Abstract
Until the late 1980s, the study of resilience was relatively new with most research focusing on children (Rutter, 1985, 1987; Werner, 1984, 1990). Much of “health” related research used models grounded in pathology, which emphasized identifying and diagnosing problems and developing approaches to cure or treat problems. In the last 20 years, a more positive approach to health has been taken, with a greater emphasis on recognizing capabilities and building on a foundation of strength. Because “resilience” connotes the ability to cope effectively and adapt successfully when faced with adversity, it became a useful, popular, and perhaps novel way of viewing adaptation to stress. It was from this paradigm shift that the Resilience Scale was developed.
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Albanian, Arabic, Bahasa Indonesian, Bosnian, Chinese, Creole, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Hebrew, Icelandic, Italian, Japanese, Lithuanian, Malay, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazil and Portugal), Russian, Sinhalese, Slovakian, Slovenian, Spanish (South America/Mexico), Spanish (Spain), Sri Lankan, Swedish, Tamil, Thai, Turkish, Urdu, and Zulu
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Wagnild, G. (2013). Development and Use of the Resilience Scale (RS) with Middle-Aged and Older Adults. In: Prince-Embury, S., Saklofske, D. (eds) Resilience in Children, Adolescents, and Adults. The Springer Series on Human Exceptionality. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4939-3_11
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