Abstract
Through the course of evolution, the brain has become increasingly able to respond adaptively to the ever-changing internal and external sensory world. To do so, it must continually monitor the environment through specialized sensory systems. One might imagine that the brain passively receives environmental inputs, processes them, and responds accordingly. We are learning instead that some sensory information can be modulated before it reaches the brain by the activation of centrifugal paths descending from higher central nervous system stations to lower ones in the brain, in the spinal cord, and even in the periphery. Thus, it appears to be important, at least at certain times, that some inputs never reach the brain or arrive only after considerable modification.
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Lewis, J.W., Nelson, L.R., Terman, G.W., Shavit, Y., Liebeskind, J.C. (1986). Intrinsic Control Mechanisms of Pain Perception. In: Davidson, R.J., Schwartz, G.E., Shapiro, D. (eds) Consciousness and Self-Regulation. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0629-1_4
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