Skip to main content

Challenges Related to Mental Health in the Workplace

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Occupational Health and Wellness

Part of the book series: Handbooks in Health, Work, and Disability ((SHHDW))

Abstract

Over the past decade, growing attention has been paid to the mental health of workers and its effects on the workplace. For example, the European Ministers of Health have advocated that employers include mental health programs as part of occupational health and safety (World Health Organization, 2005). The Australian Human Rights Commission (2010) acknowledged the need for workplaces to support workers with mental illnesses. Similar interests have taken root in the USA and Canada. In the USA, the President’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2003) suggested that employment for people with mental illnesses should be a national goal. The Canadian Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology (2006) raised prevention, promotion and treatment of mental illness as critical national issues. They identified the workplace as the intersection where “the human and economic dimensions of mental health and mental illness come together most evidently.”

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 509.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 649.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 649.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adler, D. A., McLaughlin, T. J., Rogers, W. H., Chang, H., Lapitsky, L., & Lerner, D. (2006). Job performance deficits due to depression. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(9), 1569–1576.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adler, L. A., Spencer, T. J., Levine, L. R., Ramsey, J. L., Tamura, R., Kelsey, D., et al. (2008). Functional outcomes in the treatment of adults with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 11(6), 720–727.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M. C., Bernert, S., Bruffaerts, R., Brugha, T. S., Bryson, H., et al. (2004). Prevalence of mental disorders in Europe: Results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Supplementum, (420), 21–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alonso, J., Petukhova, M., Vilagut, G., Chatterji, S., Heeringa, S., Ustun, T. B., et al. (2011). Days out of role due to common physical and mental conditions: Results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys. Molecular Psychiatry, 16(12), 1234–1246.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amick, B. C., 3rd, Kawachi, I., Coakley, E. H., Lerner, D., Levine, S., & Colditz, G. A. (1998). Relationship of job strain and iso-strain to health status in a cohort of women in the United States. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 24(1), 54–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, G. (2008). Reducing the burden of depression. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 53(7), 420–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anthony, W. A., Cohen, M. R., Farkas, M. D., & Gagne, C. (2002). Psychiatric rehabilitation (2nd ed.). Boston: Massachusetts Boston University, Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Appelberg, K., Romanov, K., Heikkila, K., Honkasalo, M. L., & Koskenvuo, M. (1996). Interpersonal conflict as a predictor of work disability: A follow-up study of 15,348 Finnish employees. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 40(2), 157–167.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baumeister, H., & Harter, M. (2007). Prevalence of mental disorders based on general population surveys. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42(7), 537–546.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baune, B. T., Adrian, I., & Jacobi, F. (2007). Medical disorders affect health outcome and general functioning depending on comorbid major depression in the general population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 62(2), 109–118.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, D. R., Baker, S. R., Carlson, L., Flint, L., Howell, R., Lindsay, S., et al. (2007). Critical strategies for implementing supported employment. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 27(1), 13–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, D. R., & Drake, R. E. (1994). Individual placement and support: A community mental health center approach to vocational rehabilitation. Community Mental Health Journal, 30(2), 193–206.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bendix, T., & Bendix, A. (1994). Different training programs for chronic low back pain–A randomized, blinded one-year follow-up study. Paper presented at the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine, Seattle.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bendix, A. E., Bendix, T., Vaegter, K., Lund, C., Frolund, L., & Holm, L. (1996). Multidisciplinary intensive treatment for chronic low back pain: A randomized, prospective study. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 63(1), 62–69.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Birnbaum, H. G., Kessler, R. C., Kelley, D., Ben-Hamadi, R., Joish, V. N., & Greenberg, P. E. (2010). Employer burden of mild, moderate, and severe major depressive disorder: Mental health services utilization and costs, and work performance. Depression and Anxiety, 27(1), 78–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blonk, R. W., Brenninkmeijer, V., Lagerveld, S. E., & Houtman, I. (2006). Return to work: A comparison of two cognitive behavioural interventions in cases of work-related psychological complaints among the self-employed. Work and Stress, 20(2), 129–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bond, G. R., Drake, R. E., & Becker, D. R. (2008). An update on randomized controlled trials of evidence-based supported employment. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 31(4), 280–290.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bourbonnais, R., Comeau, M., Vezina, M., & Dion, G. (1998). Job strain, psychological distress, and burnout in nurses. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 34(1), 20–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bourbonnais, R., & Mondor, M. (2001). Job strain and sickness absence among nurses in the province of Quebec. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 39(2), 194–202.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bowden, C. L. (2005). Bipolar disorder and work loss. The American Journal of Managed Care, 11(3 Suppl), S91–S94.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Braden, J. B., Zhang, L., Zimmerman, F. J., & Sullivan, M. D. (2008). Employment outcomes of persons with a mental disorder and comorbid chronic pain. Psychiatric Services, 59(8), 878–885.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Briand, C., Durand, M. J., St-Arnaud, L., & Corbiere, M. (2007). Work and mental health: Learning from return-to-work rehabilitation programs designed for workers with musculoskeletal disorders. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 30(4–5), 444–457.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buist-Bouwman, M. A., de Graaf, R., Vollebergh, W. A., & Ormel, J. (2005). Comorbidity of physical and mental disorders and the effect on work-loss days. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 111(6), 436–443.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burns, T., Catty, J., Becker, T., Drake, R. E., Fioritti, A., Knapp, M., et al. (2007). The effectiveness of supported employment for people with severe mental illness: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 370(9593), 1146–1152.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burton, W. N., & Conti, D. J. (1998). Use of an integrated health data warehouse to measure the employer costs of five chronic disease states. Disease Management, 1(1), 17–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bystritsky, A., Kerwin, L., Niv, N., Natoli, J. L., Abrahami, N., Klap, R., et al. (2010). Clinical and subthreshold panic disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 27(4), 381–389.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, K., Bond, G. R., Gervey, R., Pascaris, A., Tice, S., & Revell, G. (2007). Does type of provider organization affect fidelity to evidence-based supported employment? Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 27, 3–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caveen, M., Dewa, C. S., & Goering, P. (2006). The influence of workplace factors on return to work outcomes. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 25(2), 121–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cherry, N. M., Chen, Y., & McDonald, J. C. (2006). Reported incidence and precipitating factors of work-related stress and mental ill-health in the United Kingdom (1996–2001). Occupational Medicine (London), 56(6), 414–421.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cherry, N. M., & McDonald, J. C. (2002). The incidence of work-related disease reported by occupational physicians, 1996–2001. Occupational Medicine (London), 52(7), 407–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, C., Pike, C., McManus, S., Harris, J., Bebbington, P., Brugha, T., et al. (2012). The contribution of work and non-work stressors to common mental disorders in the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Psychological Medicine, 42(4), 829–842.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clays, E., De Bacquer, D., Leynen, F., Kornitzer, M., Kittel, F., & De Backer, G. (2007). Job stress and depression symptoms in middle-aged workers–prospective results from the Belstress study. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 33(4), 252–259.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clumeck, N., Kempenaers, C., Godin, I., Dramaix, M., Kornitzer, M., Linkowski, P., et al. (2009). Working conditions predict incidence of long-term spells of sick leave due to depression: Results from the Belstress I prospective study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 63(4), 286–292.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohidon, C., Imbernon, E., & Gorldberg, M. (2009). Prevalence of common mental disorders and their work consequences in France, according to occupational category. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 52(2), 141–152.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Comino, E. J., Harris, E., Chey, T., Manicavasagar, V., Penrose Wall, J., Powell Davies, G., et al. (2003). Relationship between mental health disorders and unemployment status in Australian adults. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 37(2), 230–235.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conti, D. J., & Burton, W. N. (1994). The economic impact of depression in a workplace. Journal of Occupational Medicine, 36(9), 983–988.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, J. A., Leff, H. S., Blyler, C. R., Gold, P. B., Goldberg, R. W., Mueser, K. T., et al. (2005). Results of a multisite randomized trial of supported employment interventions for individuals with severe mental illness. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(5), 505–512.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corbiere, M., Lanctot, N., Lecomte, T., Latimer, E., Goering, P., Kirsh, B., et al. (2010). A pan-Canadian evaluation of supported employment programs dedicated to people with severe mental disorders. Community Mental Health Journal, 46(1), 44–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corey, D. T., Koepfler, L. E., Etlin, D., & Day, H. I. (1996). A limited functional restoration program for injured workers: A randomized trial. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 6, 239–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corrigan, P. W., Mueser, K. T., Bond, G. R., Drake, R. E., & Solomon, P. (2008). Principles and practice of psychiatric rehabilitation: An empirical approach. New York: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowther, R. E., Marshall, M., Bond, G. R., & Huxley, P. (2001). Helping people with severe mental illness to obtain work: Systematic review. BMJ, 322(7280), 204–208.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D’Souza, R. M., Strazdins, L., Clements, M. S., Broom, D. H., Parslow, R., & Rodgers, B. (2005). The health effects of jobs: Status, working conditions, or both? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 29(3), 222–228.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D’Souza, R. M., Strazdins, L., Lim, L. L., Broom, D. H., & Rodgers, B. (2003). Work and health in a contemporary society: Demands, control, and insecurity. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57(11), 849–854.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de las Heras, C. G., Llerena, V., & Kielhofner, G. (2003). The remotivation process: Model of human occupation clearinghouse. Chicago: College of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dersh, J., Gatchel, R. J., Polatin, P., & Mayer, T. (2002). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with chronic work-related musculoskeletal pain disability. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine/American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 44(5), 459–468.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dewa, C. S., Burke, A., Hardaker, D., Caveen, M., & Baynton, M. A. (2006). Mental health training programs for managers: What do managers find valuable? Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 25(2), 221–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewa, C. S., Chau, N., & Dermer, S. (2009). Factors associated with short-term disability episodes. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 51(12), 1394–1402.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dewa, C. S., Chau, N., & Dermer, S. (2010). Examining the comparative incidence and costs of physical and mental health-related disabilities in an employed population. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 52(7), 758–762.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dewa, C. S., Chen, M. C., Chau, N., & Dermer, S. (2011). Examining factors associated with the length of short-term disability-free days among workers with previous short-term disability episodes. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53(6), 669–673.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dewa, C. S., Dermer, S. W., Chau, N., Lowrey, S., Mawson, S., & Bell, J. (2009). Examination of factors associated with the mental health status of principals. Work, 33(4), 439–448.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dewa, C. S., Goering, P., Lin, E., & Paterson, M. (2002). Depression-related short-term disability in an employed population. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 44(7), 628–633.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dewa, C. S., Hoch, J. S., Carmen, G., Guscott, R., & Anderson, C. (2009). Cost, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of a collaborative mental health care program for people receiving short-term disability benefits for psychiatric disorders. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(6), 379–388.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewa, C. S., Hoch, J. S., & Goering, P. (2008). Previous out-of-pocket drug expenditures and patterns of antidepressant use among workers receiving depression-related disability benefits. Healthcare Policy, 4(2), e149–e166.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dewa, C. S., Hoch, J. S., Lin, E., Paterson, M., & Goering, P. (2003). Pattern of antidepressant use and duration of depression-related absence from work. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 183, 507–513.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dewa, C. S., & Lin, E. (2000). Chronic physical illness, psychiatric disorder and disability in the workplace. Social Science and Medicine, 51(1), 41–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dewa, C. S., Lin, E., Corbiere, M., & Shain, M. (2010). Examining the mental health of the working population: Organizations, individuals and haystacks. In D. Streiner & J. Cairney (Eds.), Mental disorder in Canada: An epidemiological perspective. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewa, C. S., Lin, E., Kooehoorn, M., & Goldner, E. (2007). Association of chronic work stress, psychiatric disorders, and chronic physical conditions with disability among workers. Psychiatric Services, 58(5), 652–658.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dewa, C. S., McDaid, D., & Ettner, S. L. (2007). An international perspective on worker mental health problems: Who bears the burden and how are costs addressed? Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 52(6), 346–356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewa, C. S., Thompson, A. H., & Jacobs, P. (2011a). Relationships between job stress and worker perceived responsibilities and job characteristics. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2(1), 37–46.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dewa, C. S., Thompson, A. H., & Jacobs, P. (2011b). The association of treatment of major depressive episodes and work productivity. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 56(12), 743–750.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drake, R. E., & Bond, G. R. (2008). Supported employment: 1998 to 2008. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 31(4), 274–276.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Druss, B. G., Rosenheck, R. A., & Sledge, W. H. (2000). Health and disability costs of depressive illness in a major U.S. corporation. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(8), 1274–1278.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Druss, B. G., Schlesinger, M., & Allen, H. M., Jr. (2001). Depressive symptoms, satisfaction with health care, and 2-year work outcomes in an employed population. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(5), 731–734.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Durand, M. J., & Briand, C. (2011). Interventions/programmes de retour au travail destinés aux travailleurs ayant un trouble mental transitoire. In M. Corbiere & M. J. Durand (Eds.), Du trouble mental à l’incapacité au travail: Une perspective transdisciplinaire qui vise à mieux saisir cette problématique et à offrir des pistes d’interventions. Québec: Presses de l’Université du Québec.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durand, M. J., Corbiere, M., Briand, C., Coutu, M. F., St-Arnaud, L., & Charpentier, N. (2011). Les facteurs reliés aux absences prolongées du travail en raison d’un trouble mental transitoire: Développement d’un outil de mesure. Montréal: Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST).

    Google Scholar 

  • Durand, M. J., Coutu, M. F., St-Arnaud, L., & Corbiere, M. (2009). Therapeutic return-to-work program: Can it be adapted for common mental health disorders? Annual Canadian Congress for Research on Mental Health and Addiction in the Workplace, 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durand, M. J., & Loisel, P. (2001). La transformation de la réadaptation au travail d’une perspective parcellaire à une perspective systémique. Perspectives interdisciplinaires sur le travail et la santé (PISTES), 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durand, M. J., Loisel, P., & Charpentier, N. (2004). Le programme de Retour Thérapeutique au Travail (RTT): un ­programme de réadaption au travail basé sur les données probantes. Longueuil: Centre de recherche clinique en réadaptation au travail PRÉVICAP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durand, M. J., Vachon, B., Hong, Q. N., Imbeau, D., Amick, B. C., 3rd, & Loisel, P. (2004). The cross-cultural ­adaptation of the Work Role Functioning Questionnaire in Canadian French. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 27(4), 261–268.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Durand, M. J., Vachon, B., Loisel, P., & Berthelette, D. (2003). Constructing the program impact theory for an ­evidence-based work rehabilitation program for workers with low back pain. Work, 21(3), 233–242.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ettner, S. L., Frank, R. G., & Kessler, R. (1997). The impact of psychiatric disorders on labor market outcomes. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 51(1), 64–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ettner, S. L., & Grzywacz, J. G. (2001). Workers’ perceptions of how jobs affect health: A social ecological perspective. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6(2), 101–113.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Falardeau, M., & Durand, M. J. (2002). Negotiation-centred versus client-centred: Which approach should be used? Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy. Revue Canadienne d’ergotherapie, 69(3), 135–142.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Faragher, E. B., Cass, M., & Cooper, C. L. (2005). The relationship between job satisfaction and health: A meta-­analysis. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62(2), 105–112.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farkas, M. D., Sullivan-Soydan, A., & Gagne, C. (2001). An introduction to rehabilitation readiness. Boston, MA: Boston University, Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fougeyrollas, P., Noreau, L., Bergeron, H., Cloutier, R., Dion, S. A., & St-Michel, G. (1998). Social consequences of long term impairments and disabilities: Conceptual approach and assessment of handicap. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 21(2), 127–141.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Franche, R. L., Carnide, N., Hogg-Johnson, S., Cote, P., Breslin, F. C., Bultmann, U., et al. (2009). Course, diagnosis, and treatment of depressive symptomatology in workers following a workplace injury: A prospective cohort study. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 54(8), 534–546.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frone, M. R. (2000). Interpersonal conflict at work and psychological outcomes: Testing a model among young workers. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(2), 246–255.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gatchel, R. J., & Okifuji, A. (2006). Evidence-based scientific data documenting the treatment and cost-effectiveness of comprehensive pain programs for chronic nonmalignant pain programs for chronic nonmalignant pain. The Journal of Pain, 7(11), 779–793.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Godin, I., Kornitzer, M., Clumeck, N., Linkowski, P., Valente, F., & Kittel, F. (2009). Gender specificity in the ­prediction of clinically diagnosed depression. Results of a large cohort of Belgian workers. Social Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiology, 44(7), 592–600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, R. J., & Steury, S. (2001). Depression in the workplace: Costs and barriers to treatment. Psychiatric Services, 52(12), 1639–1643.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, P. E., Kessler, R. C., Birnbaum, H. G., Leong, S. A., Lowe, S. W., Berglund, P. A., et al. (2003). The economic burden of depression in the United States: How did it change between 1990 and 2000? The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 64(12), 1465–1475.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, P. E., Stiglin, L. E., Finkelstein, S. N., & Berndt, E. R. (1993). The economic burden of depression in 1990. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 54(11), 405–418.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grzywacz, J. G., & Ettner, S. L. (2000). Lost time on the job: The effect of depression versus physical health conditions. The Economics of Neuroscience, 2(6), 41–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guzman, J., Esmail, R., Karjalainen, K., Malmivaara, A., Irvin, E., & Bombardier, C. (2001). Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for chronic low back pain: Systematic review. British Medical Journal, 322, 1511–1516.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Health Insurance Association of America [HIAA]. (1995). Disability claims for mental and nervous disorders. Washington, DC: Health Insurance Association of America.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hensel, J., Bender, A., Bacchiochi, J., Pelletier, M., & Dewa, C. S. (2010). A descriptive study of a specialized worker’s psychological trauma program. Occupational Medicine (London), 60(8), 654–657.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hildebrandt, J., Pfingsten, M., Saur, P., & Jansen, J. (1997). Prediction of success from a multidisciplinary treatment program for chronic low back pain. Spine, 22, 990–1001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoch, J. S., & Dewa, C. S. (2008). Issues of kind of analysis and decision rule. In A. C. E. Tompa & R. Dolinschi (Eds.), Economic evaluation of interventions for occupational health and safety: Developing good practice (pp. 147–163). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, D. L., Dukes, E. M., & Wittchen, H. U. (2008). Human and economic burden of generalized anxiety disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 25(1), 72–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holden, L., Scuffham, P. A., Hilton, M. F., Ware, R. S., Vecchio, N., & Whiteford, H. A. (2011). Health-related productivity losses increase when the health condition is co-morbid with psychological distress: Findings from a large cross-sectional sample of working Australians. BMC Public Health, 11, 417.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ibrahim, S. A., Scott, F. E., Cole, D. C., Shannon, H. S., & Eyles, J. (2001). Job strain and self-reported health among working women and men: An analysis of the 1994/5 Canadian National Population Health Survey. Women and Health, 33(1–2), 105–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jousset, N., Fanello, S., Bontoux, L., Dubus, V., Billabert, C., Vielle, B., et al. (2004). Effects of functional restoration versus 3 hours per week physical therapy: A randomized controlled study. Spine, 29(5), 487–493.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Judd, L. L., Schettler, P. J., Solomon, D. A., Maser, J. D., Coryell, W., Endicott, J., et al. (2008). Psychosocial disability and work role function compared across the long-term course of bipolar I, bipolar II and unipolar major depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 108(1–2), 49–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karasek, R., & Theorell, T. (1990). Healthy work: Stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life (pp. 89–103). New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kendler, K. S., Gardner, C. O., & Prescott, C. A. (2002). Toward a comprehensive developmental model for major depression in women. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(7), 1133–1145.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. C., Akiskal, H. S., Ames, M., Birnbaum, H., Greenberg, P., Hirschfeld, R. M., et al. (2006). Prevalence and effects of mood disorders on work performance in a nationally representative sample of U.S. workers. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(9), 1561–1568.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. C., & Frank, R. G. (1997). The impact of psychiatric disorders on work loss days. Psychological Medicine, 27(4), 861–873.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. C., Ormel, J., Demler, O., & Stang, P. E. (2003). Comorbid mental disorders account for the role impairment of commonly occurring chronic physical disorders: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 45(12), 1257–1266.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kielhofner, G. (2002). A model of human occupation: Theory and application (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kilian, S., & Becker, T. (2007). FIPS—families with a mentally ill parent. Psychiatrische Praxis, 34(6), 310.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kivimaki, M., Virtanen, M., Vartia, M., Elovainio, M., Vahtera, J., & Keltikangas-Jarvinen, L. (2003). Workplace bullying and the risk of cardiovascular disease and depression. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 60(10), 779–783.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Korten, A., & Henderson, S. (2000). The Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being. Common psychological symptoms and disablement. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 177, 325–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laitinen-Krispijn, S., & Bijl, R. V. (2000). Mental disorders and employee sickness absence: The NEMESIS study. Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 35(2), 71–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Latimer, E. A., Lecomte, T., Becker, D. R., Drake, R. E., Duclos, I., Piat, M., et al. (2006). Generalisability of the individual placement and support model of supported employment: Results of a Canadian randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 189, 65–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, D., Adler, D. A., Chang, H., Berndt, E. R., Irish, J. T., Lapitsky, L., et al. (2004). The clinical and occupational correlates of work productivity loss among employed patients with depression. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 46(6 Suppl), S46–S55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, D., Amick, B. C., 3rd, Lee, J. C., Rooney, T., Rogers, W. H., Chang, H., et al. (2003). Relationship of ­employee-reported work limitations to work productivity. Medical Care, 41(5), 649–659.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, D., & Henke, R. M. (2008). What does research tell us about depression, job performance, and work productivity? Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 50(4), 401–410.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lim, D., Sanderson, K., & Andrews, G. (2000). Lost productivity among full-time workers with mental disorders. The Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, 3(3), 139–146.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lim, K. L., Jacobs, P., Ohinmaa, A., Schopflocher, D., & Dewa, C. S. (2008). A new population-based measure of the economic burden of mental illness in Canada. Chronic Diseases in Canada, 28(3), 92–98.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lindstrom, M. (2005). Psychosocial work conditions, unemployment and self-reported psychological health: A population-based study. Occupational Medicine (London), 55(7), 568–571.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loisel, P., Abenhaim, L., Durand, P., Esdaile, J. M., Suissa, S., Gosselin, L., et al. (1997). A population-based, randomized clinical trial on back pain management. Spine, 22(24), 2911–2918.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loisel, P., & Corbiere, M. (2011). Compétences requises de l’intervenant qui facilite le retour ou la réintégration au travail de personnes à risque d’une incapacité prolongée. In M. Corbiere & M. J. Durand (Eds.), Du trouble mental à l’incapacité au travail: Une perspective transdisciplinaire qui vise à mieux saisir cette problématique et à offrir des pistes d’intervention (pp. 253–277). Quebec: Presses de l’Université du Québec.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loisel, P., Durand, M. J., Berthelette, D., Vezina, N., Baril, R., Gagnon, D., et al. (2001). Disability prevention: New paradigm for the management of occupational back pain. Disease Management and Health Outcomes, 9(7), 351–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loisel, P., Lemaire, J., Poitras, S., Durand, M. J., Champagne, F., Stock, S., et al. (2002). Cost-benefit and cost-­effectiveness analysis of a disability prevention model for back pain management: A six year follow up study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 59(12), 807–815.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lotters, F., Hogg-Johnson, S., & Burdorf, A. (2005). Health status, its perceptions, and effect on return to work and recurrent sick leave. Spine, 30(9), 1086–1092.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maier, R., Egger, A., Barth, A., Winker, R., Osterode, W., Kundi, M., et al. (2006). Effects of short- and long-term unemployment on physical work capacity and on serum cortisol. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 79(3), 193–198.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marcotte, D. E., Wilcox-Gok, V., & Redmon, D. P. (2000). The labor market effects of mental illness the case of affective disorders. In D. S. Salkavers & A. Sorkin (Eds.), The Economics of Disability (Research in human capital and development, Volume 13, pp 181–210). Greenwich: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcotte, D. E., Wilcox-Gok, V., & Redmon, P. D. (1999). Prevalence and patterns of major depressive disorder in the United States labor force. The Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, 2(3), 123–131.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, T., Rapp, C. A., Becker, D. R., & Bond, G. R. (2008). Key factors for implementing supported employment. Psychiatric Services, 59(8), 886–892.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marwaha, S., & Johnson, S. (2004). Schizophrenia and employment: A review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 39(5), 337–349.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, T. G., Gatchel, R. J., Mayer, H., Kishino, N. D., Keeley, J., & Mooney, V. A. (1987). A prospective two-year study of functional restoration in industrial low back injury. Journal of the American Medical Association, 258(13), 1763–1767.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, T. G., & Gatchel, R. J. (1988). Functional restoration for spinal disorders: The sports medicine approach. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAlpine, D. D., & Warner, L. (2001). Barriers to employment among persons with mental illness: A review of the literature, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research: Rutgers University.

    Google Scholar 

  • McFarlane, A. C., & Bryant, R. A. (2007). Post-traumatic stress disorder in occupational settings: Anticipating and managing the risk. Occupational Medicine (London), 57(6), 404–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mechanic, D., Bilder, S., & McAlpine, D. D. (2002). Employing persons with serious mental illness. Health Affairs, 21(5), 242–253.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meichenbaum, D. H. (1993). Stress inoculation training: A twenty year update. In R. L. Woolfolk & P. M. Lehrer (Eds.), Principles and practice of stress management. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mowbray, C. T., Holter, M. C., Teague, G. B., & Bybee, D. (2003). Fidelity criteria: Development, measurement, and validation. American Journal of Evaluation, 24(3), 315–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muschalla, B., & Linden, M. (2009). Workplace phobia–a first explorative study on its relation to established anxiety disorders, sick leave, and work-directed treatment. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 14(5), 591–605.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • New Freedom Commission on Mental Health. (2003). Achieving the promise: Transforming mental health care in America. Retrieved August 22, 2011 from http://www.nami.org/Content/NavigationMenu/Inform_Yourself/About_Public_Policy/New_Freedom_Commission/Default1169.htm.

  • Nicholas, G. (1998). Workplace effects on the stigmatization of depression. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 40(9), 793–800.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nieuwenhuijsen, K., Verbeek, J. H., de Boer, A. G., Blonk, R. W., & van Dijk, F. J. (2006). Predicting the duration of sickness absence for patients with common mental disorders in occupational health care. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 32(1), 67–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noordik, E., van Dijk, F. J., Nieuwenhuijsen, K., & van der Klink, J. J. (2009). Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an exposure-based return-to-work programme for patients on sick leave due to common mental disorders: Design of a cluster-randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 9, 140.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parent-Thirion, A., Fernández Macías, E., Hurley, J., & Vermeylen, G. (2007). Fourth European working conditions survey. Dublin: Fondation européenne pour l’amélioration des conditions de vie et de travail.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patel, A., Knapp, M., Henderson, J., & Baldwin, D. (2002). The economic consequences of social phobia. Journal of Affective Disorders, 68(2–3), 221–233.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pomaki, G., Franche, R. L., Khushrushahi, N., Murray, E., Lampinen, T., & Mah, P. (2010). Best practices for return-to-work/stay-at-work interventions for workers with mental health conditions. Vancouver: Occupational Health and Safety Agency for HealthCare in BC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapp, C. A., Etzel-Wise, D., Marty, D., Coffman, M., Carlson, L., Asher, D., et al. (2010). Barriers to evidence-based practice implementation: Results of a qualitative study. Community Mental Health Journal, 46(2), 112–118.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rinaldi, M., Miller, L., & Perkins, R. (2010). Implementing the individual placement and support (IPS) approach for people with mental health conditions in England. International Review of Psychiatry, 22(2), 163–172.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romanov, K., Appelberg, K., Honkasalo, M. L., & Koskenvuo, M. (1996). Recent interpersonal conflict at work and psychiatric morbidity: A prospective study of 15,530 employees aged 24-64. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 40(2), 169–176.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romanow, R. J. (2002). Building on values: The Future of Health Care in Canada—Final Report. Ottawa: Government of Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rugulies, R., Bultmann, U., Aust, B., & Burr, H. (2006). Psychosocial work environment and incidence of severe depressive symptoms: Prospective findings from a 5-year follow-up of the Danish work environment cohort study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 163(10), 877–887.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rytsala, H. J., Melartin, T. K., Leskela, U. S., Sokero, T. P., Lestela-Mielonen, P. S., & Isometsa, E. T. (2005). Functional and work disability in major depressive disorder. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 193(3), 189–195.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rytsala, H. J., Melartin, T. K., Leskela, U. S., Sokero, T. P., Lestela-Mielonen, P. S., & Isometsa, E. T. (2007). Predictors of long-term work disability in Major Depressive Disorder: A prospective study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 115(3), 206–213.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sairanen, S., Matzanki, D., & Smeall, D. (2011). The business case: Collaborating to help employees maintain their mental well-being. Healthcare Papers, 11(Sp), 78–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanderson, K., & Andrews, G. (2006). Common mental disorders in the workforce: Recent findings from descriptive and social epidemiology. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 51(2), 63–75.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saunders, T., Driskell, J. E., Johnston, J. H., & Salas, E. (1996). The effect of stress inoculation training on anxiety and performance. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1(2), 170–186.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scheid, T. L. (1999). Employment of individuals with mental disabilities: Business response to the ADA’s challenge. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 17(1), 73–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitz, N., Wang, J., Malla, A., & Lesage, A. (2007). Joint effect of depression and chronic conditions on disability: Results from a population-based study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 69(4), 332–338.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schulze, B., & Angermeyer, M. C. (2003). Subjective experiences of stigma. A focus group study of schizophrenic patients, their relatives and mental health professionals. Social Science and Medicine, 56(2), 299–312.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sherring, J., Robson, E., Morris, A., Frost, B., & Tirupati, S. (2010). A working reality: Evaluating enhanced intersectoral links in supported employment for people with psychiatric disabilities. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 57(4), 261–267.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shields, M. (1999). Long working hours and health. Health Rep, 11(2), 33–48 (Eng); 37-55(Fre).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shields, M. (2006). Stress and depression in the employed population. Health reports/Statistics Canada, Canadian Centre for Health Information  =  Rapports sur la sante/Statistique Canada, Centre canadien d’information sur la sante, 17(4), 11–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shirado, O., Ito, T., Kikumoto, T., Takeda, N., Minami, A., & Strax, T. E. (2005). A novel back school using a multidisciplinary team approach featuring quantitative functional evaluation and therapeutic exercises for patients with chronic low back pain. Spine, 30, 1219–1225.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siegrist, J. (2008). Chronic psychosocial stress at work and risk of depression: Evidence from prospective studies. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 258(Suppl 5), 115–119.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simon, G. E., Ludman, E. J., Unutzer, J., Operskalski, B. H., & Bauer, M. S. (2008). Severity of mood symptoms and work productivity in people treated for bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 10(6), 718–725.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J. L., Rost, K. M., Nutting, P. A., Libby, A. M., Elliott, C. E., & Pyne, J. M. (2002). Impact of primary care depression intervention on employment and workplace conflict outcomes: Is value added? The Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, 5(1), 43–49.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sroujian, C. (2003). Mental health is the number one cause of disability in Canada. The Insurance Journal, 2003, 8.

    Google Scholar 

  • St-Arnaud, L., Saint-Jean, M., & Rhéaume, J. (2003). De la désinsertion à la réinsertion professionnelle à la suite d’un arrêt de travail pour un problème de santé mentale. Santé Mentale au Québec, 28(1), 193–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stansfeld, S., & Candy, B. (2006). Psychosocial work environment and mental health–a meta-analytic review. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 32(6), 443–462.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stansfeld, S. A., Fuhrer, R., Shipley, M. J., & Marmot, M. G. (1999). Work characteristics predict psychiatric disorder: Prospective results from the Whitehall II Study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(5), 302–307.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stephens, T., & Joubert, N. (2001). The economic burden of mental health problems in Canada. Chronic Diseases in Canada, 22(1), 18–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, W. F., Ricci, J. A., Chee, E., Hahn, S. R., & Morganstein, D. (2003). Cost of lost productive work time among US workers with depression. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 289(23), 3135–3144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swain, K., Whitley, R., McHugo, G. J., & Drake, R. E. (2010). The sustainability of evidence-based practices in routine mental health agencies. Community Mental Health Journal, 46(2), 119–129.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • The Australian Human Rights Commission. (2010). Workers with mental illness: A practical guide for managers. Sydney: The Australian Human Rights Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology. (2006). Out of the shadows at last transforming mental health, Mental Illness and Addiction Services in Canada. Ottawa: The Senate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torrey, W. C., Bond, G. R., McHugo, G. J., & Swain, K. (2012). Evidence-based practice implementation in community mental health settings: The relative importance of key domains of implementation activity. Administration and policy in mental health, 39(5), 353–364

    Google Scholar 

  • Turk, D. C., & Swanson, K. (2007). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness treatment of chronic pain: An analysis and evidence-based synthesis. In M. E. Schatman & A. Campbell (Eds.), Chronic pain management: Guidelines for multidisciplinary program development. New York: Informa Healthcare.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations. (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved August 22, 2011 from http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml#a23.

  • United Nations. (1966). International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Retrieved August 21, 2011 from http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/cescr.htm.

  • van der Klink, J. J., Blonk, R. W., Schene, A. H., & van Dijk, F. J. (2003). Reducing long term sickness absence by an activating intervention in adjustment disorders: A cluster randomised controlled design. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 60(6), 429–437.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van der Klink, J. J., & van Dijk, F. J. (2003). Dutch practice guidelines for managing adjustment disorders in occupational and primary health care. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 29(6), 478–487.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Oostrom, S. H., Anema, J. R., Terluin, B., Venema, A., de Vet, H. C., & van Mechelen, W. (2007). Development of a workplace intervention for sick-listed employees with stress-related mental disorders: Intervention Mapping as a useful tool. BMC Health Services Research, 7, 127.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Oostrom, S. H., Heymans, M. W., de Vet, H. C., van Tulder, M. W., van Mechelen, W., & Anema, J. R. (2010). Economic evaluation of a workplace intervention for sick-listed employees with distress. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 67(9), 603–610.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Oostrom, S. H., van Mechelen, W., Terluin, B., de Vet, H. C., & Anema, J. R. (2009). A participatory workplace intervention for employees with distress and lost time: A feasibility evaluation within a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 19(2), 212–222.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Oostrom, S. H., van Mechelen, W., Terluin, B., de Vet, H. C., Knol, D. L., & Anema, J. R. (2010). A workplace intervention for sick-listed employees with distress: Results of a randomised controlled trial. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 67(9), 596–602.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waghorn, G., & Lloyd, C. (2005). The employment of people with Mental Illness. Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health, 4(2 Suppl), 1–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J., Adair, C. E., & Patten, S. B. (2006). Mental health and related disability among workers: A population-based study. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 49(7), 514–522.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J., Schmitz, N., Dewa, C., & Stansfeld, S. (2009). Changes in perceived job strain and the risk of major depression: Results from a population-based longitudinal study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 169(9), 1085–1091.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, P. S., Beck, A. L., Berglund, P., McKenas, D. K., Pronk, N. P., Simon, G. E., et al. (2004). Effects of major depression on moment-in-time work performance. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(10), 1885–1891.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, K. K., Chiu, R., Tang, B., Mark, D., Liu, J., & Chiu, S. N. (2008). A randomized controlled trial of a supported employment program for persons with long-term mental illness in Hong Kong. Psychiatric Services, 59(1), 84–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (2005). Mental health action plan for Europe. Facing the challenges, building solutions. Copenhagen: World Health Organization.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the excellent research assistance provided by Desmond Loong and Caitlin Finney. We would also like to thank Anja Kessler for her superb illustrations. Dr. Dewa gratefully acknowledges the support provided by her Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Public Health Agency of Canada Applied Public Health Chair. The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health receives funding from the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care to support research infrastructure and do not reflect their views. Any remaining errors are the sole responsibility of the authors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Carolyn S. Dewa .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dewa, C.S., Corbière, M., Durand, MJ., Hensel, J. (2012). Challenges Related to Mental Health in the Workplace. In: Gatchel, R., Schultz, I. (eds) Handbook of Occupational Health and Wellness. Handbooks in Health, Work, and Disability. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4839-6_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics