Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Adolescent Sexual Assault: Prevalence, Risk Associates, Outcomes, and Intervention

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Adolescent Health Psychology

Abstract

Adolescence and young adulthood is a notable period of risk for sexual assault, with more than half of all rape victims experience their first rape before the age of 18. Whereas many who experience this form of violence exhibit marked resilience, adolescent sexual assault is notably associated with negative mental and physical health outcomes that may include but are not limited to depression, post-traumatic stress, sexually transmitted infections, and substance misuse. This chapter is intended to provide a brief overview of the literature regarding adolescent sexual assault, including an introduction to terminology commonly used in legal, clinical, and scientific discourse, as well as discussion of the scope of the problem of sexual assault among adolescents, a review of factors potentiating risk for sexual assault, associated physical and mental health outcomes, and a brief introduction to evidence-supported intervention and treatment relevant to sexual assault.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbey, A., McAuslan, P., & Ross, L. T. (1998). Sexual assault perpetrated by college men: The role of alcohol, misperception of sexual intent, and sexual beliefs and experiences. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20, 147–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adams, J. A., Girardin, B., & Faugno, D. (2001). Adolescent sexual assault: Documentation of acute injuries using photo-colposcopy. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 14, 175–180.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arnow, B. A. (2004). Relationships between childhood maltreatment, adult health and psychiatric outcomes, and medical utilization. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65(Suppl 12), 10–15.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, J. A., & McCloskey, L. A. (2005). Pathways to adolescent substance use among sexually abused girls. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33(1), 39–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banyard, V. L., Williams, L. M., & Siegel, J. A. (2001). The long-term mental health consequences of child sexual abuse: An exploratory study of the impact of multiple traumas in a sample of women. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14, 697–715.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boyer, D. & Fine, D. (1992). Sexual abuse as a factor in adolescent pregnancy and child maltreatment. Family Planning Perspectives, 24(1), 4–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breitenbecher, K. H. (2001). Sexual revictimization among women: A review of the literature focusing on empirical investigations. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6, 415–432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Breitenbecher, K. H., & Gidycz, C. A. (1998). An empirical evaluation of a program designed to reduce the risk of multiple sexual victimization. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 13, 472–488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Broman-Fulks, J. J., Ruggiero, K. J., Hanson, R. F., Smith, D. W., Resnick, H. S., Kilpatrick, D. G., et al. (2007). Sexual assault disclosure in relation to adolescent mental health: Results from the National Survey of Adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child an Adolescent Psychology, 36(2), 260–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2009). National Crime Victimization Survey 2009. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs. Retrieved from http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/cvict.htm#ncvs.

  • Calhoun, K. S. & Gidycz, C. A. (2002, November). Self-efficacy as a predictor of revictimization. Presentation at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Reno, NV.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casey, E. A., & Lindhorst, T. P. (2009). Toward a multi-level, ecological approach to primary prevention of sexual assault: Prevention in peer and community contexts. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 10(2), 91–114.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007). Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System 2007. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/index.htm.

  • Cohen, J. A., Deblinger, E., Mannarino, A. P., & Steer, R. (2004). A multi-site, randomized controlled trial for children with abuse-related PTSD symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(4), 393–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, J. A., Kelleher, K. J., & Mannarino, A. P. (2008). Identifying, treating, and referring traumatized children. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 162(5), 447–452.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, J., Mannarino, A. P., & Deblinger, E. (2006). Treating trauma and traumatic grief in children and adolescents. New York, NY: Guilford Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., Perel, J. M., & Staron, V. (2007). A pilot randomized trial of combined trauma-focused CBT and sertraline for childhood PTSD symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 811–819.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., & Rogal, S. (2001). Treatment practices for childhood posttraumatic stress disorder. Child Abuse and Neglect, 25, 123–135.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Combs-Lane, A. M., & Smith, D. W. (2002). Risk of sexual victimization in college women: The role of behavioral intentions and risk-taking behaviors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 17, 165–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cougle, J. R., Resnick, H. S., & Kilpatrick, D. G. (2009). A prospective examination of PTSD symptoms as risk factors for subsequent exposure to potentially traumatic events among women. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 405–411.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cross, T. P., Jones, L. M., Walsh, W. A., Simone, M., Kolko, D. J., Szczepanski, J., et al. (2008). Evaluating children’s advocacy centers’ response to child sexual abuse. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention: Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Retrieved August 15, 2011, from www.ojp.usdoj.gov.

  • Cuevas, C. A., Finkelhor, D., Turner, H. A., & Ormrod, R. K. (2007). Juvenile delinquency and victimization: A theoretical typology. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22(12), 1581–1602.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Danielson, C. K., Amstadter, A. B., et al. (2009). Trauma-related risk factors for substance use among male versus female young adults. Addictive Behaviors, 34(4), 395–399.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Danielson, C. K., de Arellano, M. A., Ehrenreich, J. T., et al. (2006). Identification of high-risk behaviors among victimized adolescents and implications for empirically supported psychosocial treatment. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 12, 364–383.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, K. C., George, W. H., & Norris, J. (2004). Women’s responses to unwanted sexual advances: The role of alcohol and inhibition confliect. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 28, 333–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, T. C., Peck, G. Q., & Storment, J. M. (1993). Acquaintance rape in the high school student. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 14, 220–224.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deas-Nesmith, D., Brady, K. T., White, R., & Campbell, S. (1999). HIV-risk behaviors in adolescent substance users. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 16(2), 169–172.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dembo, R., Schmeidler, J., & Childs, K. (2007). Correlates of male and female juvenile offender abuse experiences. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 16(3), 75–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dube, S. A., Anda, R. F., Whitfield, C. L., Brown, D. W., Felitti, D. J., Dong, M., et al. (2005). Long-term consequences of childhood sexual abuse by gender of the victim. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28, 430–437.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eadie, E. M., Runtz, M. G., & Spencer-Rodgers, J. (2008). Posttraumatic stress symptoms as a mediator between sexual assault and adverse health outcomes in undergraduate women. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21, 540–547.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Edinburgh, L., Saewyc, E., & Levitt, C. (2008). Caring for young adolescent sexual abuse victims in a hospital-based children’s advocacy center. Child Abuse and Neglect, 32, 1119–1126.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ehlert, U., Heim, C., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1999). Chronic pelvic pain as a somatoform disorder. Psychotherapy and Psychomatics, 68, 87–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fargo, J. D. (2009). Pathways to adult sexual revictimization: Direct and indirect behavioral risk factors across the lifespan. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24, 1771–1791.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fay, K. E., & Medway, F. J. (2006). An acquaintance rape education program for students transitioning to high school. Sex Education, 6, 223–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fergusson, D. M., Boden, J. M., & Horwood, L. J. (2008). The developmental antecedents of illicit drug use: Evidence from a 25-year longitudinal study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 96, 165–177.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fergusson, D., Lynskey, M., & Horwood, L. (1996). Childhood sexual abuse and psychiatric disorder in young adulthood, I: Prevalence of sexual abuse and factors associated with sexual abuse. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 1355–1364.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R., Turner, H., & Hamby, S. L. (2005). The victimization of children and youth: A comprehensive, national survey. Child Maltreatment, 10, 5–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Finkelhor, D., Turner, J., Ormrod, R., Hamby, S., & Kracke, K. (2009, October). Children’s exposure to violence: A comprehensive national survey (NCJ 227744). Accessed at: www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/227744.pdf.

  • Fisher, B. S., Cullen, F. T., & Turner, M. G. (2000). The sexual victimization of women. NCJ 182369. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford, J. D., Racusin, R., Ellis, C. G., Davis, W. B., Reiser, J., Fleischer, A., et al. (2000). Child maltreatment, other trauma exposure, and posttraumatic symptomatology among children with oppositional defiant and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorders. Child Maltreatment, 5, 205–217.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foshee, V. A., Bauman, K. E., Arriaga, X. B., Helms, R. W., Koch, G. G., & Linder, G. F. (1998). An evaluation of safe dates, an adolescent dating violence prevention program. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 45–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foster, J. D., Kuperminc, G. P., & Price, A. W. (2004). Gender differences in posttraumatic stress and related symptoms among inner-city minority youth exposed to community violence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33(1), 59–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, C. A. (2010). Physically forced, alcohol-induced, and verbally coerced sexual victimization: Assessing risk factors among university women. Journal of Criminal Justice, 38, 149–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuemmeler, B. F., Dedert, E., McClernon, F. J., & Beckham, J. C. (2009). Adverse childhood events are associated with obesity and disordered eating: Results from a U.S. population-based survey of young adults. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22, 329–333.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garrity, S. E. (2011). Sexual assault prevention programs for college-aged me: A critical evaluation. Journal of Forensic Nursing, 7(1), 40–48.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gidycz, C. A., Hanson, K., & Layman, M. (1995). A prospective analysis of the relationships among sexual assault experiences: An extension of previous findings. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 19, 5–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gidycz, C. A., McNamara, J. R., & Edwards, K. M. (2006). Women’s risk perception and sexual victimization: A review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11, 441–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gidycz, C. A., Rich, C. L., & Marioni, N. L. (2002). Interventions to prevent rape and sexual assault. In J. Petrak & B. Hedge (Eds.), The trauma of adult sexual assault: Treatment, prevention, and policy (pp. 235–260). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilboa-Schetctman, E., Foa, E. B., Shafran, N., Aderka, I. M., Powers, M. B., Rachamim, L., et al. (2010). Prolonged exposure versus dynamic therapy for adolescent PTSD: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49, 1034–1042.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Golding, J. M. (1996). Sexual assault history and women’s reproductive and sexual health. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20, 101–121.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Golding, J. M., Cooper, M. L., & George, L. K. (1997). Sexual assault history and health perceptions: Seven general population studies. Health Psychology, 16, 417–425.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Golding, J. M., Taylor, D. L., Menard, L., & King, M. J. (2000). Prevalence of sexual abuse history in a sample of women seeking treatment for premenstrual syndrome. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 21, 69–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, J., Salus, M. K., Wolcott, D., & Kennedy, K. Y. (2003). A coordinated response to child abuse and neglect: The foundation for practice. United States Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families. Washington, DC: U.S. Retrieved November, 2010, from http://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/usermanuals/foundation/foundationo.cfm.

  • Hamburger, M. E., Leeb, R. T., & Swahn, M. H. (2008). Child maltreatment and early alcohol use among high-risk adolescents. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 69, 291–295.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, R. F., Bontrager, C., Self-Brown, S., et al. (2008). Relations among gender, violence exposure, and mental health: The National Survey of Adolescents. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 78, 313–321.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, R. K., & Broom, I. (2005). The utility of cumulative meta-analysis: Application to programs for reducing sexual violence. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17(4), 357–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, K. A., & Gidycz, C. A. (1993). Evaluation of a sexual assault prevention program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61(6), 1046–1052.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, R., Kievit, L., Saunders, B., Smith, D., Kilpatrick, D., Resnick, H., et al. (2003). Correlates of adolescent reports of sexual assault: Findings from the National Survey of Adolescents. Child Maltreatment, 8(4), 261–272.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, T. C. (2003). National Crime Victimization Survey, 1995–2000: Violent victimization of college students. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedtke, K. A., Ruggiero, K. J., Fitzgerald, M. M., Zinzow, H. M., Saunders, B. E., Resnick, H. S., et al. (2008). A longitudinal investigation of interpersonal violence in relation to mental health and substance use. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 633–647.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hines, D. A. (2007). Predictors of sexual coercion against women and men: A multilevel, multi-national study of university students. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 36, 403–422.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Humphrey, S. E., & Kahn, A. S. (2000). Fraternities, athletic teams, and rape: Importance of identification with a risky group. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15, 1313–1322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Humphrey, J. A., & White, J. W. (2000). Women’s vulnerability to sexual assault from adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of Adolescent Health, 27, 419–424.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jaycox, L., McCaffrey, D., Eiseman, B., Aronoff, J., Shelley, G., Collins, R., et al. (2006). Impact of a school-based dating violence prevention program among Latino teens: Randomized controlled effectiveness trial. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39, 694–704.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kawsar, M., Anfield, A., Walters, E., McCabe, S., & Forster, G. E. (2004). Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and mental health needs of female child and adolescent survivors of rape and sexual assault attending a specialist clinic. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 80, 138–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, P., & Koh, J. (2006). Sexually transmitted infections in alleged sexual abuse of children and adolescents. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 42, 434–440.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kilpatrick, K., Acierno, R., Saunders, B., Resnick, H., Best, C., & Schnurr, P. (2000). Risk factors for adolescent substance abuse and dependence: Data from a national sample. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 19–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kilpatrick, D. G., Edmunds, C. N., & Seymour, A. K. (1992). Rape in America: A report to the nation. Arlington, VA: National Victim Center and Medical University of South Carolina.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H. S., Ruggiero, K. J., Conoscenti, L. M., & McCauley, J. L. (2007, July). Drug-facilitated, incapacitated, and forcible rape: A National Study. Report to National Institute of Justice. Accessed at www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/219181/pdf.

  • Kilpatrick, D. G., Ruggiero, K. J., Acierno, R., Saunders, B. E., Resnick, H. S., & Best, C. L. (2003a). Violence and risk of PTSD, major depression, substance abuse/dependence, and comorbidity: Results from the National Survey of Adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(4), 692–700.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kilpatrick, D., Saunders, B., & Smith, D. (2003b). Youth victimization: Prevalence and implications. (NIJ Research in Brief). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kingston, S., & Raghavan, C. (2009). The relationship of sexual abuse, early initiation of substance use, and adolescent trauma to PTSD. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22(1), 65–68.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klaczynski, P. A. (2001). Analytic and heuristic processing influences on adolescent reasoning and decision making. Child Development, 72, 844–861.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koenen, K. C., Fu, Q. J., Lyons, M. J., Toomey, R., Goldberg, J., Eisen, S. A., et al. (2005). Juvenile conduct disorder as a risk factor for trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 23–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koss, M. P., & Gidycz, C. A. (1985). Sexual experiences survey: Reliability and validity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 422–423.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krebs, C. P., Lindquist, C. H., Warner, T. D., Fisher, B. S., & Martin, S. L. (2009). The differential risk factors of physically forced and alcohol- or other drug-enabled sexual assault among university women. Violence and Victims, 24, 302–321.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Macy, R. J. (2007). A coping theory framework toward preventing sexual revictimization. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12, 177–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Males, M., & Chew, K. S. Y. (1996). The ages of fathers in California adolescent births, 1993. American Journal of Public Health, 86, 565–568.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCann, J., Miyamoto, S., Boyle, C., & Rogers, K. (2007). Healing of hymenal injuries in prepubertal and adolescent girls: A descriptive study. Pediatrics, 119, 1094–1106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCauley, J. L., Conoscenti, L. M., Ruggiero, K. J., Resnick, H. S., Saunders, B. E., & Kilpatrick, D. G. (2009). Prevalence and correlates of drug/alcohol-facilitated and incapacitated sexual assault in a nationally representative sample of adolescent girls. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 38, 295–300.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McLeer, S. V., Dixon, J. F., Henry, D., Ruggiero, K., Escovitz, K., Niedda, T., et al. (1998). Psychopathology in non-clinically referred sexually abused children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 1326–1333.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, A. K., Markman, K. D., & Handley, I. M. (2007). Self-blame among sexual assault victims prospectively predicts revictimization: A perceived sociolegal context model of risk. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 29, 129–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molnar, B. E., Buka, S. L., & Kessler, R. C. (2001). Child sexual abuse and subsequent psychopathology: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 753–760.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, E., Heath, A., Madden, P., et al. (2002). Association between self-reported childhood sexual abuse and adverse psychosocial outcomes: Results from a twin study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, 139–146.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Newman, M. G., Clayton, L., Zuellig, A., Cashman, L., Arnow, B., Dea, R., et al. (2000). The relationship of childhood sexual abuse and depression with somatic symptoms and medical utilization. Psychological Medicine, 30, 1063–1077.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noll, J. G., Shenk, C. E., & Putnam, K. T. (2009). Childhood sexual abuse and adolescent pregnancy: A meta-analytic update. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 34, 366–378.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peterlin, B. L., Ward, T., Lidicker, J., & Levin, M. (2007). A retrospective, comparative study on the frequency of abuse in migraine and chronic daily headache. Headache, 47, 397–401.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, F. W. (2003). Ten-year research update review: Child sexual abuse. Journal of the American Acedemy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42(3), 269–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rennison, C. M. (2002). Rape and sexual assault: Reporting to police and medical attention, 1992–2000. Bureau of Justice Report, NCJ 194530. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.

    Google Scholar 

  • Resnick, H. S., Holmes, M. M., Kilpatrick, D. G., Clum, G., Acierno, R., Best, C. L., et al. (2000). Predictors of post-rape medical care in a national sample of women. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 19, 214–219.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robb, A. S., Cueva, J. E., Sporn, J., Yang, R., & Vanderberg, D. G. (2008). Sertraline treatment of children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 20, 463–471.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rohde, P., Ichikawa, L., Simon, G. E., Ludman, E. J., Linde, J. A., Jeffery, R. W., et al. (2008). Associations of child sexual and physical abuse with obesity and depression in middle-aged women. Child Abuse and Neglect, 32, 878–887.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, C. (2005). Childhood sexual abuse and psychosomatic symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome. Journal of Childhood Sexual Abuse, 14, 27–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sachs-Ericsson, N., Blazer, D., Plant, E. A., & Arnow, B. (2005). Childhood sexual and physical abuse and 1-year prevalence of medical problems in the National Comorbidity Survey. Health Psychology, 24, 32–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schewe, P. A. (2007). Interventions to prevent sexual violence. In L. S. Doll, S. E. Bonzo, J. A. Mercy, & D. A. Sleet (Eds.), Handbook of injury and violence prevention (pp. 223–240). New York: Springer Science.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sexual abuse. (2006). In Webster’s New World Law Dictionary. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharpe, D., & Faye, C. (2006). Non-epileptic seizures and child sexual abuse: A critical review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 1020–1040.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, R. M., Schubert, C. J., Myers, P. A., & Shapiro, R. A. (1995). The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in children and adolescents evaluated for sexual abuse in Cincinnati: Rationale for limited STD testing in prepubertal girls. Pediatrics, 96, 1090–1094.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, J. A., & Williams, L. M. (2003). The relationship between child sexual abuse and female delinquency and crime: A prospective study. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 40(1), 71–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, L. J., Welsh, B., & Senna, J. J. (2003). Juvenile delinquency: Theory, practice, and law. Belmont, CA: Thompson/Wadsworth.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, T. L., & Miller, W. R. (2002). Concomitance between child sexual and physical abuse and substance use problems: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 27–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D. W., Witte, T. H., & Fricker-Elhai, A. E. (2006). Service outcomes in physical and sexual abuse cases: A comparison of Child Advocacy Center-based and standard services. Child Maltreat­ment, 11, 354–360.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sobsey, D., Randall, W., & Parrila, R. (1997). Gender differences in abused children whose experiences were documented by videotape. Child Abuse and Neglect, 21, 707–720.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sochting, I., Fairbrother, N., & Kocj, W. J. (2004). Sexual assault of women: Prevention efforts and risk factors. Violence Against Women, 10(1), 73–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, T. N., Ruggiero, K. J., Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H. S., & Saunders, B. E. (2005). Variables differentiating singly and multiply victimized youth: Results from the National Survey of Adolescents and implications for secondary prevention. Child Maltreatment, 10, 211–223.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, A., Livingston, M., & Dennison, S. (2008). Transitions and turning points: Examining the links between child maltreatment and juvenile offending. Child Abuse and Neglect, 32, 51–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sugar, N. F., Fine, D. N., & Eckert, L. O. (2004). Physical injury after sexual assault: Findings of a large case series. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 190, 71–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Testa, M., Hoffman, J. H., & Livingston, J. A. (2010). Alcohol and sexual risk behaviors as mediators of the sexual victimization-revictimization relationship. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 249–259.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, M. P., Arias, I., Basile, K. C., & Desai, S. (2002). The association between childhood physical and sexual victimization and health problems in adulthood in a nationally representative sample of women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 17, 1115–1129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thornberry, T., Ireland, T., & Smith, C. (2001). The importance of timing: The varying impact of childhood and adolescent maltreatment on multiple problem outcomes. Development and Psychopathology, 13(4), 957–979.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2000). Full report of the prevalence, incidence, and consequences of violence against women: Findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NCJ183781.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, H. A., Finkelhor, D., & Ormrod, R. (2006). The effect of lifetime victimization on the mental health of children and adolescents. Social Science and Medicine, 62, 13–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1998). Child Maltreatment 1996: Reports from the States to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • United States Department of Justice. (2008). Criminal victimization in the United States, 2006 statistical tables. National crime victimization survey. Washington, DC, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waldrop, A. E., Hanson, R. F., Resnick, H. S., Kilpatrick, D. G., Naugle, A. E., & Saunders, B. E. (2007). Risk factors for suicidal behavior among a National sample of adolescents: Implications for prevention. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20, 869–879.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, E. A., Keegan, D., Gardner, G., Sullivan, M., Bernstein, D., & Katon, W. J. (1997). Psychosocial factors in fibromyalgia compared with rheumatoid arthritis: II. Sexual, physical, and emotional abuse and neglect. Psychosomatic Medicine, 59, 572–577.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wekerle, C., & Wolfe, D. A. (1999). Dating violence in mid-adolescence: Theory, significance, and emerging prevention initiatives. Clinical Psychology Review, 19(4), 435–456.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Westcott, H., & Jones, D. (1999). Annotation: The abuse of disabled children. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 497–506.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wethington, H. R., Hahn, R. A., Fuqua-Whitley, D. S., Sipe, T. A., Crosby, A. E., Johnson, R. L., et al. (2008). The effectiveness of interventions to reduce psychological harm from traumatic events among children and adolescents: A systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35, 287–313.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Widom, C. S., & Maxfield, M. G. (2001). An update on the “cycle of violence”. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice. National Institute of Justice.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe, D. (2006). Preventing violence in relationships: Psychological science addressing complex social issues. Canadian Psychology, 47, 44–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Ruggiero, K. J., Danielson, C. K., Resnick, H. S., Hanson, R. F., Smith, D. W., et al. (2009). Prevalence and correlates of dating violence in a National sample of adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(7), 755–762.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, M. S., Harford, K., Kinder, B., & Savell, J. K. (2007). The relationship between childhood sexual abuse and adult mental health among undergraduates: Victim gender doesn’t matter. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22, 1315–1331.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA

    Jenna L. McCauley Ph.D. & Angela M. Begle Ph.D.

  2. Family Services Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 326 Calhoun Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA

    Kristyn Zajac Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Jenna L. McCauley Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kristyn Zajac Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Angela M. Begle Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jenna L. McCauley Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, MS 0296, Reno, 89557-0062, New York, USA

    William T. O'Donohue

  2. , Department of Psychology, MS 0296, University of Nevada, Reno, North Virginia Street, Reno, 89557, Nevada, USA

    Lorraine T. Benuto

  3. , Integration Services, Aurora Mental Health Center, 11059 East Bethany Drive, Suite 105, Aurora, 80014, Colorado, USA

    Lauren Woodward Tolle

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

McCauley, J.L., Zajac, K., Begle, A.M. (2013). Adolescent Sexual Assault: Prevalence, Risk Associates, Outcomes, and Intervention. In: O'Donohue, W., Benuto, L., Woodward Tolle, L. (eds) Handbook of Adolescent Health Psychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6633-8_13

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation