Skip to main content

Toward an Educated Use of IQ Tests

A Reappraisal of Intelligence Testing

  • Chapter
Advances in Clinical Child Psychology

Part of the book series: Advances in Clinical Child Psychology ((ACCP,volume 9))

Abstract

IQ testing is very much alive. Old tests are revised (e.g., WISC-R, Wechsler, 1974), and new tests (K-ABC, Kaufman & Kaufman, 1983) and books about testing (Sattler, 1982) continue to appear. Much of this activity centers around the testing of children, probably because questions about current and future developmental status arise most commonly in childhood. Insofar as the IQ is a good index of both—and there are sufficient grounds for asserting that (within limits) it is (Madge & Tizard, 1980)—the continued use of IQ tests is comprehensible.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Agras, W. S., Kazdin, A. E., and Wilson, G. T. (1979). Behavior therapy: Toward an applied clinical science. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anastasi, A. (1982). Psychological testing ( 5th ed. ). New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Angoff, W. H. (1971). Scales, norms and equivalent scores. In R. L. Thorndike (Ed.), Educational measurement ( 2nd ed., pp. 508–600 ). Washington, DC: American Council on Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barkley, R. A. (1981). Hyperactivity. In E. T. Mash and L. G. Terdal (Eds.), Behavioral assessment of childhood disorders (pp. 127–184 ). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, M. (1982). The ‘scientific approach’ to intelligence: An overview of its history with special reference to mental speed. In H. J. Ensenck (Ed.), A model for intelligence. (pp. 13–43 ) Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, M., and Yule, W. (1972). Cognitive assessment in young children with language delay. In M. Rutter and J. A. M. Martin (Eds.), The child with delayed speech (pp. 120–135 ). London: Spastics International Medical Publications/Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, M., and Yule, W. (1985). IQ tests and the assessment of mental handicap. In A. M. Clarke, A. D. B. Clarke, and J. M. Berg (Eds.), Mental deficiency: The changing outlook ( 4th ed., pp. 53–96 ). London: Methuen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bersoff, D. N. (1981). Testing and the law. American Psychologist,36, 1047–1056.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binet, A., and Simon, T. H. (1905). Methodes nouvelles pour le diagnostic de niveau intellectuel des anormaux. Anneé psychologique. 11, 191–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boring, E. G. (1957). A history of experimental psychology. New York: Appleton-CenturyCrofts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brim, O. G., and Kagan, J. (1980). Constancy and change: A view of the issues. In O. G. Brim and J. Kagan (Eds.), Constancy and change in human development (pp. 1–25 ). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butcher, H. J. (1965). Sampling in educational research. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, J. B., and Horn, J. L. (1981). On the scientific basis of ability testing. American Psychologist,36, 1012–1020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cattell, R. B. (1971). Abilities: Their structure, growth and action. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Chalmers, A. F. ( 1978 ). What is this thing called science? Milton Keynes, UK: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, A., and Rutter, M. (1985). Diagnostic appraisal and interviewing. In M. Rutter and L. Hersov (Eds.), Child and adolescent psychiatry: Modern approaches ( 2nd ed., pp. 233–248 ). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronbach, J. L. (1971). Test validation. In R. L. Thorndike (Ed.), Educational measurement

    Google Scholar 

  • nd ed., pp. 443–507). Washington, DC: American Council on Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronbach, L. J., Gleser, G. C., Nanda, H., and Rajaratnam, N. (1972). The dependability of behavioral measurements. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dudek, F. J. (1979). The continuing misinterpretation of the standard error of measurement. Psychological Bulletin,86, 335–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, C., Murray, D. J., and Pearson, L. S. (1983). The British Ability Scales (new ed.). Windsor, UK: NFER-Nelson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eysenck, H. J. (1967). Intelligence assessment: A theoretical and experimental approach. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 37, 81–98.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eysenck, H. J. (Ed.). (1973). The measurement of intelligence. Lancaster: MTP Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frank, G. (1983). The Wechsler enterprise. New York: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, F. N. (1939). Mental tests: Their history, principles and applications. New York:Harrap.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furneaux, W. D. (1961). Intellectual abilities and problem-solving behaviour. In H. J.Eysenck (Ed.), Handbook of abnormal psychology (pp. 167–192 ). New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garcia, J. (1981). The logic and limits of mental aptitude tests. American Psychologist,36, 1172–1180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, B. F. (1981). A primer of testing. American Psychologist, 36, 1001–1011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guilford, J. P. (1967). The nature of human intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gulliksen, H. (1950). Theory of mental tests. New York: Wiley.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hearnshaw, L. (1979). Cyril Burt, psychologist. London: Hodder and Stoughton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hindley, C. B., and Owen, C. F. (1978). The extent of individual changes in IQ for ages between six months and seventeen years, in a British longitudinal sample. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,19, 329–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hindley, C. B., and Owen, C. F. (1979). An analysis of individual patterns of DQ and IQ curves from 6 months to 17 years. British Journal of Psychology,70, 273–293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, H. G. (1970). Principles of psychological assessment. In P. Mittler (Ed.), Psychologi-cal assessment of mental and physical handicap (pp. 1–25 ). London: Methuen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kagan, J. (1980). Perspectives on continuity. In O. G. Brim and J. Kagan (Eds.), Constancy and change in human development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamin, L. J. (1977). The science of politics of IQ. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, A. S. (1979). Intelligent testing with the W.I.S.C.-R. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, A. S. (1980). Issues in psychological assessment. Interpreting the WISC-R intelligently. In B. B. Lahey and A. E. Kazdin (Eds.), Advances in clinical child psychology (Vol. 3, pp. 177–214 ). New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, A. S., and Kaufman, N. L. (1983). The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC). Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, A. S., and Reynolds, C. R. (1983). Clinical evaluation of intellectual function. In I.B. Weiner (Ed.), Clinical methods in psychology (pp. 100–151 ). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Korchin. S. J., and Schuldberg, D. (1981). The future of clinical assessment. American Psychol-ogist,36, 1147–1158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lord, F. M., and Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical theories of mental test scores. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lumsden, J. (1976). Test theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 251–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madge, N., and Tizard, J. (1980). Intelligence. In M. Rutter (Ed.), Scientific foundations of developmental psychiatry (pp. 245–263). London: Heinemann.McCall, R. B. (1979). Qualitative transitions in behavioral development in the first two years of life. In M. H. Bornstein and W. Kessen (Eds.), Psychological development from infancy: Image to intention (pp. 183–224 ). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, D. A. (1972). Manual for the McCarthy scales of children’s abilities. New York: Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Novick, M. R. (1966). The axioms and principal results of classical test theory. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 3, 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Payne, R. W., and Jones, H. G. (1957). Statistics for the investigation of individual cases. Journal of Clinical Psychology,13,115–121.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M., and Yule, W. (1977). Reading difficulties. In M. Rutter and L. Hersov (Eds.), Child psychiatry: Modern approaches (pp. 556–580 ). Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sattler, J. M. (1982). Assessment of children’s intelligence and special abilities ( 2nd ed. ). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silverstein, A. B. (1981). Reliability and abnormality of test score differences. Journal of Clinical Psychology,37, 392–394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spearman, C. E. (1904a). The proof and measurement of association between two things. American Journal of Psychology,15, 72–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spearman, C. E. (1904b). ‘General intelligence’ objectively determined and measured. American Journal of Psychology,15, 201–293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spearman, C. E. (1927). The abilities of man. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stuart, A. (1968). Basic ideas of scientific sampling. London: Charles Griffen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundberg, N. D., and Tyler, L. E. (1962). Clinical psychology. New York: Appleton-CenturyCrofts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorndike, R. L. (1963). The concepts of over-and under-achievement. New York: Bureau of Publications, Teachers’ College, Columbia University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorndike, R. L., Bregman, E. O., Cobb, M. V., and Woodyard, E. (1927). The measurement of intelligence. New York: Teachers’ College of Columbia University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurstone, L. L. (1938). Primary mental abilities. Psychometric Monographs, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tunstall, O., Gudjonsson, G., Eysenck, H., and Hayward, L. (1982). Professional issuesarising from psychological evidence presented in court. Bulletin of the British Psychologi-cal Society,35, 329–331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uzgiris, I. C., and Hunt, J. McV. (1975). Assessment in infancy: Ordinal scales of psychological development. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vernon, P. E. (1979). Intelligence: Heredity and environment. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. Waddington, C. H. (1977). Tools for thought. London: Palad in Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, D. (1974). Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children-revised (WISC-R). New York: Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wesman, A. G. (1966). Double-entry expectancy tables. Test Service Bulletin No. 56 (pp. 112 ). New York: Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiggins, J. S. (1973). Personality and prediction: Principles of personality assessment. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wohlwill, J. F. (1980). Cognitive development in childhood. In O. G. Brim and J. Kagan (Eds.), Constancy and change in human development (pp. 359–444 ). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, T. H. (1973). Alfred Binet. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Berger, M. (1986). Toward an Educated Use of IQ Tests. In: Lahey, B.B., Kazdin, A.E. (eds) Advances in Clinical Child Psychology. Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, vol 9. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9823-3_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9823-3_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-9825-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-9823-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics