Abstract
In clinical practice today, psychologists are finding that many of their clients are from cultural backgrounds quite different from their own. This is not a startling revelation, because in our culturally complex society, many individuals who have severe psychological problems are just as likely to be from the underclasses (e.g., the poor, ethnic minorities, the growing number of refugees, and the chronically disabled) as they are to be from the more familiar middle class. What is starting, however, is that the theories we are taught, the procedures and techniques we have inherited from the last generation of psychologists, and even the training programs that introduced us to the profession have their roots—indeed, their major thrust—in middle-class values and orientations. Usually, contemporary practitioners or researchers have little preparation for dealing with the “cultural problem” in our professional activities—little beyond the admonition of sage methodologists that we should be wary of our transgressions if we consider using procedures or concepts derived in one culture with clients or problems from another.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abe, M., Sumita, K., & Kuroda, M. (1963). A manual of the MMPI, Japanese standard edition, Kyoto: Sankyobo.
Adebimpe, V. R., Chu, C. C., Klein, H. E., & Lange, M. H. (1982). Racial and geographic differences in the psychopathology of schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 888–891.
Al-Issa, I. (1982). Does culture make a difference in psychopathology? In I. Al-Issa (Ed.), Culture and psychopathology (pp. 3–29). Baltimore: University Park Press.
Allport, G. W. (1937). Personality: A psychological interpretation. New York: Holt.
American Psychiatric Association. (1968). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed. rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
Ben-Porath, Y. S. (1990). Cross-cultural assessment of personality: The case for replicatory factor analysis. In J. N. Butcher & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Recent advances in personality assessment (pp. 27–48). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Bernal, M. E., & Padilla, A. M. (1982). Status of minority curricula and training in clinical psychology. American Psychologist, 37, 780–787.
Boyd, J., & Weissman, M. (1982). Epidemiology. In E. Paykel (Ed.), Handbook of affective disorders. New York: Guilford.
Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1, 185–216.
Brislin, R. W. (1986). The wording and translation of research instruments. In W. J. Lonner & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Field methods in cross-cultural research (pp. 137–164). Beverly Hills: Sage.
Brislin, R. W., Lonner, W. J., & Thorndike, R. (1973). Cross cultural research methods. New York: John Wiley.
Butcher, J. N. (1982). Cross-cultural research methods in clinical psychology. In P Kendall & J. N. Butcher (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in clinical psychology (pp. 273–310). New York: Wiley.
Butcher, J. N. (1987). Introduction to the special series. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 459–460.
Butcher, J. N. (1990). MMPI-2 in psychological treatment. New York: Oxford University Press.
Butcher, J. N. (1991). Psychological evaluation of refugees. In J. Westermeyer, C. L. Williams, & N. Nguyen (Eds.), Mental Health Services for Refugees. (DHHS Pub. No [ADM]91–1824). Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
Butcher, J. N., & Clark, L. A. (1979). Recent trends in crosscultural MMPI research and application. In J. N. Butcher (Ed.), New developments in the use of the MMPI (pp. 64–112). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Butcher, J. N., Dahlstrom, W. G., Graham, J. R., Tellegen, A. M., & Kaemmer, B. (1989). MMPI-2: Manual for administration and scoring. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Butcher, J. N., & Garcia, R. (1978). Cross-national application of psychological tests. Personnel and Guidance, 56, 472–475.
Butcher, J. N., Graham, J. R., Williams, C. L., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (1990). Development and use of the MMPI-2 content scales. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Butcher, J. N., & Pancheri, P. (1976). Handbook of cross-national MMPI research. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Butcher, J. N., & Williams, C. L. (1992). MMPI-2/MMPI-A essentials of interpretation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Carey, G., Gottesmani I. I., & Robins, E. (1980). Prevalence rates for the neuroses: Pitfalls in the evaluation of familiarity. Psychological Medicine, 10, 437–443.
Carpenter, W. T., Strauss, J. S., & Bartko, J. J. (1974). The diagnosis and understanding of schizophrenia: Part I. Use of signs and symptoms for the identification of schizophrenia patients. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 11, 37–49.
Chang, W. C. (1985). A cross-cultural study of depressive symptomatology. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 9, 295–317.
Cheung, F. M. (1979). Translation of the MMPI into Chinese. Paper presented at the 6th International Conference on Personality Assessment, Kyoto, Japan.
Cheung, E M. (1981, February). Development of the Chinese MMPI in Hong Kong. Paper presented at the 7th International Conference on Personality Assessment, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Cheung, F. M. (1985). Cross-cultural considerations for the translation and adaptation of the Chinese MMPI in Hong Kong. In J. N. Butcher & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Advances in personality assessment (Vol. 4, pp. 131–158). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Cheung, E M., & Song, W. Z. (1989). A review of clinical applications of the MMPI in China. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology, 1, 230–237.
Chien, C. R, & Yamamoto, J. (1982). Asian-American and Pacific-Islander patients. In E X. Acosta, J. Yamamoto, & L. A. Evans (Eds.), Effective psychotherapy for low-income and minority patients (pp. 117–145). New York: Plenum.
Clark, L. A. (1985). A consolidated version of the MMPI in Japan. In J. N. Butcher & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Advances in personality assessment (Vol. 4, pp. 95–130). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Cooper, J., Kendell, R., Gurland, B., Sartorius, N., & Farkas, T. (1969). Cross-national study of diagnosis of the mental disorders: Some results from the first comparative investigation. American Journal of Psychiatry, 125, 21–29.
Cooper, J., Kendell, R., Gurland, B., Sharpe, L., Copeland, J., & Simon, R. (1972). Psychiatric diagnosis in New York and London: A comparative study of mental hospital admissions. London: Oxford Press.
Dana, R. H. (1988). Culturally diverse groups and MMPI interpretations. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 19, 490–495.
Day, R., Nielsen, J. A., Korten, A., Ernberg, G., Dube, K. C., Gebhart, J., Jablensky, A., Leon, C., Marsella, A., Olatawura, M., Sartorius, N., Stromgren, E., Takahashi, R., Wig, N., & Wynne, L. C. (1985). Stressful life events preceding the acute onset of schizophrenia: A cross-national study from the WHO. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 11, 123–205.
Devereaux, G. (1956). Normal and abnormal: The key problem in psychological anthropology. In J. Casagrande & T. Gladwin (Eds.), Some uses of anthropology: Theoretical and applied. Washington DC: Anthropological Society of Washington.
Dohrenwend, B., & Dohrenwend, B. (1974). Social and cultural influences on psychopathology. Annual Review of Psychology, 25, 417–452.
Draguns, J. G. (1973). Comparisons of psychopathology across cultures: Issues, findings, directions. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 4, 9–47.
Draguns, J. G. (1977a). Advances in the methodology of crosscultural psychiatric assessment. Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review, 14, 125–143.
Draguns, J. G. (1977b). Problems of defining and comparing abnormal behavior across cultures. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 285, 664–679.
Draguns, J. G. (1980). Psychological disorders of clinical severity. In H. C. Triandis & J. Draguns (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (Vol. 6, pp. 1–7). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Draguns, J. G. (1984). Assessing mental health and disorder across cultures. In P. B. Pedersen, N. Sartorius, & A. J. Marsella (Eds.), Mental health services: The cross-cultural context (pp. 31–58). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Draguns, J. G. (1985). Psychological disorders across cultures. In P Pedersen (Ed.), Handbook of cross-cultural counseling and therapy (pp. 55–62). Westport, CT: Greenwood.
Dunham, H. W. (1966). Some persistent problems in the epidemiology of mental disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 14, 1.
Egli, E., Shiota, N., Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Butcher, J. N. (1991). Psychological interventions. In Westermeyer, J., Williams, C. L., & Nguyen (Eds.), Mental Health Services for Refugees (pp.157–188). DHHS Publication No (ADM)91–1824, Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
Eker, D. (1985). Diagnosis of mental disorders among Turkish and American clinicians. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 31, 99–109.
Escobar, J. I., Gomez, J., & TUason, V. B. (1983). Depressive phenomenology in North and South American patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 47–51.
Fabrega, H., Jr. (1974). Problems implicit in the cultural and social study of depression. Psychosomatic Medicine, 36, 377–398.
Fabrega, H., Jr. (1982). Culture and psychiatric illness: Biomedical and ethnomedical aspects. In A. J. Marsella & G. M. White (Eds.), Cultural conceptions of mental health and therapy (pp. 39–68).
Boston D. Reidel., Fabrega, H., Jr. (1987). Psychiatric diagnosis: A cultural perspective. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 175, 383–394.
Feighner, J. P, Robins, E., Guze, S. B., Woodruff, R. A., Winokur, G., & Munoz, R. (1972). Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research. Archives of General Psychiatry, 26, 57–63.
Flaherty, J. A., Gaviria, F. M., Pathak, D., Mitchell, T., Wintrob, R., Richman, J. A., & Birz, S. (1988). Developing instruments for cross-cultural psychiatric research. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 176, 257–263.
Geller, J. D. (1988). Racial bias in the evaluation of patients for psychotherapy. In L. Comas-Diaz & E. E. H. Griffith (Eds.), Clinical guidelines in cross-cultural mental health (pp. 112–134). New York: John Wiley.
German, G. A. (1984). Comparative ecological studies of the schizophrenias. In P B. Pedersen, N. Sartorius, & A. J. Marsella (Eds.), Mental health services: The cross-cultural context (pp. 79–107). Beverly Hills: Sage.
Good, B., & Kleinman, A. (1985). Epilogue: Culture and depression. In A. Kleinman & B. Good (Eds.), Culture and depression (pp. 491–506). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Graham, J. R. (1990). The MMPI-2. New York: Oxford University Press.
Greene, R. L. (1987). Ethnicity and MMPI performance: A review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 497–512.
Gunderson, J. G., Autry, J. H., III, & Mosher, R. (1974). Special report: Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 9, 16–54.
Hamilton, M. (1960). Rating depressive patients. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 41, 21–24.
Honigmann, J. J. (1968). The study of personality in primitive societies. In E. Norbeck, D. Price-Williams, & W. McCord (Eds), The study of personality: An interdisciplinary appraisal (pp. 246–274). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Honigmann, J. J., International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia (IPSS). (1974). Schizophrenia Bulletin, Issue 11, 21–34.
Jablensky, A., Sartorius, N., Gulbinat, W., & Ernberg, G. (1981). Characteristics of depressive patients contacting psychiatric services in four cultures. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 63, 367–383.
Jilek, W. G., & Jilek-Aall, L. (1985). The metamorphosis of “culture-bound” syndromes. Social Science and Medicine, 21, 205–210.
Jones, B. E., & Gray, B. A. (1986). Problems in diagnosing schizophrenia and affective disorders among blacks. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 37, 61–65.
Karp, I. (1985). Deconstructing culture-bound syndromes. Social Science and Medicine, 21, 221–228.
Kendell, R. E. (1973). Psychiatric diagnoses: A study of how they are made. British Journal of Psychiatry, 122, 437–445.
Kendell, R. E. (1975). The role of diagnosis in psychiatry. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
Kennedy, J. (1973). Cultural psychiatry. In J. Honigmann (Ed.), Handbook of social and cultural anthropology (pp. 1119–1198). Chicago: Rand-McNally.
Kinzie, J. D. (1974). A summary of literature on epidemiology of mental illness in Hawaii. In W. S. Tseng, J. G. McDermott Jr., & T. W. Maretzki (Eds.), People and cultures in Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii.
Kleinman, A. (1977). Depression, somatization and the “new cross-cultural psychiatry.” Social Science and Medicine, 11, 3–10.
Kroeber, A., & Kluckhohn, C. (1952). Papers of the Peabody Museum, 47, No. 1.
Leighton, A. H., Lambo, T. A., Hughes, C. C., Leighton, D. C., Murphy, J. M., & Macklin, D. B. (1963). Psychiatric disorder among the Yoruba. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Lindsey, G. (1961). Projective techniques and cross-cultural research. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Longabaugh, R. (1980). The systematic observation of behavior in naturalistic settings. In H. C. Triandis & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (Vol. 6, pp. 57–126). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Lonner, W. J. (1985). Issues in testing and assessment in crosscultural counseling. Counseling Psychologist, 13, 599–614.
Lorr, M., & Klett, C. J. (1969). Cross-cultural comparison of psychotic syndromes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 74, 531–545.
Manos, N. (1981). Translation and adaptation of the MMPI in Greece. Paper presented at the International Conference on Personality Assessment, Honolulu (February, 1981).
Manos, N. (1985). Adaptation of the MMPI in Greece: Translation, standardization, and cross-cultural comparisons. In J. N. Butcher & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Advances in personality assessment (Vol. 4). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Marsella, A. J. (1978). Thoughts on cross-cultural studies on the epidemiology of depression. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 2, 343–357.
Marsella, A. J. (1979). Cross-cultural studies of mental disorders. In A. J. Marsella, R. Tharp, & T. Ciborowski (Eds.), Perspectives in cross-cultural psychology. New York: Academic Press.
Marsella, A. J. (1980). Depression experience and disorder across cultures. In H. Triandis & J. Draguns (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (Vol. 6, pp. 237–290). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Marsella, A. J., & Kameoka, V. A. (1989). Ethnocultural issues in the assessment of psychopathology. In S. Wetzler (Ed.), Measuring mental illness: Psychometric assessment for clinicians (pp. 229–256). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Marsella, A. J., Kinzie, D., & Gordon, P. (1973). Ethnic variations in the expression of depression. Journal of CrossCultural Psychology, 4, 435–458.
Marsella, A. J., Sartorius, N., Jablensky, A., & Fenton, F. R. (1985). Crosscultural studies of depressive disorders: An overview. In A. Kleinman & B. Good (Eds.), Culture and depression (pp. 299–324). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Murphy, J. M. (1976). Psychiatric labeling in cross-cultural perspective. Science, 191, 1019–1028.
Opler, M. K. (1967). Culture and social psychiatry. New York: Atherton.
Overall, J. E., & Gorham, D. R. (1962). The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychological Reports, 10, 799–812.
Pareek, U., & Rao, T. V. (1980). Cross-cultural surveys and interviewing. In H. C. Triandis & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 127–244). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Pedersen, P (1982). Intercultural training of mental-health providers. In D. Landis & R. W. Brislin (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training: Vol. II. Issues in training methodology (pp. 325–352). New York: Pergamon.
Phillips, L., & Draguns, J. (1969). Some issues in intercultural research on psychopathology. In W. Caudill, & T. Y. Lin (Eds.), Mental health research in Asia and the Pacific. Honolulu: East-West Center Press.
Phillips, L., & Draguns, J. (1971). Classification of behavior disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 22, 447–482.
Ponterotto, J. G., & Casas, J. M. (1987). In search of multicultural competence within counselor education programs. Journal of Counseling and Development, 65, 430–434.
Professional Staff of the United States-United Kingdom Cross National Project. (1974). The diagnosis and psychopathology of schizophrenia in New York and London. Schizophrenia Bulletin (Issue 11), 80–102.
Prince, R. H. (1983). Is anorexia nervosa a culture-bound syndrome? Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review, 20, 299–300.
Prince, R. H., & Tcheng-Laroche, E (1987). Culture-bound syndromes and international disease classifications. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 11, 3–19.
Pucheu, C., & Rivera, O. (1976). The development of a method of detecting psychological maladjustment in university students. In J. N. Butcher & P Pancheri (Eds.), Handbook of cross-national MMPI research (pp. 218–230). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Resner, G., & Hartog, J. (1970). Concepts and terminology of mental disorder among Malays. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1, 369–381.
Rissetti, E (1981, February). Clinical validity of the Chilean MMPI. Paper presented at the 7th International Conference on Personality Assessment, Honolulu.
Rissetti, E, Butcher, J. N., Agostini, J., Elgueta, M., Gaete, S., Margulies, T., Morlans, I., & Ruiz, R. (1979). Translation and adaptation of the MMPI in Chile: Use in a university student health service. Paper given at the 14th Annual Symposium on Recent Developments in the Use of the MMPI, St. Petersburg, FL.
Rissetti, E J., & Maltes, S. G. (1985). Use of the MMPI in Chile. In J. N. Butcher & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Advances in personality assessment (Vol. 4, pp. 209–254). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Rogler, L. H. (1989). The meaning of culturally sensitive research in mental health. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 296–303.
Russell, D. M. (1988). Language and psychotherapy: The influence of nonstandard English in clinical practice. In L. Comas-Diaz & E. E. H. Griffith (Eds.), Clinical guidelines in cross-cultural mental health (pp. 33–68). New York: John Wiley.
Sanua, V. D. (1969). Socio-cultural aspects. In L. Bellak & L. Loeb (Eds.), The Schizophrenic Syndrome (pp. 256–310). New York: Grune & Stratton.
Sartorius, N. (1975). Epidemiology of depression. WHO Chronicle, 29, 423–427.
Sartorius, N., Jablensky, A., Gulbinat, W., & Ernberg, G.(1980). WHO collaborative study: Assessment of depressive disorders. Psychological Medicine, 10, 743–749.
Sartorius, N., Jablensky, A., Korten, A., Ernberg, G., Anker, M., Cooper, J. C., Day, R. (1986). Early manifestations and first-contact incidence of schizophrenia in different cultures. Psychological Medicine, 16, 909–928.
Sartorius, N., Jablensky, A., & Shapiro, R. (1978). Crosscultural differences in the short-term prognosis of schizophrenic psychoses. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 4, 102–113.
Savasir, I., & Erol, N. (1990). The TUrkish MMPI: Translation, standardization, and validation. In J. N. Butcher & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Advances in personality assessment (Vol. 8, pp. 49–62). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Scholer, C, & Caudill, W. (1964). Symptomatology of Japanese and American schizophrenics. Ethnology, 3, 172–177.
Segall, M. H. (1986). Culture and behavior: Psychology in global perspective. Annual Review in Psychology, 37, 523–564.
Sen, B., & DeJesus Mari, J. (1986). Psychiatric research instruments in the transcultural setting: Experiences in India and Brazil. Social Science and Medicine, 23, 277–281.
Shader, R. I. (1984). Epidemiologic and family studies. Psycho somatics, 25, 10–15.
Shondrick, D. D., Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Stafford, K. P (1992, May). Forensic assessment with the MMPI-2: Characteristics of individuals undergoing court-ordered evaluations. Paper given at the 27th Symposium on Recent Developments in the Use of the MMPI/MMPI-2, Minneapolis, MN.
Shuy, R. W. (1983). Three types of interference to an effective exchange of information in the medical interview. In S. Fisher & A. D. Todd (Eds.), The social organization of doctor-patient communication (pp. 189–202). Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Simons, R. C. (1985). Sorting the culture-bound syndromes. In R. C. Simons & C. C. Hughes (Eds.), The culture-bound syndromes: Folk illnesses of psychiatric and anthropological interest (pp. 25–38). Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel.
Song, W. Z. (1981, February). Adaptation of the Chinese MMPI in Beijing. Paper presented at the 7th International Conference on Personality Assessment, Honolulu.
Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J., & Fleiss, J. L. (1967). Instruments and recording forms for evaluating psychiatric status and history: Rationale, method of development, and description. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 8, 321–343.
Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J., Fleiss, J. L., & Cohen, J. (1970). The psychiatric status schedule: A technique for evaluating psychopathology and impairment in role functioning. Archives of General Psychiatry, 23, 41–55.
Stevens, J. R., & Wyatt, R. J. (1987). Similar incidence of worldwide schizophrenia: Case not proven. British Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 131–132.
Sue, D. W., Bernier, J. E., Durran, A., Fernberg, L., Pedersen, P, Smith, E. J., & Vasquez-Nuttall, E. (1982). Position paper: Cross-cultural counseling competencies. Counseling Psychologist, 10, 45–52.
Sue, S. (1988). Psychotherapeutic services for ethnic minorities: Two decades of research findings. American Psychologist, 43, 301–308.
Sue, S., Akutsu, P D., & Higashi, C. (1985). Training issues in conducting therapy with ethnic-minority group clients. In P. Pedersen (Ed.), Handbook of cross-cultural counseling and therapy (pp. 275–289). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Sue, S., & Morishima, J. K. (1982). The mental health of Asian-Americans. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Sue, S., & Zane, N. (1987). The role of culture and cultural techniques in psychotherapy: A critique and reformulation. American Psychologist, 42, 37–45.
Sundberg, N. D., & Gonzales, L. R. (1981). Cross-cultural and cross-ethnic assessment: Overview and issues for clinical and community psychology. In P McReynolds (Ed.), Advances in psychological assessment (Vol. 5). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Swartz, L. (1985). Anorexia nervosa as a culture-bound syndrome. Social Science and Medicine, 20, 725–730.
Tanaka-Matsumi, J., & Marsella, A. J. (1976). Cross-cultural variations in the phenomenological experience of depression: Word association. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 7, 379–396.
Tart, C. J. (1975). Some assumptions of orthodox Western psychology. In C. J. Tart (Ed.), Transpersonal psychologies (pp. 59–111). New York: Harper.
Terminsen, J., & Ryan, J. (1970). Health and disease in a British Columbia community. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal, 15, 121–127.
Torrey, E. E (1987). Early manifestations and first contact incidence of schizophrenia in different cultures: Commentary. British Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 132.
Triandis, H. C., Malpass, R. S., & Davidson, A. R. (1973). Psychology and culture. In P H. Müssen (Ed.), Annual Review of Psychology, 24, 355–378.
Tseng, W. S., Di, X., Ebata, K., Hsu, J., & Yuhua, C. (1986). Diagnostic pattern for neuroses in China, Japan, and the United States. American Journal of Psychiatry, 43, 1010–1014.
Tseng, W. S., & Hsu, J. (1969). Chinese culture, personality formation, and mental illness. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 16, 5–14.
Tseng, W. S., & Hsu, J. (1980). Minor psychological disturbances of everyday life. In H. C. Triandis & J. C. Draguns (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (Vol. 6, pp. 61–98). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Tseng, W. S., & McDermott, J. E (1981). Culture, mind and therapy: An introduction to cultural psychiatry. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Venkoba Rao, A. (1984). Depressive illness in India. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 26, 301–311.
Weiss, M. G., & Kleinman, A. (1988). Depression in crosscultural perspective: Developing a culturally informed model. In P. R. Dasen, J. W. Berry, & N. Sartorius (Eds.), Health and cross-cultural psychology (pp. 179–206). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Westermeyer, J. (1987a). Clinical considerations in cross-cultural diagnosis. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 38, 160–165.
Westermeyer, J. (1987b). Cultural factors in clinical assessment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 471–478.
Westermeyer, J. (1988). Some cross-cultural aspects of delusions. In T. F. Oltmanns & B. A. Mäher (Eds.), Delusional beliefs (pp. 212–229). New York: John Wiley.
Wing, J. K. (1970). A standard form of psychiatric Present State Examination (PSE) and a method for standardizing the classification of symptoms. In E. H. Hare & J. K. Wing (Eds.), Psychiatric epidemiology. London: Oxford University Press.
Wing, J. K., Cooper, J. E., & Sartorius, N. (1974). The measurement and classification of psychiatric symptoms. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Wittkower, E. D., & Dubreuil, G. (1968). Cultural factors in mental illness. In E. Norbeck, D. Price-Williams, & W. M. McCord (Eds.), The study of personality: An interdisciplinary appraisal. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Wittkower, E. D., & Fried, J. (1959). A cross-cultural approach to mental illness. American Journal of Psychiatry, 116, 423–428.
World Health Organization (WHO). (1973). International pilot project on schizophrenia. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
World Health Organization (WHO). (1980). Manual of the international statistical classification of diseases (9th rev.) (ICD-9). Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
Yap, P. M. (1951). Mental diseases peculiar to certain cultures: A survey of comparative psychiatry. Journal of Mental Science, 97, 313–327.
Yap, P M. (1967). Classification of the culture-bound reactive syndromes. Australian, New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 1, 172–179.
Yap, P M. (1969). The culture-bound reactive syndromes. In W. Caudill & T. Lin (Eds.), Mental health research in Asia and the Pacific. Honolulu: East-West Center Press.
Zubin, J. (1969). Cross-national study of diagnosis of the mental disorders: Methodology and planning. American Journal of Psychiatry, 125 (Suppl.), 12–20
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Butcher, J.N., Narikiyo, T., Vitousek, K.B. (1993). Understanding Abnormal Behavior in Cultural Context. In: Sutker, P.B., Adams, H.E. (eds) Comprehensive Handbook of Psychopathology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3008-4_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3008-4_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6310-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3008-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive