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Nature–Nurture Integration

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Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology

Abstract

The two key features of developmental psychopathology (DP) concern the importance of continuities and discontinuities across the span of development and the span between normality and disorder (Rutter, 1988; Rutter & Sroufe, 2000; Sroufe & Rutter, 1984). Both, however, required a shift from what has been traditional in developmental psychology and in child psychiatry (Rutter, 2003). Thus, developmental psychology has tended to focus particularly on developmental universals and on trait continuities over time, whereas DP demands a focus on individual differences and on the growing psychological cohesion that may extend across traits and on the modifications and changes that derive from altered circumstances. Child psychiatry, on the other hand, has tended to concentrate on the causes and course of individual diagnostic conditions. Of course, these are important, but what is different about a DP perspective is that it is necessary to go on to pose questions such as those involving age-related variations in susceptibility to stress, the extent to which development of disorder is dependent on prior circumstances at an earlier age, the query as to whether there are points in development when psychological qualities become relatively stabilized, and the question as to why some psychopathological patterns become so much more common during adolescence than they had been in childhood. DP concepts emphasize that both continuities and discontinuities have to be considered and that a central concern has to involve determination of the mediating mechanisms involved in both change and stability.

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  1. MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK

    Michael Rutter M.D.

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Correspondence to Michael Rutter M.D. .

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  1. Institute for the Study of Child Development, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

    Michael Lewis

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA

    Karen D. Rudolph

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Rutter, M. (2014). Nature–Nurture Integration. In: Lewis, M., Rudolph, K. (eds) Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9608-3_3

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