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Public Insurance Systems: A Comparison of Cause-Based and Disability-Based Income Support Systems

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Handbook of Work Disability

Abstract

This chapter examines eight disability insurance systems, four cause-based systems, and four disability-based systems, in order to draw attention to the importance of system rules as contextual factors in the return-to-work process affecting people with work disability. Part 1 looks at workers’ compensation, no-fault automobile insurance, crime victims’ compensation and accident compensation, four cause-based systems, and draws on examples from Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand. Part 2 looks at the situation in four European countries, where sickness and disability insurance are available: the Netherlands, Sweden, France, and Italy. This chapter draws attention to regulatory factors that can either promote or hinder return to work, and explains how cause-based systems introduce obstacles that limit the system’s ability to support workers in the return-to-work process because of the need to prove causation of disability to justify interventions. It examines various regulatory incentives for promoting return to work in different jurisdictions and concludes by underlining the importance of considering specific system effects, acknowledging that each system is different and has its own positive and negative effects on the worker and the work environment. These issues will have repercussions both for the design of a study in a given jurisdiction or for the development of a disability prevention practice.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    ILO Convention No. C017 on Workmen’s Compensation (Accidents) and C018 on Workmen’s Compensation (Occupational Diseases), both adopted in 1925, have been ratified, respectively, by 71 and 60 countries, although neither the United States nor Canada has ratified these conventions. The conventions were revised by convention C121, the Employment Injury Benefits Convention, 1964, http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/newratframeE.htm.

  2. 2.

    ILO Convention C130, Medical Care and Sickness Benefits Convention, 1969, http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/newratframeE.htm. Fifteen countries, including several European and Latin American countries, have ratified this convention, although neither Canada nor the United States is among them. The Canadian sickness insurance system (Employment Insurance) would not meet the exigencies of this convention, which require economic support for the sick for at least 52 weeks at a minimum of 60% of the worker’s salary.

  3. 3.

    http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/CrimeJusticeAndTheLaw/VictimsOfCrime/DG_177421, consulted March 6, 2012.

  4. 4.

    Stakeholder flyer: http://library.nzfvc.org.nz/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=3754, March 6, 2012.

  5. 5.

    https://www.ncjrs.gov/ovc_archives/factsheets/cvfvca.htm consulted on March 6, 2012.

  6. 6.

    Compensation for Victims of Crime Act, R.S.O. 1990, Chapter C.24.

  7. 7.

    Accident Compensation (Experience Rating) Regulations 2011, SR 2011/22, (2011).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Ottawa, Faculty of Law, Civil Law Section, 603 King Edward, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N6N5

    Katherine Lippel LLL, LLM, FRSC

  2. Institute of Health Policy and Management, Department Health Economics, Erasmus University, 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Freek Lötters Ph.D.

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  1. Katherine Lippel LLL, LLM, FRSC
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  2. Freek Lötters Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Katherine Lippel LLL, LLM, FRSC .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Toronto, College Street 155, Toronto, M5T 3M7, Ontario, Canada

    Patrick Loisel

  2. EMGO Institute for Health and Care Resea, Department of Public and Occupational He, VU University Medical Center, AMC-UMCG-UWV-VUmc, Amsterdam, NL-1081 BT, Netherlands

    Johannes R. Anema

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Lippel, K., Lötters, F. (2013). Public Insurance Systems: A Comparison of Cause-Based and Disability-Based Income Support Systems. In: Loisel, P., Anema, J. (eds) Handbook of Work Disability. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6214-9_12

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