Abstract
Suppose we wanted to estimate the prevalence of diabetes among adults in the US, as well as the effects of diabetes risk factors in this broad target population, both with minimum bias—that is, in such a way that the estimates were truly representative of the target population. Observational cohorts that might be used for these purposes are usually convenience samples, and are often selected from subsets of the population at elevated risk. This would make it difficult to generalize sample diabetes prevalence to the broader target population. We might be more comfortable assuming that sample associations between risk factors and diabetes were valid for the broader population, but the assumption would be hard to check (Problem 12.1).
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Vittinghoff, E., Glidden, D.V., Shiboski, S.C., McCulloch, C.E. (2012). Complex Surveys. In: Regression Methods in Biostatistics. Statistics for Biology and Health. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1353-0_12
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