Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Assessment of Social Behavior

  • Chapter
Autism

Abstract

In his earliest description of autistic children Kanner (1943) stated that “the outstanding ‘pathognomonic’ fundamental disorder is the children’s inability to relate themselves in the ordinary way to people and situations from the beginning of life.”

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Argyle, M., & Cook, M. Gaze and mutual gaze. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartak, L., & Rutter, M. Differences between mentally retarded and normally intelligent autistic Children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1976, 6, 109–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castell, R. Physical distance and visual attention as measures of social interaction between child and adult. In S. J. Hutt & C. Hutt (Eds.), Behaviour studies in psychiatry. Oxford: Pergamon, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Churchill, D. Effects of success and failure in psychotic children. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1971, 25, 208–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Churchill, D. W., & Bryson, C. Looking and approach behavior of psychotic and normal children as a function of adult attention or preoccupation. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 1972, 75, 171–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, P., & Rutter, M. Compliance and resistance in autistic children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1977, 7, 33–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coss, R. G. Eye-like schemata: Their effect on behaviour. Ph.D. thesis. University of Reading, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Currie, K., & Brannigan, C. Behavioural analysis and modification with an autistic child. In S. J. Hutt and C. Hutt (Eds.) Behaviour studies in psychiatry. Oxford: Pergamon, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeMyer, M. K. Motor, perceptual motor and intellectual disabilities of autistic children. In L. Wing (Ed.), Early childhood autism, (2nd ed.). Oxford: Pergamon, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeMyer, M. K., Barton, S., DeMyer, W. E., Nort, J. A., Allan, J., & Steele, R. Prognosis in autism: A follow-up study.Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1973, 3, 199–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, M., & Everard, P. The near normal autistic adolescent. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia,1914, 4, 348–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, D. G. Smiling in blind infants and the issue of innate vs acquired. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1964, 5, 171–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, J. Three aspects of childhood autism. Ph.D. thesis. University of Leicester, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldfarb, W. Growth and change of schizophrenic children: A longitudinal study. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenman, G. Visual behavior of newborn infants. In A. Solnit and S. Provence (Eds.): Modern perspectives in child development. New York: International Universities Press, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hermelin, B., & O’Connor, N. Psychological experiments with autistic children. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutt, C., & Hütt, S. J. Effects of environmental complexity on stereotyped behaviours of Children. Animal Behaviour, 1963, 13, 1–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutt, C., & Ounsted, C. The biological significance of gaze aversion with particular reference to the syndrome of infantile autism. Behavioral Science, 1966, 11, 346–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutt, S. J., & Hütt, C. Behaviour Studies in Psychiatry. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutt, S. J., & Vaizey, M. Differential effects of group density on social behaviour. Nature, 1966, 209, 1371–1372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe, J., Stern, D., & Peery, J. “Conversational” coupling of gaze behaviour in prelinguis- tic human development. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 1973, 2, 321–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanner, L. Autistic disturbances of affective contact. The Nervous Child, 1943, 2, 217–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kogel, R. L., & Covert, A. The relationship of self-stimulation to learning in autistic children. Journal of Applied Behavioral Analysis, 1972, 5, 381–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lockyer, L., & Rutter, M. A five to fifteen year follow-up study of infantile psychosis. 3. Psychological aspects. British Journal of Psychiatiy, 1969, 775, 865–882.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lotter, V. Factors related to outcome in autistic children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1974, 4, 263–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lovaas, O. L, Schaeffer, B., & Simmons, J. Q. Experimental studies in childhood schizophrenia: Building social behavior in autistic children by the use of electric shock. Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 1965, 7, 99–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • McConnell, O. L. Control of eye contact in an autistic child. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1967, 8, 249–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richer, J. The social avoidance behaviour of autistic children. Animal Behaviour, 1976, 2, 898–906. (a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richer, J. The self perpetuation of autism in a normal social environment. Submitted for publication, 1976. (b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Richer, J. & Coss, R. Gaze aversion in autistic and normal children. Acta Psychiatric Scandinavica, 1916, 53, 193–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richer, J., & Richards, M. Reacting to autistic children: The danger of trying too hard. British Journal of Psychiatry, 197, 27, 526–529.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricks, D., & Wing, L. Language communication and the use of symbols. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1975, 5, 191–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robson, K. The role of eye-to-eye contact in maternal-infant attachment. Journal of Child Psychiatry, 1961, 8, 13–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M. Concepts of autism: A review of research. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1968, 9, 1–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M. Autistic children: Infancy to adulthood. Seminars in Psychiatry, 1970, 2, 435–450.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tinbergen E. A., & Tinbergen, N. Early childhood autism: An ethological approach. Advances in Ethology, 1972, 10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tizard, B., & Rees, J. The effect of early institutional rearing on the behaviour problems and affectional relationships of four-year old children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1975, 16, 61–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vine, I. The role of facial-visual signalling in early social development. In M. von Cronach & I. Vine (Eds.), Social communication and movement. New York: Academic Press, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing, L. The handicaps of autistic children: A comparative study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1969, 10, 1–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Psychology and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, SE5 8AF, Denmark Hill, London, England

    Patricia Howlin

Authors
  1. Patricia Howlin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, University of London, London, England

    Michael Rutter

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Division of Health Affairs, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

    Eric Schopler

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1978 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Howlin, P. (1978). The Assessment of Social Behavior. In: Rutter, M., Schopler, E. (eds) Autism. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0787-7_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0787-7_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-0789-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-0787-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation