Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Case Studies in the Evolution of Species Complexes in Mimulus

  • Chapter
Evolutionary Biology

Part of the book series: Evolutionary Biology ((EBIO,volume 11))

Abstract

The genus Mimulus—first proposed for evolutionary studies by a Carnegie Institution-sponsored conference at their Mather, California, transplant station in 1947—provides an excellent system for the experimental investigation of the nature of species. Mimulus contains in its different sections over a dozen clusters of complexes of closely related species, varieties, and populations in many diverse stages of evolutionary differentiation. These complexes lend themselves to the study of the changes within populations that lead to their reproductive isolation, one from another. Such changes are of basic significance. They are the “forks” in the path of evolution, the essential steps in the origin of new species. The purpose of these studies in Mimulus is to learn more about the occurrence, distribution, and effect of these forks or reproductive isolating mechanisms in order to improve our understanding of the dynamics of speciation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alam, M. T., and Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1973, Crossing relationships in the Mimulus glabratus heteroploid complex, Am. Midl. Nat. 90: 449–454.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, W. R., and Sheppard, P. M., 1971, Copper tolerance in some California populations of the monkey flower, Mimulus guttatus, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 177: 177–196.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, D. G., 1958, Genetic relationships among four species of the section Erythranthe of the genus Mimulus, Masters thesis, University of Utah.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antevs, E., 1948, Climatic changes and prewhite man, in: The Great Basin, with Emphasis on Glacial and Postglacial Times, pp. 167–191, Bull. Univ. of Utah 38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antevs, E., 1955, Geological-climatic dating in the west, Am. Antiq. 20: 317–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antonovics, J., 1968, Evolution in closely adjacent plant populations. V. Evolution of self-fertility, Heredity 23: 219–238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antonovics, J., 1976a, The input from population genetics: “The new ecological genetics,” Syst. Bot. 1: 233–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antonovics, J., 1976b, The nature of limits to natural selection, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 63: 224–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aphanac’eva, N. G., 1960, Norichnikov’s theory of phylogeny, cited in A. A. Federov (ed.), 1974, Chromosome Numbers of Flowering Plants, a reprint by Otto Koeltz, Koenigstein, West Germany, 928 pp. of Z. V. l olkovskikh and Others (A. A. Federov, ed.), 1969; Khromosommye Chisla Tsvetkovykh Rasternii, “Hayko,” Leningrad.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atwood, W. W., 1909, Glaciation of the Uinta and Wasatch Mountains, US Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Avise, J. C., and Ayala, F. J., 1975, Genetic change and rates of cladogenesis, Genetics 81: 757–773.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ayala, F. J., Tracey, M. L., Hedgecock, D., and Richmond, R. C., 1975, Genetic differentiation during the speciation process in Drosophila, Evolution 28: 576–592.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, H. G., 1959, Reproductive methods as factors in speciation in flowering plants, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 24: 177–191.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, H. G., 1965, Characteristics and modes of origins of weeds, in: The Genetics of Colonizing Species ( H. G. Baker and G. L. Stebbins, eds.), pp. 147–172, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, H. G., and Stebbins, G. L. (eds.), 1965, The Genetics of Colonizing Species, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber, H. N., 1965, Selection in natural populations, Heredity 20: 551–572.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartholomew, B., Eaton, L. C., and Raven, P. H., 1973, Clarkia rubicunda: A model of plant. evolution in semiarid regions, Evolution 27: 505–517.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baskerville, G. L., and Emin, P., 1969, Rapid estimation of heat accumulation from maximum and minimum temperatures, Ecology 50: 514–517.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bate-Smith, E. C., 1950, Anthocyanins, flavones and other phenolic compounds, in: Partition Chromatography, Biochem. Soc. Symp. No. 3 ( R. T. Williams and R. L. M. Synge, eds.), pp. 62–73, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beeks, R. M., 1962, Variation and hybridization in Southern California populations of Diplacus (Scrophulariaceae), El Aliso 5: 83–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentham, G., 1846, Scrophulariaceae, in: Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, Vol. 10 ( A. DeCandolle, ed.), pp. 186–586, Masson, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, S. C., Throckmorton, L. H., and Hubby, J. L., 1973, Still more genetic variability in natural populations, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 70: 3928–3931.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Björkman, O., 1966, Comparative studies of photosynthesis and respiration in ecological races, Brittonia 18: 214–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Björkman, O., and Holmgren, P., 1966, Photosynthetic adaptation to light intensity in plants native to shaded and exposed habitats, Physiol. Plant. 19: 854–859.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackwelder, E., 1931, Pleistocene glaciation of the Sierra Nevada and Basin ranges, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 42: 865–922.

    Google Scholar 

  • Böcher, T. W., 1949, Racial divergences in Prunella vulgaris in relation to habitat and climate, New Phytol. 48: 285–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bostick, P. E., 1965, Documental chromosome numbers of plants 65: 2, SIDA Contrib. Bot. 2: 165–168, cited in: Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers for 1965 (R. Ornduff, ed.), 1967, International Bureau for Plant Taxonomy and Nomenclature, Utrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyer, W. D., 1973, Air temperature, heat sums, and pollen shedding phenology of longleaf pine, Ecology 54: 420–426.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradshaw, A. D., 1965, Evolutionary significance of phenotypic plasticity in plants, Adv. Genet. 13: 115–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brewer, G. J., and Sing, C. F., 1970, An Introduction to Isozyme Techniques, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J. H., and Feldmeth, C. R., 1971, Evolution in constant and fluctuating environments; Thermal tolerances of desert pupfish (Cyprinodon), Evolution 25: 390–398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brozek, A., 1929, Preliminary report on the genetic constitution of flower colours in the garden population of the Mimulus cardinalis Hort, Acta Bot. Bohemica 8: 80–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brozek, A., 1931, Further investigation on the genetics of flower colours in Mimulus cardinalis Hort, Preslia 10: 42–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broiek, A., 1932, Mendelian analysis of the “red-orange-yellow” group of flower colours in Mimulus cardinalis Hort, Preslia 11: 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calder, J. A., and Taylor, R. L., 1965, New taxa and nomenclatural changes with respect to the flora of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Can. J. Bot. 43: 1387–1399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calder, J. A., and Taylor, R. L., 1968, Flora of the Queen Charlotte Islands, Part 1, Systematics of the Vascular Plants, Queen’s Printer, Ottawa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, G. R., 1950, Mimulus guttatus and related species, El Aliso 2: 319–337.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlquist, S., 1953, Scrophulariaceae, in: Documented Chromosome Numbers of Plants, Madrop 12: 31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carson, H. L., 1975, The genetics of speciation at the diploid level, Am. Nat. 109: 83–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carson, H. L., 1976, Genetic differences between newly formed species, BioScience 26: 700–701.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, B. V., and Harper, K. A., 1961, Identification of saccharides in anthocyanins and other flavonoids, Aust. J. Chem. 14: 586–595.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, B. V., and Harper, K. A., 1962, A procedure for the absolute identification of anthocyanins: The pigments of blackcurrant fruit, Aust. J. Chem. 15: 114–120.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clausen, J., 1967, Biosystematic consequences of ecotypic and chromosomal differentiation, Taxon 16: 271–279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clausen, J., Keck, D. D., and Hiesey, W. M., 1940, Experimental studies on the nature of species, Vol. 1, Effect of varied environments on western North American plants, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. No. 520.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clausen, J., Keck, D. D., Hiesey, W. M., and Grun, P., 1950, Mimulus studies in experimental taxonomy, Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearb. 49: 107–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clegg, M. T., and Allard, R. W., 1972, Patterns of genetic differentiation in the slender wild oat species Avena barbata, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 69: 1820–1824.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cline, M. G., and Agatep, A. O., 1970, Temperature and photoperiodic control of developmental responses in climatic races of Mimulus, Plant Cell Physiol. 11: 609–619.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coram, F. J., 1953, A comparative morphological study of Mimulus cardinalis and Mimulus lewisii and their hybrids, M.A. thesis, Claremont Graduate School, Claremont, Calif. Cornfield, J., 1951, A method of estimating comparative rates from clinical data. Applications to cancer of the lung, breast, and cervix, J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 11: 1269–1275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cottam, W. P., Tucker, J. M., and Drobnick, R., 1959, Some clues to Great Basin postpluvial climates provided by oak distributions, Ecology 40: 361–377.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coyne, J. A., 1976, Lack of genic similarity between two sibling species of Drosophila as revealed by varied techniques, Genetics 84: 593–607.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Darwin, C., 1972, Cross and Self Fertilization in the Vegetable Kingdom. The Works of Charles Darwin, Vol. 13, AMS Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, B. J., 1964, Method and application to human serum protein, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 121: 404–427.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Delmer, D. P., 1974, Studies on the nature of the adaptations of the monkey flower, Mimulus guttatus, to a thermophilic environment, Can. J. Bot. 52: 1509–1514.

    Google Scholar 

  • Descole, H. R., 1954, Genera et species plantarum Argentinarum, Vol. 5, Guillermo Kraft Ltda., Buenos Aires.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Wit, J. M. J., and Harlan, J. R., 1966, Morphology of the compilospecies Bothriochloa intermedia, Am. J. Bot. 53: 94–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobzhansky, T., 1951, Genetics and the Origin of Species, 3rd ed, Columbia University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobzhansky, T., 1974, Genetic analysis of hybrid sterility within the species Drosophila pseudoobscura, Hereditas 77: 81–88.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dobzhansky, T., Ayala, F. J., Stebbins, G. L., and Valentine, J. W., 1977, Evolution, Freeman and Co., San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durrant, S. D., 1952, The Mammals of Utah, Taxonomy and Distribution, Univ. Kans. Mus. Nat. Hist. Monogr. 6: 1–549.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eardley, A. J., Gvosdetsky, V., and Marsell, R. E., 1957, Hydrology of Lake Bonneville and sediments and soils of its basin, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 68: 1141–1202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, A. W. F., and Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., 1964, Reconstruction of evolutionary trees, Syst. Assoc. Publ. 6: 67–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrendorfer, F., 1953, Ökologisch-geographische mikro-differenzierung einer population von Galium pumilum Murr. s. str. Oesterr. Bot. Z. 100: 616–638.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrendorfer, F., 1970, Evolutionary patterns and strategies in seed plants, Taxon 19: 185–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrlich, P. R., and Raven, P. H., 1969, Differentiation of populations, Science 165: 1228–1232.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eldredge, F. A., II., 1972, The crossing and cytogenetic relationships of some Great Plains diploids of the Mimulus glabratus complex (Scrophulariaceae), Ph.D. dissertation, University of Utah.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ezell, W. L., 1972, Scrophulariaceae, in: IOPB Chromosome Number Reports XXXVIII by A. Löve, Taxon 21: 679–684.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fassett, N. C., 1939, Notes from the herbarium of the University of Wisconsin, Rhodora 41: 524–529.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flint, R. F., 1947, Glacial Geology and the Pleistocene Epoch, John Wiley and Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flint, R. F., 1963, Status of the Pleistocene Wisconsin stage in central North America, Science 139: 402–404.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, D. W., Savage, W. L., and Wender, S. H., 1953, Hydrolysis of some flavonoid rhamnoglucosides to flavonoid glucosides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 75: 2504–2505.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, D. C., Klikoff, L. G., and Eyring, H., 1974, Applications of the survival theory to ecology, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 71: 4332–4335.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gadella, T. W. J., 1964, Cytotaxonomic studies in the genus Campanula, Wentia 11: 1–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gadella, T. W. J., and Kliphuis, E., 1969, Cytotaxonomic studies in the genus Symphytum. II. Crossing experiments between Symphytum officinale L. and Symphytum asperum Lepech, Acta Bot. Neerl. 18: 544–549.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gates, D. M., Hiesey, W. M., Milner, H. W., and Nobs, M. A., 1964, Temperatures of Mimulus leaves in natural environments and in a controlled chamber, Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearb. 63: 418–426.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geissman, T. A., Jorgensen, E. C., and Harborne, J. B., 1953, The effect of aluminum chloride on absorption spectra of anthocyanins, Chem. Ind. London 52: 1389.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geissman, T. A., Jorgensen, E. C., and Johnson, B. L., 1954, The chemistry of flower pigmentation in Antirrhinum majus. I. The flavonoid components of the homozygous P, M, Y, color types, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 49: 368–388.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, G. K., 1890, Lake Bonneville, U.S. Geol. Surv. Monogr. No. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, L. S., 1971, Chromosome numbers in certain West Himalayan bicarpellate species, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 98: 281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottlieb, L. D., 1974, Genetic confirmation of the origin of Clarkia lingulata, Evolution 28: 244–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, A. L., 1924, A monograph of the genus Mimulus, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 11: 99–389.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, V., 1963, The Origin of Adaptations, Columbia University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, V., 1977, Organismic Evolution, Freeman and Co., San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregor, J. W., 1930, Experiments on the genetics of wild populations. I. Plantago maritima, J. Genet. 22: 15–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregor, J. W., 1939, Experimental taxonomy. IV. Population differentiation in North American and European sea plantains allied to Plantago maritima L., New Phytol. 38: 293–322.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hahl, D. C., Wilson, M. T., and Langford, R. H., 1965, Physical and chemical hydrology of Great Salt Lake, Utah, US Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 525C: C181 — C186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hair, J. B., and Beuzenberg, E. J., 1959, in: Index to Plant Chromsome Numbers for 1959, University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hajduk, J., 1970, Occurrence of the species Mimulus guttatus in western Carpathians, Zb. Slov. Nar. Muz. Prir. Vedy 16: 41–43 (from Biol. Abst. No. 55064893, 1970 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamrick, J. L., and Libby, W. J., 1972, Variation and selection in western U.S. montane species. I. White fir, Silvae Genet. 21: 29–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harberd, D. J., 1967, Observations on natural clones in Holcus mollis, New Phytol. 66: 401–408.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harborne, J. B., 1958a, The chromatographic identification of anthocyanin pigments, J. Chromatogr. 1: 473–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harborne, J. B., 1958b, Spectral methods of characterizing anthocyanins, Biochem. J. 70: 22–28.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harper, J. L., 1965, Establishment, aggression, and cohabitation in weedy species, in: The Genetics of Colonizing Species ( H. G. Baker and G. L. Stebbins, eds.), pp. 243–265, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harper, J. L., 1967, A Darwinian approach to plant ecology, J. Ecol. 55: 247–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiesey, W. M., 1953a, Growth and development of species and hybrids of Poa under controlled temperatures, Am. J. Bot. 40: 205–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiesey, W. M., 1953b, Comparative growth between and within climatic races of Achillea under controlled conditions, Evolution 7: 297–316.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiesey, W. M., 1964, The genetic-physiologic structure of species complexes in relation to environment, Genetics Today, Proc. 11th Intl. Cong. Genet. 2: 437–445.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiesey, W. M., and Nobs, M. A., 1970, Genetic and transplant studies on contrasting species. and ecological races of the Achillea millefolium complex, Bot. Gaz. Chicago 131: 245–259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiesey, W. M., Nobs, M. A., and Björkman, 0., 1971, Experimental studies on the nature of species. V. Biosystematics, genetics, and physiological ecology of the Erythranthe section of Mimulus, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 628.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsu, S. S., 1973, Polymorphic esterases in the Mimulus glabratus complex, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Utah.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsu, S. S., and Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1976, The pattern of esterase variation in the Mimulus glabratus complex (Scrophulariaceae), Great Basin Nat. 36: 81–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubbs, C. L., and Miller, R. R., 1948, The zoological evidence: Correlation between fish distribution and hydrographic history in the desert basins of Western United States, in: The Great Basin, with Emphasis on Glacial and Postglacial Times, pp. 17–166, Bull. Univ. of Utah 38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, K. W., and Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1974, Patterns of heterosis and crossing barriers resulting from increasing genetic distance between populations of the Mimulus luteus complex, J. Genet. 61: 235–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, K. W., and Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1975, Evolutionary divergence in closely related populations of Mimulus guttatus (Scrophulariaceae), Great Basin Nat. 35: 240–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hultén, E., 1968, Flora of Alaska and Neighboring Territories, Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif.

    Google Scholar 

  • Humboldt, A., Bonpland, A., and Kunth, C. S., 1817, Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland, Vol. 2, Part 6, Botanique: Nova genera et species plantarum, pp. 297–298, Libraire Grecque—Latine—Allemande, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, G. E., 1951, Copepodology for the ornithologist, Ecology 32: 571–577.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, G. E., 1957, Concluding remarks, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 22: 415–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, G. E., 1965, The Ecological Theater and the Evolutionary Play, Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jennings, J. D., 1957, Danger Cave, Univ. of Utah Anthro Pap. No. 27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jorgensen, E. C., and Geissman, T. A., 1955, The chemistry of flower pigmentation in Antirrhinum majus. III. Relative anthocyanin and aurone concentrations, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 55: 389–402.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jurd, L., 1956, A spectrophotometric method for the detection of o-dihydroxyl groups in flavonoid compounds, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 63: 376–381.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jurd, L., 1962, Spectral properties of flavonoid compounds, in: The Chemistry of Flavonoid Compounds ( T. A. Geissman, ed.), pp. 107–155, Pergamon Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jurd, L., and Geissman, T. A., 1956, Absorption spectra of metal complexes of flavonoid compounds, J. Org. Chem. 21: 1395–1401.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiang, Y. T., 1972, Pollination study in a natural population of Mimulus guttatus, Evolution 26: 308–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiang, Y. T., 1973, Floral structure hybridization and evolutionary relationships of two species of Mimulus, Rhodora 75: 225–238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiang, Y. T., and Libby, W. J., 1972, Maintenance of a lethal in a natural population of Mimulus guttatus, Am. Nat. 106: 351–367.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klinker, J. E., 1950, A modification of the Warburg respirometer to measure the respiration rate of tomato leaf discs, Plant Physiol. 25: 354–355.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koehn, R., 1969, Esterase heterogeneity: Dynamics of a polymorphism, Science 163: 943–944.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Komendar, V. I., and Hrytsak, M. A., 1971, Pro znakhidku Mimulus guttatus DC. v zakarpatti, Ukr. Bot. Zh. 28(2): 240 (from Biol. Abstr. 53053307, vol. 53, May 15, 1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kondo, K., 1972, Chromosome numbers of some Angiosperms in the United States, Phyton. Rev. Int. Bot. Exp. 29: 55–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krizek, D. T., Klueter, H. H., and Bailey, W. A., 1972, Effects of day and night temperature and type of container on the growth of F, hybrid annuals in controlled environments, Am. J. Bot. 59: 284–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruckeberg, A. R., 1957, Variation in fertility of hybrids between isolated populations of the serpentine species, Streptanthes glandulosus Hook, Evolution 11: 185–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, D. A., 1970, Developmental instability and evolution in peripheral isolates, Am. Nat. 104: 343–353.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, D. A., 1971, The origin of reproductive isolating mechanisms in flowering plants, Taxon 20: 91–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, D. A., 1973, Polymorphism for interspecific cross-compatibility in Phlox, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 70: 1149–1150.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, D. A., and Kerster, H. W., 1975, The effect of gene dispersal on the dynamics and statics of gene substitution in plants, Heredity 35: 317–336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levins, R., 1968, Evolution in Changing Environments: Some Theoretical Explorations, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, N.J.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, H., 1962, Catastrophic selection as a factor in speciation, Evolution 16: 257–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, H., 1966, Speciation in flowering plants, Science 152: 167–172.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, H., and Raven, P. H., 1958, Rapid evolution in Clarkia, Evolution 12: 319–336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewontin, R. C., 1974, The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change, Columbia Univ. Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewontin, R. C., and Birch, L. C., 1966, Hybridization as a source of variation for adaptation to new environments, Evolution 20: 315–336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Libby, W. J., 1962, Estimation of variance components of internode length in a cloned population of Mimulus guttatus, Genetics 47: 769–777.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay, D. W., 1964, Natural dispersal of Mimulus guttatus, Proc. Utah Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 41: 237–241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay, D. W., and Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1967, Comparative evolution in Mimulus guttatus of the Bonneville Basin, Evolution 21: 439–456.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linnaeus, C., 1753, Species Plantarum, Vol. 2, Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Long, L. H., (ed.), 1969, The World Almanac and Book of Facts, Newspaper Enterprise Associates, Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Löve, A., and Löve, D., 1957, Arctic polyploidy, Proc. Genet. Soc. Can. 2: 23–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacArthur, R. H., 1972, Geographical Ecology Patterns in the Distribution of Species, Harper and Row, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacArthur, R. H., and Wilson, E. O., 1967, The Theory of Island Biogeography, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macnair, M. R., 1977, Major genes for copper tolerance in Mimulus guttatus, Nature 268: 428–430.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manton, I., Sinha, B. M. B., and Vida, G., 1970, Cytotaxonomic studies in the Adiantum caudatum complex of Africa and Asia. II. Autoploidy and alloploidy in African representatives of A. incisum, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 63: 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mather, K., 1955, Polymorphism as an outcome of disruptive selection, Evolution 9: 52–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maude, P. F., 1939, The Merton Catalogue: A list of chromosome numerals of species of British flowering plants, New Phytol. 38: 1–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, A. M., and Poljakoff-Mayber, A., 1963, The Germination of Seeds, MacMillan, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayr, E., 1963, Animal Species and Evolution, Belknap Press, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • McArthur, E. D., 1974, The cytotaxonomy of naturalized British Mimulus, Watsonia 10: 155–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • McArthur, E. D., and Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1970, Scrophulariaceae, in: IOPB Chromosome Number Reports XXIX, presented by A. Löve, Taxon 19: 801–802.

    Google Scholar 

  • McArthur, E. D., Vickery, R. K., Jr., and Anderson, A. E., 1971, Scrophulariaceae in: IOPB Chromosome Number Reports XXXI by A. Löve, Taxon 20: 157–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • McArthur, E. D., Alam, M. T., Eldredge, F. A., II, Tai, W., and Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1972, Chromosome counts in section Simiolus of the genus Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae). IX. Polyploid and aneuploid patterns of evolution, Madono 21: 417–420.

    Google Scholar 

  • McClure, S., 1973, Allozyme variability in natural populations of the yellow monkey-flower, Mimulus guttatus, located in the north Yuba River drainage, Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMinn, H. E., 1946, The status of the section Tropanthus Grant in Mimulus of Scrophulariaceae, Madrono 8: 234–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMinn, H. E., 1951, Studies in the genus Diplacus, Scrophulariaceae, Madrono 11: 33–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNaughton, S. J., 1972, Enzymic thermal adaptations: The evolution of homeostasis in plants, Am. Nat. 106: 165–172.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McWhirter, K. G., and Logan, D., 1971, Sur l’évolution récente de la résistance contre la pollution par le cuivre chez Mimulus guttatus DC, Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 13: 640.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mercer, J. H., 1972, Chilean glacial chronology 20,000 to 11,000 carbon-14 years ago: Some global comparisons, Science 176: 1118–1120.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mia, M. M., and Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1968, Chromosome counts in section Simiolus of the genus Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae). VIII. Chromosomal homologies of M. glabratus and its allied species and varieties, Madrono 19: 250–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mia, M. M., Mukherjee, B. B., and Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1964, Chromosome counts in the section Simiolus of the genus Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae). VI. New numbers in M. guttatus, M. tigrinus, and M. glabratus, Madrono 17: 156–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R. S., 1964, Ecology and distribution of pocket gophers (Geomyidae) in Colorado, Ecology 45: 256–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milner, H. W., and Hiesey, W. M., 1964, Photosynthesis in climatic races of Mimulus. I. Effect of light intensity and temperature on rate, Plant Physiol. 39: 208–213.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitton, J. B., and Koehn, R. K., 1975, Genetic organization and adaptive response of allozymes to ecological variables in Fundulus heteroclitus, Genetics 79: 97–111.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morishima, H., and Oka, H. I., 1970, A survey of genetic variations in the populations of wild Oryza species and their cultivated relatives, Jpn. J. Genet. 45: 371–385.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morley, F. H. W., 1959, Natural selection and variation in plants, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 24: 47–56.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, R. B., 1961a, New evidence on the history of Lake Bonneville from an area south of Salt Lake City, Utah, US Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 424D: D125 - D127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, R. B., 1961b, New evidence on the age of Lake Bonneville from the moraines in Little Cottonwood Canyon, Utah, US Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 424D: D127 - D128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, R. B., 1964, Lake Lahontan: Geology of Southern Carson Desert, Nevada, US Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee, B. B., and Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1959, Chromosome counts in section Simiolus of the genus Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae), III, Madrorio 15: 57–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee, B. B., and Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1960, Chromosome counts in the section Simiolus of the genus Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae), IV, Madrono 15: 239–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee, B. B., and Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1961, Chromosome counts in the genus Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae), Madroilo 16: 104–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee, B. B., and Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1962a, Chromosome counts in the section Simiolus of the genus Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae). V. The chromosomal homologies of M. guttatus and its allied species and varieties, Madrono 16: 141–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee, B. B., and Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1962b, Scrophulariaceae, in: Documented chromosome numbers of plants, Madrono 16: 266–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee, B. B., Wiens, D., and Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1957, Chromosome counts in section Simiolus of the genus Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae), II, Madrono 14: 128–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogzewalla, C. D., and Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1958, A progress report on a new method for the study of the nature of species, Proc. Utah Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 35: 91–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Onslow, M. W., 1925, The Anthocyanin Pigments of Plants, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ornstein, L., 1964, Disc electrophoresis. I. Background and theory, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 121: 321–349.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, P. F., 1975, Mimulus in Great Britain—a cytotaxonomic note, New Phytol. 74: 155–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pennell, F. W., 1951, Mimulus, in: Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States, (L. Abrams, ed.), Vol. 3, pp. 688–731, Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piekos, H., 1972, The genus Mimulus in Poland, Fragm. Florist. Geobot. Krakow 18: 343–351 (from Biol. Abstr. No. 57053230, rec’d. 1973 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollock, H. G., Vickery, R. K., Jr., and Wilson, K. G., 1967, Flavonoid pigments in Mimulus cardinalis and its related species. I. Anthocyanins, Am. J. Bot. 54: 695–701.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prim, R. C., 1957, Shortest connection networks and some generalizations, Bell Syst. Techn. J. 36: 1389–1401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raven, P. H., 1976, Systematics and plant population biology, Plant Syst. 1: 284–316.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raven, P. H., and Axelrod, D. I., 1974, Angiosperm biogeography and past continental movements, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 61: 539–673.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raven, P. H., and Lewis, H., 1959, The relationship of Clarkias from two continents, Brittonia 11: 193–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raven, P. H., and Raven, T. E., 1976, The genus Epilobium (Onagraceae) in Australasia: A Systematic and Evolutionary Study, Bascands Ltd., Christchurch, New Zealand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiche, C., 1911, Flora de Chile, Vol. 6, Part 1, Moneda, San Antonia, Barcelona.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richmond, G. M., 1964, Glaciation of Little Cottonwood and Bells Canyons, Wasatch Mountains, Utah, US Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 454D.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, R. H., 1964, Mimulus hybrids in Britain, Watsonia 6: 70–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, G. M., and Robinson, R., 1931, Survey of the anthocyanins, I, Biochem. J. 25: 1687–1705.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, G. M., and Robinson, R., 1932, Survey of the anthocyanins, II, Biochem. J. 26: 1647–1664.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, G. M., and Robinson, R., 1933, Survey of the anthocyanins. III. Notes on the distribution of leucoanthocyanins, Biochem. J. 27: 206–212.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rollins, R. C., 1957, Interspecific hybridization in Lesquerella (Cruciferae), Contrib. Gray Herb. Harv. Univ. 181: 1–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Runemark, H., 1970, The role of small populations for the differentiation in plants, Taxon 19: 196–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selander, R. K., 1970, Biochemical polymorphism in populations of the house mouse and old-field mouse, Symp. Zool. Soc. London 26: 73–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherratt, H. S. A., 1959, The relationship between anthocyanidins and flavonols in different genotypes of Antirrhinum majus, J. Genet. 56: 28–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shreve, F., and Wiggins, I. L., 1951, Vegetation and flora of the Sonoran Desert, Vol. 1, Vegetation of the Sonoran Desert, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. No. 591.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, B. B., 1977, Breeding systems of dominant perennial plants of two disjunct warm desert ecosystems, Oecologia 27: 203–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skalinska, M., Jankun, M. A., Weislo, H., et al., 1971, Studies in chromosome numbers of Polish Angiosperms. Eighth Contribution; Acta Biol. Cracov. Ser. Bot. 14: 198–213, cited in: Chromosome Numbers 1967–1971, 1971, ( R. J. Moore, ed.), International Bureau for Plant Taxonomy, Utrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skottsberg, C., 1953, A supplement to the Pteridophytes and Phanerogams of Juan Fernandez, Vol. 2, Part 6, Almquist and Wiksells, Uppsala.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J. M., 1975, The Theory of Evolution, 3rd ed., Penguin Books. C. Nicholls and Co., Ltd., Great Britain.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snaydon, R. W., 1970, Rapid population differentiation in a mosaic environment. I. The response of Anthoxanthum odoratum populations to soils, Evolution 24: 257–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sokal, R. R., and Rohlf, F. J., 1969, Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research, Freeman, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solbrig, O. T., 1976, The origin and floristic affinities of the south temperate desert and semi-desert regions, in: Evolution of Desert Biota ( D. W. Goodall, ed.), University of Texas Press, Austin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solimani, M. H., 1976, Ph-Dependent heterosis of heavy metal-tolerant and nontolerant hybrids of the monkey flower Mimulus guttatus, Nature 262: 49–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spach, E.. 1840. Histoire naturelle des végétaux, Vol. 9, Roret, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stebbins, G. L., 1971, Chromosomal Evolution in Higher Plants, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straw, R. M., 1956, Floral isolation in Penstemon, Am. Nat. 90: 47–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suess, H. E., 1956, Absolute chronology of the last glaciation, Science 123: 355–357.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugiura, T., 1940, Studies in the chromosome numbers in higher plants. V, Cytologia 10: 363–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tai, W., and Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1970, Cytogenetic relationships of key diploid members of the Mimulus glabratus complex (Scrophulariaceae), Evolution 24: 670–679.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tai, W., and Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1972, Unusual cytological patterns in microsporogenesis and pollen development of evolutionary significance in the Mimulus glabratus complex (Scrophulariaceae), Am. J. Bot. 59: 488–493.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, R. L., and Mulligan, G. A., 1968, Flora of the Queen Charlotte Islands, Part 2, Cytological Aspects of the Vascular Plants, Queen’s Printer, Ottawa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teeri, J. A., Patterson, D. T., Alberte, R. S., and Castleberry, R. M., 1977, Changes in the photosynthetic apparatus of maize in response to simulated natural temperature fluctuations, Plant Physiol. 60: 370–373.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thoday, J. M., 1972, Disruptive selection, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. B 182: 109–143.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thoday, J. M., and Gibson, J. B., 1962, Isolation by disruptive selection, Nature 193: 1164–1166.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toole, E. H., and Toole, V. K., 1961, Until time and place are suitable, in: Seeds ( A. Stefferud, ed.), pp. 99–105, The Yearbook of Agriculture, U.S. Dept. Agric., Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turesson, G., 1922, The genotypical response of the plant species to the habitat, Hereditas 3: 211–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • United States Weather Bureau, 1953–1964, Climatological data, Utah, Annual Summaries, Vols. 55–66, nos. 13 of each, U.S. Department of Commerce, Kansas City for 1953 and Ashville for 1954–1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • United States Weather Bureau, 1969, Climatological data, Alaska 54(13), California 72(13), Nevada 83(13), Utah 70(13), Asheville, N.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valentine, D. H., 1970, Cryptic polymorphism in Primula elatior, Isr. J. Bot. 19: 71–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vavilov, N. I., 1949/50, The origin, variation, immunity and breeding of cultivated plants (trans. by K. S. Chester), Chron. Bot. 13: (l/6).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1951, Genetic differences between the races and species of Mimulus, Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearb. 50: 118–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1955, Chromosome counts in the section Simiolus of the genus Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae), Madrono 13: 107–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1956a, Data on interracial hybridizations in Mimulus guttatus (Scrophulariaceae), Proc. Utah Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 33: 37–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1956b, Data on interracial and interspecific hybridizations in the section Simiolus of the genus Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae), Proc. Utah Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 33: 45–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1956c, Data on intersectional hybridizations in the genus Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae), Proc. Utah Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 33: 65–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1959, Barriers to gene exchange within Mimulus guttatus (Scrophulariaceae), Evolution 13: 300–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1963, The evolutionary potential, as measured by seed germination, of chromosome races of Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae), Proc. XI International Congress of Genetics 1: 146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1964, Barriers to gene exchange between members of the Mimulus guttatus complex (Scrophulariaceae), Evolution 18: 52–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1966a, Speciation and isolation in section Simiolus of the genus Mimulus, Taxon 15: 55–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., 19666, Experimental hybridizations in the genus Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae). IV. Barriers to gene exchange between the main sections, Proc. Utah Acad. Sci. Arts. Lett. 43: 115–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1967a, Experimental hybridizations in the genus Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae). V. Barriers to gene exchange between section Simiolus and the other main sections of the genus, Proc. Utah Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 44: 316–320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., 19676, Growth of Mimulus cardinalis plants under controlled conditions, Proc. Utah Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 44: 334–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1967c, Growth of Mimulus lewisii flowers under natural conditions, Proc. Utah Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 44: 339–343.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1967d, Ranges of temperature tolerance for germination of Mimulus seeds from diverse populations, Ecology 48: 647–651.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1969, Crossing barriers in Mimulus, J. J. Genet. 44 (suppl. 1): 325–336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1972, Range of climatic tolerance as an indication of evolutionary potential in Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae), Symp. Biol. Hung. 12: 31–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1973a, Crossing relationships of three Utah populations of Mimulus guttatus (Scrophulariaceae), Proc. Utah Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 50: 33–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., I973b, Has a naturalized Scottish population of Mimulus guttatus evolved significant barriers to gene exchange with native North American populations? Proc. Utah Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 50: 42–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1973c, Mimulus wiensii (Scrophulariaceae): A new species from western Mexico, Madrono 22: 161–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., 1974a, Crossing barriers in the yellow monkey flowers of the genus Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae), Genet. Lect. 3: 33–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., 19746, Growth in artificial climates—an indication of Mimulus’ ability to invade new habitats, Ecology 55: 796–807.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., and Anderson, D. G., 1967, Experimental hybridizations in the genus Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae). VI. Section Erythranthe, Proc. Utah Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 44: 321–333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., and Lindsay, D. W., 1966, Experimental hybridizations in the genus Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae), II, Proc. Utah Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 43: 93–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., and Olson, R. L., 1956, Flower color inheritance in the Mimulus cardinalis complex, J. Hered. 47: 194–199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., and Tai, W., 1970, Juncaginaceae, Scrophulariaceae, in: IOPB Chromosome Number Reports presented by A. Löve, Taxon 19: 437–442.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., Mukherjee, B. B., and Wiens, D., 1958, Chromosome counts in section Erythranthe of the genus Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae), Madroflo 14: 150–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., Mukherjee, B. B., and Wiens, D., 1963, Chromosome counts in section Erythranthe of the genus Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae), II, Madrono 17: 53–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., Crook, K. W., Lindsay, D. W., Mia, M. M., and Tai, W., 1968, Chromosome counts in section Simiolus of the genus Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae). VII. New numbers for M. guttatus, M. cupreus, and M. tilingii, Madrono 19: 211–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., Eldredge, F. A., II., and McArthur, E. D., 1976, Cytogenetic patterns of evolutionary divergence in the Mimulus glabratus complex, Am. Midl. Nat. 95: 377–389.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery, R. K., Jr., McArthur, E. D., and Purcell, S. P., 1978, Scrophularioceae, in: 1OPB Chromosome Number Reports LX (presented by A. Löve), Taxon 27: 223–231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, W. A., 1972, Mimulus gemmiparus sp. nov. from Colorado, Madrono 21: 423–425.

    Google Scholar 

  • Went, F. W., 1957, The Experimental Control of Plant Growth, Chronica Botanica, Waltham, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, A. H., 1955, Paper chromatography of cinnamic acid derivatives, Chem. Ind. London 5: 120–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, E. J., 1964, Geomorphic features and history of the lower part of Logan Canyon, Masters Thesis, Utah State University, Logan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, G. C., 1975, Sex and Evolution, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, S., 1932, The roles of mutation, inbreeding, crossbreeding, and selection in evolution, Proc. VI Intl. Cong. Genet. 1: 356–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wullstein, B. C., 1958, Inheritance of anthocyanins and anthoxanthins in the Mimulus cardinalis complex, M. S. Thesis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, C. A., 1976, Growth characteristics of weediness in Portulaca oleracea L., Ecology 57: 964–974.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA

    Robert K. Vickery Jr.

Authors
  1. Robert K. Vickery Jr.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA

    Max K. Hecht

  2. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, USA

    William C. Steere

  3. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

    Bruce Wallace

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1978 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Vickery, R.K. (1978). Case Studies in the Evolution of Species Complexes in Mimulus . In: Hecht, M.K., Steere, W.C., Wallace, B. (eds) Evolutionary Biology. Evolutionary Biology, vol 11. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6956-5_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6956-5_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-6958-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-6956-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation