: Psytec.
Milner, J. S. (1986b). Assessing child maltreatment: The role of testing. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 13, 64–76.
Milner, J. S. (1988). An ego-strength scale for the Child Abuse Potential Inventory. Journal of Family Violence, 3, 151–162.
Milner, J. S. (1989a). Additional cross-validation of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 1, 219–223.
Milner, J. S. (1989b). Applications and limitations of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory. In J. T. Pardeck (Ed.) ,Child abuse and neglect: Theory, research and practice. (pp83–95). London: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers.
Milner, J. S. (1989c). Applications of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45, 450–454.
Milner, J. S. (1990). An interpretive manual for the Child Abuse Potential Inventory. Webster, NC: Psytec.
Milner, J. S. (1991a). Additional issues in child abuse assessment. American Psychologist, 46, 80–81.
Milner, J. S. (1991b). Medical conditions and the Child Abuse Potential Inventory specificity. Psychological Assessment, 3, 208–212.
Milner, J. S. (1991c). Physical child abuse perpetrator screening and evaluation. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 18, 47–63.
Milner, J. S. (1991d). Measuring parental personality characteristics and psychopathology in child maltreatment research. In R. H. Starr & D. A. Wolfe (Eds.) ,The effects of child abuse and neglect: Issues and research. (pp164–185). New York: Guilford Press.
Milner, J. S. (1994). Assessing physical child abuse risk: The Child Abuse Potential Inventory. Clinical Psychology Review, 14, 547–583.
Milner, J. S. (in press). Individual and family characteristics associated with intrafamilial child physical and sexual abuse. In P. K. Trickett & C. Schellenbach ,Violence against children in the family and the community. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Milner, J. S., Charlesworth, J. R., Gold, R. G., Gold, S. R., & Friesen, M. R. (1988). Convergent validity of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 281–285.
Milner, J. S., & Chilamkurti, C. (1991). Physical child abuse perpetrator characteristics: A review of the literature. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 6, 345–366.
Milner, J. S., & Dopke, C. A. (1997). Child physical abuse: Review of offender characteristics. In D. A. Wolfe, R. J. McMahon, & R. deV. Peters (Eds.) ,Child abuse: New directions in prevention and treatment across the life span. (pp25–52). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Milner, J. S., & Foody, R. (1994). The impact of mitigating information on attributions for positive and negative child behavior by adults at low- and high-risk for child abusive behavior. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 13, 335–351.
Milner, J. S., Gold, R. G., Ayoub, C. A., & Jacewitz, M. M. (1984). Predictive validity of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 879–884.
Milner, J. S., Gold, R. G., & Wimberley, R. C. (1986). Prediction and explanation of child abuse: Crossvalidation of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 865–866.
Milner, J. S., Halsey, L., & Fultz, J. (1995). Empathic responsiveness and affective reactivity to infant stimuli in high- and low-risk for physical child abuse mothers. Child Abuse & Neglect, 19, 767–780.
Milner, J. S., & Robertson, K. R. (1989). Inconsistent response patterns and the prediction of child maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 13, 59–64.
Milner, J. S., & Robertson, K. R. (1990). Comparison of physical child abusers, intrafamilial sexual child abusers, and child neglecters. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 5, 37–48.
Milner, J. S., Robertson, K. R., & Rogers, D. L. (1990). Childhood history of abuse and adult child abuse potential. Journal of Family Violence, 5, 15–34.
Milner, J. S., & Wimberley, R. C. (1980). Prediction and explanation of child abuse. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36, 875–884.
Mollerstrom, W. W. (1993, January). U.S. Air Force Family Advocacy Proaram research initiative. Paper presented at the seventh annual meeting of the San Diego Conference on Responding to Child Maltreatment, San Diego.
Mollerstrom, W. W., Patchner, M. A., & Milner, J. S. (1992). Family functioning and child abuse potential. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 48, 445–454.
Monahan, J. (1993). Limiting therapist exposure to Tarasoff liability: Guidelines for risk containment. American Psychologist, 48, 242–250.
Monroe, L. D., & Schellenbach, C. J. (1989). Relationship of Child Abuse Potential Inventory scores to parental responses: A construct validity study. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 11, 39–58.
Moos, R. H., & Moos, B. S. (1986). Family Environment Scale manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Morris, J. L., Johnson, C. F., & Clasen, M. (1985). To report or not report: Physicians’ attitudes toward discipline and child abuse. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 139, 194–197.
Moss, H. B., Mezzich, A., Yao, J. K., Gavaler, J., & Martin, C. S. (1995). Aggressivity among sons of substance-abusing fathers: Association with psychiatric disorder in the father and son, parental personality, pubertal development, and socioeconomic status. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 21, 195–208.
Muller, R. T., Caldwell, R. A., & Hunter, J. E. (1993). Child provocativeness and gender as factors contributing to the blaming of victims of physical child abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 17, 249–260.
Murphy, S., Orkow, B., & Nicola, R. M. (1985). Prenatal prediction of child abuse and neglect: A prospective study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 9, 225–235.
Murphy, W. D. (1990). Assessment and modification of cognitive distortions in sex offenders. In W. L. Marshall, D. R. Laws, & H. E. Barbaree (Eds.) ,Handbook of sexual assault: Issues, theories, and treatment of the offender. (pp331–342). New York: Plenum Press.
Murphy, W. D., & Barbaree, H. E. (1994). Assessments of sexual offenders by measures of erectile response: Psychometric properties and decision making, Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press.
Murphy, W. D., Haynes, M. R., Coleman, E. M., & Flanagan, B. (1985). Sexual responding of ‘nonrapists’ to aggressive sexual themes: Normative data. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 7, 37–47.
Murphy, W. D., Haynes, M. R., Stalgaitis, S. J., & Flanagan, B. (1986). Differential sexual responding among four groups of sexual offenders against children. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 8, 339–353.
Murphy, W. D., & Peters, J. M. (1992). Profiling child sexual abusers: Psychological considerations. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 19, 24–37.
Murphy, W. D., Rau, T. J., & Worley, P. J. (1994). The perils and pitfalls of profiling child sex abusers. APSAC Advisor, 7(3–4), 28–29.
Murphy-Berman, V. (1994). A conceptual framework for thinking about risk assessment and case management in child protective services. Child Abuse & Neglect, 18, 193–201.
National Committee for Prevention of Child Abuse. (1992). Evaluation of the William Penn Foundation child abuse prevention initiative. Chicago: Author.
Nealer, J. B. (1992). A multivariate study of intergenerational transmission of child abuse (Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 1992). Dissertation Abstracts International, 53, 1848A.
Nichols, H. R., & Molinder, I. (1984). Multiphasic Sex Inventory. Tacoma, WA: Authors.
Nuttall, R., & Jackson, H. (1994). Personal history of childhood abuse among clinicians. Child Abuse & Neglect, 18, 455–472.
O’Donohue, W., & Letourneau, E. (1992). The psychometric properties of the penile tumescence assessment of child molesters. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 14, 123–174.
Oliva, A., Moreno, M. C, Palacios, J., & Saldana, D. (1995). Ideas sobre la infancia y predisposicion hacia el maltrato infantil. Infancia y Aprendizaje, 71, 111–124.
Osborne, Y. H., Williams, H. S., Rappaport, N. B., & Tuma, J. M. (1986, March). Potential child abusers: Deficits in childrearing knowledge and parental attitudes. Paper presented at the meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association, Atlanta.
O’Toole, A. W., O’Toole, R., Webster, S., & Lucal, B. (1993). Nurses’ responses to child abuse: A factorial survey. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 9, 194–206.
Otoole, R., Turbett, P., & Nalepka, C. (1983). Theories, professional knowledge, and diagnosis of child abuse. In D. Finkelhor, R. J. Gelles, G. T. Hotaling, & M. A. Straus (Eds.) ,The dark side of families: Current family violence research. (pp349–362). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Paitich, D., Langevin, R., Freeman, R., Mann, K., & Handy, L. (1977). The Clarke SHQ: A clinical sex history questionnaire for males. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 6, 421–436.
Palmer, M. (1990). Multi-state analysis of risk assessment systems—Findings and implications for practice. In CPS Bisk Assessment Conference “From research to practice: Designing the future of child protective services”. (pp71–78). Washington, DC: American Public Welfare Association.
Panton, J. H. (1978). Personality differences appearing between rapists of adults, rapists of children, and non-violent sexual molesters of female children. Besearch Communications in Psychology, Psychiatry, and Behavior, 3, 385–393.
Pascal, G. R., & Herzberg, F. I. (1954). The detection of deviant sexual practice from performance on the Rorschach test. Journal of Projective Techniques, 16, 366–373.
Paulson, M. J., Afifi, A. A., Chaleff, A., Thomason, M. L., & Liu, V. Y. (1975). An MMPI scale for identifying “at-risk” abusive parents. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 422–24.
Paulson, M. J., Afifi, A. A., Thomason, M. L., & Chaleff, A. (1974). The MMPI: A descriptive measure of psychopathology in abusive parents. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 30, 387–390.
Pecnik, N., & Ajdukovic, M. (1995). The Child Abuse Potential Inventory: Cross validation in Croatia. Psychological Reports, 76, 979–985.
Pecora, P. J. (1991). Investigating allegations of child maltreatment: The strengths and limitations of current risk assessment systems. Child and Youth Services, 15, 73–92.
Peters, J. M., & Murphy, W. D. (1992). Profiling child sexual abusers: Legal considerations. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 19, 38–53.
Pithers, W. D. (1990). Relapse prevention with sexual aggressors: A method for maintaining therapeutic gain and enhancing external supervision. In W. L. Marshall, D. R. Laws, & H. E. Barbaree (Eds.) ,Handbook of sexual assault: Issues, theories and treatment of the offender. (pp343–361). New York: Plenum Press.
Proulx, J., Cote, G., & Achille, P. A. (1993). Prevention of voluntary control of penile response in homosexual pedophiles during phallometric testing. The Journal of Sex Research, 30, 140–147.
Pruitt, D. L., & Erickson, M. T. (1985). The Child Abuse Potential Inventory: A study of concurrent validity. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41, 104–111.
Quinsey, V. L., Arnold, L. S., & Pruesse, M. G. (1980). MMPI profiles of men referred for a pretrial psychiatric assessment as a function of offense type. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36, 410–417.
Quinsey, V. L., & Bergersen, S. G. (1976). Instructional control of penile circumference in assessments of sexual preference. Behavior Therapy, 7, 489–493.
Quinsey, V. L., & Chaplin, T. C. (1988a). Penile responses of child molesters and normals to descriptions of encounters with children involving sex and violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 3, 259–274.
Quinsey, V. L., & Chaplin, T. C. (1988b). Preventing faking in phallometric assessments of sexual preference. In R. A. Prentky & V. L. Quinsey (Eds.) ,Human sexual aggression: Current perspectives. (Vol528, pp. 49–58). New York: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.
Quinsey, V. L., Chaplin, T. C, & Carrigan, W. F. (1979). Sexual preferences among incestuous and nonincestuous child molesters. Behavior Therapy, 10, 562–565.
Quinsey, V. L., Chaplin, T. C, & Carrigan, W. F. (1980). Biofeedback and signaled punishment in the modification of inappropriate sexual age preferences. Behavior Therapy, 11, 567–576.
Quinsey, V. L., & Marshall, W. L. (1983). Procedures for reducing inappropriate sexual arousal: An evaluation review. In J. G. Greer & I. R. Stuart (Eds.) ,The sexual aggressor: Current perspectives on treatment. (pp267–289). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Quinsey, V. L., Rice, M. E., Harris, G. T. (1995). Actuarial prediction of sexual recidivism. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 10, 85–105.
Quinsey, V. L., Steinman, C. M., Bergersen, S. G., & Holmes, T. F. (1975). Penile circumference, skin conductance, and ranking responses of child molesters and ‘normals’ to sexual and nonsexual visual stimuli. Behavior Therapy, 6, 213–219.
Rau, T. J., Murphy, W. D., Worley, P. J., Haynes, M. R., & Flanagan, B. (1993, November). History of physical and sexual abuse in adult sexual abusers: Psychometric comparisons. Paper presented at the 12th Annual Research and Treatment Conference of the Association of the Treatment of Sexual Abusers, Boston.
Rice, M. E., Quinsey, V. L., & Harris, G. T. (1991). Sexual recidivism among child molesters released from a maximum security psychiatric institution. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 381–386.
Rice, S. A. (1929). Contagious bias in the interview. American Journal of Sociology, 35, 420–423.
Robertson, K. R., & Milner, J. S. (1985). Convergent and discriminant validity of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 86–88.
Robinson, E. A., & Eyberg, S. M. (1981). The dyadic parent-child interactional coding system: Standardization and validation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 245–250.
Robitaille, J., Jones, E., Gold, R. G., Robertson, K. R., & Miner, J. S. (1985). Child abuse potential and authoritarianism. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41, 839–843.
Rosenberg, N. M., Meyers, S., & Shackleton, N. (1982). The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 472–480.
Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 472–480.
Schellenbach, C. J., Monroe, L. D., & Merluzzi, T. V. (1991). The impact of stress on cognitive components of child abuse potential. Journal of Family Violence, 6, 61–80.
Schneider, C. J. (1982). The Michigan Screening Profile of Parenting. In R. H. Starr, Jr. (Ed.) ,Child abuse prevention: Policy implications(pp. 157–174). Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
Schneider, C. J., Helfer, R. E., & Pollock, G (1972). The predictive questionnaire: A preliminary report. In C. H. Kempe & R. E. Helfer (Eds.) ,Helping the battered child and his family. (pp271–282). Philadelphia: Lippincott.
Scott, R. L., & Stone, D. A. (1986). MMPI profile constellations in incest families. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 364–368.
Selzer, M. L. (1971). The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test: The quest for a new diagnostic instrument. American Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 89–94.
Shealy, L., Kalichman, S. C, Henderson, M. C, Szymanowski, D., & McKee, G. (1991). MMPI profile subtypes of incarcerated sex offenders against children. Violence and Victims, 6, 201–212.
Sheets, D. A. (1992). Implications of research for the designs and implementation of the Texas Risk Assessment Model. In T. Tatara (Ed.) ,Fifth National Roundtable on CPS Risk Assessment. (pp169–186). Washington, DC: American Public Welfare Association.
Sheets, D. A. (1996). Caseworkers, computers, and risk assessment: A promising partnership. APSAC Advisor, 9(1), 7–12.
Siefert, K., Thompson, T., Ten-Bensel, R. W., & Hunt, C. (1983). Perinatal stress: A study of factors linked to the risk of parent problems. Health and Social Work, 8, 107–121.
Simkins, L. (1993). Characteristics of sexually repressed child molesters. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 8, 3–17.
Simkins, L., Ward, W, Bowman, S., & Rinck, C. M. (1989). The Multiphasic Sex Inventory as a predictor of treatment response in child sexual abusers. Annals of Sex Research, 2, 205–226.
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R., & Lushere, R. (1970). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Scale. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Starr, R. H. Jr. (1987). Clinical judgement of abuse-proneness based on parent-child interactions. Child Abuse & Neglect, 11, 87–92.
Starr, R. H. Jr. (1988). Physical abuse of children. In in. B. Van Hasselt, R. L. Morrison, & A. S. Bellack (Eds.) ,Handbook of family violence(pp. 119–155). New York: Plenum Press.
Starr, R. H., Jr. (1993). Cognitive factors underlying worker decision bias. In T. Tatara (Ed.) ,Sixth national roundtable on CPS risk assessment: Summary of highlights. (pp195–212). Washington: American Public Welfare Association.
Stasiewicz, P. R., & Lisman, S. A. (1989). Effects of infant cries on alcohol consumption in college males at risk for child abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 13, 463–470.
Stermac, L. E., & Segal, Z. V. (1989). Adult sexual contact with children: An examination of cognitive factors. Behavior Therapy, 20, 573–584.
Straus, M. A. (1979). Measuring intrafamilial conflict and violence: The Conflict Tactics (CT) Scale. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 41, 75–88.
Straus, M. A. (1993). Measurement instruments in child abuse research. Unpublished manuscript, University of New Hampshire, Durham.
Straus, M. A., & Gelles, R. J. (Eds.). (1990). Physical violence in American families. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
Stringer, S. A., & La Greca, A. M. (1985). Correlates of child abuse potential. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 13, 217–226.
Thomasson, E., Berkovitz, T., Minor, S., Cassle, G., McCord, D., & Miner, J. S. (1981). Evaluation of a family life education program for rural “high risk” families: A research note. Journal of Community Psychology, 9, 246–249.
Tuteur, J. M., Ewigman, B. E., Peterson, L., Hosokawa, M. C. (1995). The Maternal Observation Matrix and the Mother-Child Interactional Scale: Brief observational screening instruments for physically abusive mothers. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 24, 55–66.
Vaupel, S. G., & Goeke, J. M. (1994). Incest perpetrator MMPI profiles and the variable of offense admission status. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 38, 69–77.
Wagner, W. G., Aucoin, R., & Johnson, J. T. (1993). Psychologists’ attitudes concerning child sexual abuse: The impact of sex of perpetrator, sex of victim, age of victim, and victim response. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2(2), 61–74.
Wald, M. S., & Woolverton, M. (1990). Risk assessment: The emperor’s new clothes? Child Welfare, 69, 483–511.
Walden, T. A., Grisaff, D., & Deitrich-MacLean, G. (1990). Observing interactions of abusive and nonabusive dyads: Information extracted by accurate and inaccurate judges. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 18, 241–254.
Walters, G. D. (1987). Child sex offenders and rapists in a military prison setting. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 31, 261–269.
Wasyliw, O. E., Grossman, L. S., & Haywood, T. W. (1994). Denial of hostility and psychopathology among alleged child molesters. Journal of Personality Assessment, 63, 185–190.
Waterman, C. K., & Foss-Goodman, D. (1984). Child molesting: Variables relating to attribution of fault to victims, offenders, and nonparticipating parents. Journal of Sex Research, 20, 329–349.
Watson, D., & Friend, R. (1969). Measurement of social-evaluation anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, 448–457.
Wellman, M M. (1993). Child sexual abuse and gender differences: Attitudes and prevalence. Child Abuse & Neglect, 17, 539–547.
Whissell, C, Lewko, J., Carriere, R., & Radford, J. (1990). Test scores and sociodemographic information as predictors of child abuse potential scores in young female adults. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 5, 199–208.
Wolfe, D. A., Edwards, B., Manion, I., & Koverola, C. (1988). Early interventions for parents at risk for child abuse and neglect: A preliminary investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 40–47.
Wolfe, D.A., Fairbank, J. A., Kelly, J. A., & Bradlyn, A. S. (1983). Child abusive parents’ physiological responses to stressful and nonstressful behavior in children. Behavioral Assessment, 5, 363–371.
Wolfe, D. A., Sandler, J., & Kaufman, K. (1981). A competency-based parent training program for abusive parents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 633–640.
Wormith, J. S. (1985). Some physiological and cognitive aspects of assessing deviant sexual arousal. (Report No. 1985–26.) Ottawa: Ministry of the Solicitor General of Canada.
Wydra, A., Marshall, W. L., Earls, C. M., & Barbaree, H. E. (1983). Identification of cues and control of sexual arousal by rapists. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 21, 469–476.
Yanagida, E. H., & Ching, J. W. J. (1993). MMPI profiles of child abusers. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49, 569–576.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Milner, J.S., Murphy, W.D., Valle, L.A., Tolliver, R.M. (1998). Assessment Issues in Child Abuse Evaluations. In: Lutzker, J.R. (eds) Handbook of Child Abuse Research and Treatment. Issues in Clinical Child Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2909-2_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2909-2_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-3278-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-2909-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive