Abstract
Children influence adults in numerous ways. Consider the couple who welcome their first healthy child into the world. Their lives are changed dramatically. One parent may have to leave a job to stay at home and provide necessary care for the infant. The parents’sleep patterns will be disrupted for several months, and each spouse will have less time and energy for the other. This can strain the marital relationship, for in coping with the demands of caring for the infant the spouses must make major adjustments in the quantity and quality of time spent with each other (Barton & Alexander, 1980; Glenn & McLanahan, 1982).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adams, G. R. (1977). Physical attractiveness research: Toward a developmental psychology of beauty. Human Development, 20, 217–239.
Adams, G. R., & Cohen, A. S. (1974). Children’s physical and interpersonal characteristics that affect student-teacher interactions. Journal of Experimental Education, 43, 1–5.
Alley, T. R. (1983a). Infantile head shape as an elicitor of adult protection. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 29, 41–427.
Alley, T. R. (1983b). Growth-produced changes in body shape and size as determinants of perceived age and adult caregiving. Child Development, 54, 241–248.
Amirkhan, J. (1982). Expectancies and attributions for hyperactive and medicated hyperactive students. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 10, 265–276.
Aries, P. (1962). Centuries of childhood: A social history of family life. New York: Knopf.
Asarnow, J. R., Lewis, J. M., Doane, J. A., Goldstein, M. J., & Rodnick, E. H. (1982). Family interaction and the course of adolescent psychopathology: An analysis of adolescent and parent effects. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 10, 427–442.
Bakan, D. (1966). Behaviorism and American urbanization. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 1, 5–28.
Baker, L., Cantwell, D., Rutter, M., & Bartak, L. (1976). Language and autism. In D. Ritvo (Ed.), Autism (pp. 121–149). New York: Spectrum.
Bandura, A. (1978). The self system in reciprocal determinism. American Psychologist, 33, 344–358.
Bandura, A. (1983). Temporal dynamics and decomposition of reciprocal determinism: A reply to Phillips and Orton. Psychological Review, 90, 166–170.
Barkley, R. A. (1981). Hyperactive children: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. New York: Guilford Press.
Barkley, R. A., & Cunningham, C. E. (1979). The effects of methylphenidate on the mother-child interactions of hyperactive children. Archives of General Psychiatry, 36, 201–208.
Barton, C., & Alexander, J. F. (1980). Functional family therapy. In A. S. Gurman & D. P. Kniskern (Eds.), Handbook of family therapy (pp. 403–443). New York: Bruner/Mazel.
Bates, J. E. (1975). Effects of a child’s imitation or nonimitation on adult’s verbal and nonverbal positivity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 840–851.
Bates, J. E. (1976). Effects of children’s nonverbal behavior on adults. Child Development, 47, 1079–1088.
Bates, J. E. (1980). The concept of difficult temperament. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 26, 299–319.
Bates, J. E., Freeland, C. A. B., & Lounsbury, M. L. (1979). Measurement of infant diffi-cultness. Child Development, 50, 794–803.
Bates, J. E., & Pettit, G. S. (1981). Adult individual differences as moderators of child effects. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 9, 329–340.
Baumrind, D. (1978). Reciprocal rights and responsibilities in parent-child relations. Journal of Social Issues, 34, 179–197.
Bell, R. Q. (1968). A reinterpretation of the direction of effects in studies of socialization. Psychological Review, 75, 81–95.
Bell, R. Q. (1977). Human infant-effects in the first year. In R. Q. Bell, & L. V. Harper (Eds.), Child effects on adults (pp. 122–148). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Bell, R. Q. (1981). Symposium on parent, child, and reciprocal influences: New experimental approaches. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 9, 299–301.
Bell, R. Q., & Harper, L. V. (1977). Child effects on adults. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Bell, S. M., & Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1972). Infant crying and maternal responsiveness. Child Development, 43, 1171–1190.
Bellinger, P. (1979). Changes in the explicitness of mother’s directives as children age. Journal of Child Language, 6, 443–458.
Belsky, J. (1980). Child maltreatment: An ecological integration. American Psychologist, 35, 320–335.
Belsky, J. (1981). Early human experience: A family perspective. Developmental Psychology, 17, 3–23.
Belsky, J., & Tolan, W. J. (1981). Infants as producers of their own development: An ecological analysis. In R. M. Lerner, & N. A. Busch-Rossnagel (Eds.), Individuals as producers of their own development: A life-span perspective (pp. 87–116). New York: Academic Press.
Berkowitz, L. (1974). Some determinants of impulsive aggression: Role of mediated associations with refinements for aggression. Psychological Review, 81, 165–176.
Berman, P. W. (1980). Are women more responsive than men to the young: A review of developmental and situational variables. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 668–695.
Berman, P. W., Cooper, P., Mansfield, P., Shields, S., & Abplanalp, J. (1975). Sex differences in attraction to infants—When do they occur? Sex Roles, 1, 311–318.
Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1974). Physical attractiveness. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 6, pp. 157–215). New York: Academic Press.
Block, J. H. (1977). Another look at sex differentiation in the socialization behaviors of mothers and fathers. In J. Sherman & F. Denmark (Eds.), Psychology of women: Future directions of research (pp. 29–87). New York: Psychological Dimensions.
Bloom, L., & Lahey, M. (1978). Language development and language disorders. New York: Wiley.
Boukydis, C. F. Z. (1981). Adult perception of infant appearance: A review. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 11, 241–254.
Boukydis, C. F. Z. & Burgess, R. L. (1982). Adult physiological response to infant cries: Effects of temperament of infant, parental status, and gender. Child Development, 53, 1291–1298.
Bousha, D. M., & Twentyman, C. T. (1984). Mother-child interactional style in abuse, neglect, and control groups: Naturalistic observations in the home. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 106–114.
Brickman, P., Rabinowitz, V. C., Karuza, J., Coates, D., Cohn, E., & Kidder, L. (1982). Models of helping and coping. American Psychologist, 37, 368–384.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32, 513–531.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Brook, J. S., Whiteman, M., & Gordon, A. S. (1983). Stages of drug use in adolescence: Personality, peer, and family correlates. Developmental Psychology, 19, 269–277.
Brooks-Gunn, J., & Matthews, W. S. (1979). He & she: How children develop their sex-role identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Broussard, E. R. (1976). Neonatal prediction and human development. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 7, 85–93.
Brunk, M. A., & Henggeler, S. W. (1984). Child influences on adult controls: An experimental investigation. Developmental Psychology, 20, 1074–1081.
Bugental, D. B., Caporeal, L., & Shennum, W. A. (1980). Experimentally produced child controlability: Effects on the potency of adult communication patterns. Child Development, 51, 520–528.
Buss, D. M. (1981). Predicting parent-child interactions from children’s activity level. Developmental Psychology, 17, 59–65.
Cameron, J. R. (1978). Parental treatment, children’s temperament, and the risk of childhood behavioral problems: 2. Initial temperament, parental attitudes, and the incidence and form of behavioral problems. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 48, 140–147.
Campbell, S. B. (1979). Patterns of mother-infant interaction in maternal ratings of temperament. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 10, 67–76.
Cantor, N. L., & Gelfand, D. M. (1977). Effects of responsiveness and sex of children on adults’behavior. Child Development, 48, 232–238.
Cantor, N. L., Wood, D. D., & Gelfand, D. M. (1977). Effects of responsiveness and sex of children on adult males’behavior. Child Development, 48, 1426–1430.
Cantwell, D. P., & Carlson, G. A. (1978). Stimulants. In J. Werry (Ed.), Pediatric psychophar-macology (pp. 171–207). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Cantwell, D. P., Baker, L., & Rutter, M. (1977). Families of autistic and dysphasic children: II. Mother’s speech to the children, journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 7, 313–327.
Carr, E. G. (1977). The motivation of self-injurious behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 84, 800–816.
Carr, E. G., Newsom, C. D., & Binkoff, J. A. (1976). Stimulus control of self-destructive behavior in a psychotic child, journal of Abnormal Psychology, 4, 139–153.
Chapman, M. (1981). Isolating causal effects through experimental changes in parent-child interaction. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 9, 321–327.
Clarke-Stewart, K. A. (1973). Interactions between mothers and their young children: Characteristics and consequences. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 38, (Serial No. 153).
Clarke-Stewart, K. A., & Hevey, C. M. (1981). Longitudinal relations in repeated observations of mother-child interactions from 1 to 2 1/2 years. Developmental Psychology, 17, 127–145.
Clarke-Stewart, K. A., Vander Steop, L. P., & Killian, G. A. (1979). Analysis and replication of mother-child relations at two years of age. Child Development, 50, 777–793.
Clifford, M., & Walster, E. (1973). The effect of physical attractiveness on teacher expectations. Sociology of Education, 46, 248–258.
Condry, J., & Condry, S. (1976). Sex differences: A study of the eye of the beholder. Child Development, 47, 812–819.
Conger, R. D. (1981). The assessment of dysfunctional family systems. In B. B. Lahey & A. E. Kazdin (Eds.), Advances in child clinical psychology (pp. 199–242). New York: Plenum Press.
Crawley, S. B., Rogers, P. P., Friedman, S., Iacobbo, M., Criticos, A., Richardson, L., & Thompson, M. A. (1978). Developmental changes in the structure of mother-infant play. Developmental Psychology, 14, 30–36.
Crawley, S. B., & Sherrod, K. B. (1984). Parent-infant play during the first year of life. Infant Behavior and Development, 7, 65–75.
Cunningham, C. E., & Barkley, R. A. (1978). The effects of Ritalin on the mother-child interactions of hyperkinetic twin boys. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 20, 634–642.
Dion, K. (1972). Physical attractiveness and evaluation of children’s transgressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24, 207–213.
Dion, K. (1974). Children’s physical attractiveness and sex as determinants of adult punitiveness. Developmental Psychology, 10, 772–778.
Dion, K., Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1972). What is beautiful is good. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24, 285–290.
Donovan, W. L., Leavitt, L. A., & Balling, J. D. (1978). Maternal physiological response to infant signals. Psychophysiology, 15, 68–74.
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. (1975). Etiology: The biology of behavior (2nd ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
Emery, R. E. (1982). Interparental conflict and the children of discord and divorce. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 310–330.
Emery, R. E., Binkoff, J. A., Houts, A. C., & Carr, E. G. (1983). Children as independent variables: Some clinical implications of child-effects. Behavior Therapy, 14, 398–412.
Fagot, B. I. (1978). The influence of sex of child on parental reactions to toddler children. Child Development, 49, 459–465.
Field, T. (1978). Interaction patterns of primary versus secondary caretaker fathers. Developmental Psychology, 14, 183–185.
Field, T. (1979). Games parents play with normal and high-risk infants. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 10, 41–48.
Frarno, L. (1975). Personal reflections of a therapist. Journal of Marriage and Family Counseling, 1, 15–28.
Freud, S. (1933/1965). New introductory lectures on psychoanalysis. New York: W. W. Norton.
Friedrich, W. N., & Boriskin, J. A. (1976). The role of the child in abuse: A review of the literature. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 46, 580–590.
Friedrich, W. N., & Einbender, A. J. (1983). The abused child: A psychological review. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 12, 244–256.
Frisch, H. L. (1977). Sex stereotypes in adult-infant play. Child Development, 48, 1671–1675.
Frodi, A. M. (1981). Contribution of infant characteristics to child abuse. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 85, 341–349.
Frodi, A. M., & Lamb, M. E. (1980). Child abusers’responses to infant smiles and cries. Child Development, 51, 238–241.
Frodi, A. M., Lamb, M. E., Leavitt, L. A., & Donovan, W. L. (1978a). Father’s and mother’s responses to infant cries and smiles. Infant Behavior and Development, 1, 224–227.
Frodi, A. M., Lamb, M. E., Leavitt, L. A., Donovan, W. L., Neff, C., & Sherry, D. (1978b). Father’s and mother’s responses to the faces and cries of normal and premature infants. Developmental Psychology, 14, 490–498.
Frodi, A. M., Lamb, M. E., & Will, E. D. (1981). Mothers’responses to the cries of normal and premature infants as a function of the birth status of their own child. Journal of Research in Personality, 15, 122–133.
Fullard, W., & Reiling, A. M. (1976). An investigation of Lorenz’s “babyishness.” Child Development, 47, 1191–1193.
Gadamer, H. G. (1974). Truth and method. New York: Seabury.
Gaensbauer, T. J., & Sands, K. (1979). Distorted affective communications in abused/neglected infants and their potential impact on caretakers. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 18, 236–250.
Glenn, N. D., & McLanahan, S. (1982). Children and marital happiness: A further specification of the relationship. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 42, 63–72.
George, C., & Main, M. (1979). Social interactions of young abused children: Approach, avoidance, and aggression. Child Development, 50, 306–318.
Goldberg, S. (1977). Social competence in infancy: A model of parent-infant interaction. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 23, 163–177.
Goldfarb, W., Goldfarb, N., & Scholl, M. (1966). The speech of mothers of schizophrenic children. American Journal of Psychiatry, 12, 1220–1227.
Goldfarb, W., Levy, D., & Meyers, D. (1972). The mother speaks to her schizophrenic child: Language in childhood schizophrenia. Psychiatry, 35, 217–226.
Goldfarb, W., Yudkovitz, E., & Goldfarb, N. (1973). Verbal symbols to designate objects: An experimental study of communication in mothers of schizophrenic children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 3, 281–298.
Gottman, J. M. (1981). Time-series analysis: A comprehensive introduction for social scientists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Graubard, J. S., Rosenberg, H., & Miller, M. B. (1971). Student applications of behavior modification to teachers and environments or ecological approaches to social deviance. In E. Ramp & G. Semb (Eds.), New directions in education: Behavior analysis 1971 (pp. 421–432). Lawrence: University of Kansas Support and Development Center for Follow Through, Department of Human Development.
Green, J. A., Gustafson, G. E., & West, M. J. (1980). Effects of infant development on mother-infant interactions. Child Development, 51, 199–207.
Griest, D. L., Forehand, R., Wells, K. C., & McMahon, R. J. (1980). An examination of differences between nonclinic and behavior problem clinic-referred children and their mothers. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 89, 497–500.
Griest, D. L., & Wells, K. C. (1983). Behavioral family therapy with conduct disorders in children. Behavior Therapy, 14, 37–53.
Gross, B., & Gross, R. (Eds.) (1977). The children’s rights movement: Overcoming the oppression of young people. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books.
Grusec, J. E., & Kuczynski, L. (1980). Direction of effect in socialization: A comparison of the parent’s versus the child’s behavior as determinants of disciplinary techniques. Developmental Psychology, 16, 1–9.
Gurman, A. S., & Kniskern, D. P. (Eds.) (1980). Handbook of family therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Gustafson, G. E., Green, J. A., & West, M. J. (1979). The infant’s changing role in mother-infant games: The growth of social skills. Infant Behavior and Development, 2, 301–308.
Hardyment, C. (1983). Dream babies. New York: Harper & Row.
Harper, L. V. (1975). The scope of offspring effects: From caregiver to culture. Psychological Bulletin, 82, 784–801.
Harper, L. V. (1981). Offspring effects upon parents. In D. J. Gubernick & P. H. Klopfer (Eds.), Parental care in mammals (pp. 117–177). New York: Plenum Press.
Hildebrandt, K. A., & Fitzgerald, H. E. (1977). Gender bias in observer’s perceptions of infant’s sex: It’s a boy most of the time! Perceptual and Motor Skills, 45, 472–474.
Hildebrandt, K. A., & Fitzgerald, H. E. (1978). Adults’responses to infants varying in perceived cuteness. Behavioural Processes, 3, 159–172.
Hildebrandt, K. A., & Fitzgerald, H. E. (1979). Facial feature determinants of perceived infant attractiveness. Infant Behavior and Development, 2, 329–339.
Holzman, P. S. (1970). Psychoanalysis and psychopathology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Humphries, T., Kinsbourne, M., & Swanson, J. (1978). Stimulant effect on cooperation and social interaction between hyperactive children and their mothers. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 19, 13–22.
Hutt, C., & Ounsted, C. (1966). The biological significance of gaze aversion with particular reference to the syndrome of infantile autism. Behavioral Science, 11, 346–356.
Jaffe, J., Stern, D. N., & Perry, J. C. (1973). Conversational coupling of gaze behavior in prelinguistic human development. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2, 321–329.
Kaye, K., & Fogel, A. (1980). The temporal structure of face-to-face communication between mothers and infants. Developmental Psychology, 16, 454–464.
Keller, B. B. (1981). The study of reciprocal influences through experimental modification of social interaction between functional adult-child pairs. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 9, 311–319.
Keller, B. B., & Bell, R. Q. (1979). Child effects on adult’s method of eliciting altruistic behavior. Child Development, 50, 1004–1009.
Korner, A. F. (1974). The effect of the state, level of arousal, sex, and ontogenetic stage on the caregiver. In M. Lewis, & L. A. Rosenblum (Eds.), The effects of the infant on its caregiver (pp. 105–122). New York: Wiley.
Lahey, B. B., & Rubinoff, A. (1981). Behavior therapy in education. In L. Michelson, M. Hersen, & S. M. Turner (Eds.), Future perspectives in behavior therapy (pp. 27–43). New York: Plenum Press.
Lamb, M. F. (1978). Influence of the child on marital quality and family interaction during the prenatal, perinatal, and infancy periods. In R. M. Lerner, & G. B. Spanier (Eds.), Child influences on marital and family interaction: A life-span perspective (pp. 137–163). New York: Academic Press.
Lerner, R. M. (1982). Children and adolescents as producers of their own development. Developmental Review, 2, 342–370.
Lester, B. M., & Zeskind, P. S. (1982). Biobehavioral perspective on crying in early infancy. In H. E. Fitzgerald, B. M. Lester, and M. W. Yogman (Eds.), Theory and research in behavioral pediatrics (Vol. 1, pp. 141–180). New York: Plenum Press.
Lewis, M. (1972). Parents and children: Sex role development. School Review, 80, 229–240.
Lobitz, G. K., & Johnson, S. M. (1975). Normal versus deviant children: A multimethod comparison. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 3, 353–374.
Locke, J. (1698/1960). Two treatises of government. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lounsbury, M. L., & Bates, J. E. (1982). The cries of infants of differing levels of perceived temperamental difficultness: Acoustic properties and effects on listeners. Child Development, 53, 677–686.
Maccoby, E. E. (1976). Sex differentiation during childhood. Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 6, 97.
Maccoby, E. E. (1980). Social development: Psychological growth and the parent-child relationship. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich.
Maccoby, E. E., & Jacklin, C. N. (1974). The psychology of sex differences. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Volume IV: Socialization, personality, and social development (pp. 1–101). New York: Wiley.
Margolin, G. (1981). The reciprocal relationship between marital and child problems. In J. P. Vincent (Ed.), Advances in family intervention, assessment and theory (pp. 131–182). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Martinek, T. J. (1981). Physical attractiveness: Effects on teacher expectations and dyadic interactions in elementary age children. Journal of Sport Psychology, 3, 196–205.
Mash, E. J., & Johnston, C. (1983a). Parental perceptions of child behavior problems, parenting self-esteem, and mothers’reported stress in younger and older hyperactive and normal children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 86–99.
Mash, E. J., & Johnston, C. (1983b). The prediction of mothers’behavior with their hyperactive children during play and task situations. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 5, 1–14.
Mash, E. J., Johnston, C., & Kovitz, K. (1983). A comparison of the mother-child interaction of physically abused and non-abused children during play and task situations. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 12, 337–346.
Mash, E. J., & Terdal, L. G. (Eds.) (1981). Behavioral assessment of childhood disorders. New York: Guilford Press.
Matthews, K. A. (1977). Caregiver-child interaction and the Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern. Child Development, 48, 1752–1756.
Melton, G. B. (1983). Child advocacy: Psychological issues and interventions. New York: Plenum Press.
Messe, L. A., Stollak, G. E., Larson, R. W., & Michaels, G. Y. (1979). Interpersonal consequences of person perception processes in two social contexts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 369–379.
Messer, D. J., & Vietze, P. M. (1984). Timing and transitions in mother-infant gaze. Infant Behavior and Development, 7, 167–181.
Meyers, A. W., & Craighead, W. E. (Eds.). (1984). Cognitive behavior therapy with children. New York: Plenum Press.
Miller, B. C., & Myers-Walls, J. A. (1983). Parenthood: Stresses and coping strategies. In H. I. McCubbin, & C. R. Figley (Eds.), Stress and the family: Coping with normative transitions (pp. 54–73). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Milliones, J. (1978). Relationship between perceived child temperament and maternal behaviors. Child Development, 49, 1255–1257.
Mischel, W. (1977). On the future of personality measurement. American Psychologist, 32, 246–254.
Mischel, W. (1979). On the interface of cognition and personality: Beyond the person-situation debate. American Psychologist, 34, 740–754.
Mrazek, D. A., Dowdney, L., Rutter, M. L., & Quinton, D. L. (1982). Mother and preschool child interaction: A sequential approach. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 21, 453–464.
Mulhern, R. K., & Passman, R. H. (1979). The child’s behavioral pattern as a determinant of maternal punitiveness. Child Development, 50, 815–820.
O’Leary, K. D. (1979). Behavioral assessment. Behavioral Assessment, 1, 31–36.
Olsen, D. H., Russell, C. S., & Sprenkle, D. H. (1983). Circumplex model of marital and family systems: VI. Theoretical update. Family Process, 22, 69–83.
O’Neil, J. M. (1981). Male sex role conflicts, sexism, and masculinity: Psychological implications for men, women, and the counseling psychologist. The Counseling Psychologist, 9, 61–80.
Ornitz, E. M., & Ritvo, E. R. (1976). The syndrome of autism: A critical review. American Journal of Psychiatry, 133, 609–621.
Osofsky, J. (1976). Neonatal characteristics and mother-infant interactions in two observational situations. Child Development, 47, 1138–1147.
Palazzoli, M. S., Boscolo, L., Cecchin, G., & Prata, G. (1978). Paradox and counterparadox. New York: Jason Aronson.
Parke, R. D., & Collmer, C. W. (1975). Child abuse: An interdisciplinary analysis. In E. M. Hetherington (Ed.), Review of child development research (Vol. 5, pp. 509–590). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Passman, R. M., & Mulhern, R. K. (1977). Maternal punitiveness as affected by situational stress: An experimental analogue of child abuse. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 86, 565–569.
Patterson, G. R. (1976). The aggressive child: Victim and architect of a coercive system. In E. J. Mash, L. A. Hammerlynck, & L. C. Handy (Eds.), Behavior modification and families (pp. 267–316). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Patterson, G. R. (1980). Mothers: The unacknowledged victims. Monographs of the society for research in child development. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Patterson, G. R. (1982). Coercive family processes. Eugene, OR: Castalia.
Patterson, G. R., & Fleischman, M. J. (1979). Maintenance of treatment effects: Some considerations concerning family systems and follow-up data. Behavior Therapy, 10, 168–185.
Patterson, G. R., & Reid, J. B. (1970). Reciprocity and coercion: Two facets of social systems. In C. Neuringer, & J. L. Michael (Eds.), Behavior modification in clinical psychology (pp. 133–177). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Patterson, G. R., Reid, J. B., Jones, R. R., & Conger, R. E. (1975). A social learning approach to family intervention: Families with aggressive children (Vol. 1). Eugene, OR: Castalia.
Pelton, L. H. (1978). Child abuse and neglect: The myth of classlessness. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 48, 608–617.
Phillips, D. C., & Orton, R. (1983). The new causal principle of cognitive learning theory: Perspectives on Bandura’s “Reciprocal Determinism.” Psychological Review, 90, 158–165.
Piaget, J. (1970). Genetic epistemology. New York: Columbia University Press.
Plomin, R. (1982). Childhood temperament. In B. B. Lahey & A. E. Kazdin (Eds.), Advances in clinical child psychology (Vol. 6, pp. 45–92). New York: Plenum Press.
Polirstok, S. R., & Greer, R. D. (1977). Remediation of mutually aversive interactions between a problem student and four teachers by training the student in reinforcement techniques. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10, 707–716.
Power, T. G. (1981). Sex-typing in infancy: The role of the father. Infant Mental Health Journal, 2, 226–240.
Roberts, G. C., Block, J. H., & Block, J. H. (1984). Continuity and change in parents’child-rearing practices. Child Development, 55, 586–597.
Roberts, M. C., Santogrossi, D. A., & Thelan, M. H. (1980). The effects of being imitated on adult attraction to children. The Journal of Social Psychology, 111, 253–258.
Robertson, P. (1974). Home as nest: Middle class childhood in nineteenth-century Europe. In L. deMause (Ed.), The history of childhood (pp. 407–431). New York: Harper & Row.
Rogoff, B., Ellis, S., & Gardner, W. (1984). Adjustment of adult-child instruction according to child’s age and task. Developmental Psychology, 20, 193–199.
Ross, M. B., & Salvia, J. (1975). Attractiveness as a biasing factor in teacher judgments. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 80, 96–98.
Rousseau, J. J. (1762/1979). Emile or On education. New York: Basic Books.
Rubin, J., Provenzano, F., & Luria, Z. (1974). The eye of the beholder: Parents’view on sex of newborns. American Journal of Orthopedic Psychiatry, 44, 512–519.
Rutter, M., & Garmezy, N. (1983). Developmental psychopathology. In P. H. Mussen (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Volume IV: Socialization, personality, and social development (pp. 775–912). New York: Wiley.
Sackett, G. P. (1974). A nonparametric lag sequential analysis for studying dependency among responses in observational scoring systems. Unpublished manuscript, University of Washington.
Safer, R., & Allen, D. (1976). Hyperactive children: Diagnosis and management. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press.
Salvia, J., Algozzine, B., & Sheare, J. (1977). Attractiveness and school achievement. Journal of School Psychology, 15, 60–67.
Sameroff, A. (1975). Transactional models in early social relations. Human Development, 18, 65–69.
Scholom, A., Zucker, R. A., & Stollak, G. E. (1979). Relating early child adjustment to infant and parent temperament. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 7, 297–308.
Seavey, C., Katz, P., & Zalk, S. (1975). Baby X: The effect of gender labels on adult responses to infants. Sex Roles, 1, 103–109.
Seeley, J. A. (1967). The Americanization of the unconscious. New York: International Science Press.
Segal, J. (1981). Age of infants and parental sex-role perceptions. The Journal of Psychology, 107, 267–272.
Sherman, T. M., & Cormier, W. H. (1974). An investigation of the influence of student behavior on teacher behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 7, 11–21.
Sidorowicz, L., & Lunny, G. (1980). Baby X revisited. Sex Roles, 6, 67–73.
Siegel, A. W., & White, S. H. (1982). The child study movement: Early growth and development of the symbolized child. In H. W. Reese (Ed.), Advances in child development and behavior (pp. 233–285). New York: Academic Press.
Smith, C., & Lloyd, B. (1978). Maternal behavior and perceived sex of infant: Revisited. Child Development, 49, 1263–1265.
Snow, M. E., Jacklin, C. N., & Maccoby, E. E. (1983). Sex-of-child differences in father-child interaction at one year of age. Child Development, 54, 227–232.
Spinetta, J., & Rigler, D. (1972). The child abusing parent: A psychological review. Psychological Bulletin, 77, 296–304.
Steinberg, L. D., Catalono, R., & Dooley, D. (1981). Economic antecedents of child abuse and neglect. Child Development, 52, 975–985.
Steinfels, M. O. (1982). Children’s rights, parental rights, family privacy, and family autonomy. In W. Gaylin & R. Macklin (Eds.), Who speaks for the child: The problems of proxy consent (pp. 223–263). New York: Plenum Press.
Stern, D. N. (1974). Mother and infant at play: The dyadic interaction involving facial, vocal, and gaze behaviors. In M. Lewis, & L. A. Rosenblum (Eds.), The effects of the infant on its caregiver (pp. 187–214). New York: Wiley.
Stern, D. N., Beebe, B., Jaffe, J., & Bennett, S. L. (1977). The infant’s stimulus world during social interactions: A study of caregiving behaviors with particular reference to repetition and timing. In H. R. Schaffer (Ed.), Studies in mother-infant interaction (pp. 177–202). London: Academic Press.
Stevens-Long, J. (1973). The effect of behavioral context on some aspects of adult disciplinary practice and affect. Child Development, 44, 476–484.
Stokes, T. F., Fowler, S. A., & Baer, D. M. (1978). Training preschool children to recruit natural communities of reinforcement. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 11, 285–303.
Stone, L. J., Smith, H. T., & Murphy, L. B. (1973). The competent infant: Research and commentary. New York: Basic Books.
Thoman, E. B. (1979). Origins of the infant’s social responsiveness. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Thomas, A., & Chess, S. (1977). Temperament and development. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Thomas, A., & Chess, S. (1980). The dynamics of psychological development. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Thomas, A. Chess, S., & Birch, H. G. (1968). Temperament and behavior disorders in children. New York: New York University Press.
Thomas, A., Chess, S., & Korn, S. (1982). The reality of difficult temperament. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 28, 1–20.
Tiegerman, E., & Primavera, L. H. (1984). Imitating the autistic child: Facilitating communicative gaze behavior. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 14, 27–38.
Tucker, M. J. (1974). The child as beginning and end: Fifteenth and sixteenth century English childhood. In L. deMause (Ed.), The history of childhood (pp. 229–257). New York: Harper & Row.
Vasta, R., & Copitch, P. (1981). Simulating conditions of child abuse in the laboratory. Child Development, 52, 164–170.
Wahler, R. G. (1976). Deviant child behavior within the family: Developmental speculations and behavior change strategies. In H. Leitenberg (Ed.), Handbook of behavior modification and behavior therapy (pp. 516–543). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Wahler, R. G. (1980). The insular mother: Her problems in parent-child treatment. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 13, 207–219.
Watson, J. B. (1924). Behaviorism. New York: W. W. Norton.
Watson, J. B. (1929). Should a child have more than one mother? Liberty, June 29, 31–35.
Webster, C. D. (1980). The characteristics of autism. In C. D. Webster, M. M. Konstan-tareas, & J. E. Mack (Eds.), Autism: New directions in research and education (pp. 5–11). New York: Pergamon Press.
Webster-Stratton, C., & Eyberg, S. M. (1982). Child temperament: Relationship with child behavior problems and parent-child interactions. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 11, 123–129.
Wells, K. C. (1981). Assessment of children in outpatient settings. In M. Hersen, & A. S. Bellack (Eds.), Behavioral assessment: A practical handbook (pp. 484–533). New York: Pergamon.
Whalen, C. K., & Henker, B. (1976). Psychostimulants and children: A review and analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 83, 1113–1130.
Whalen, C. K., Henker, B., & Dotemoto, S. (1981). Teacher response to the methylpheni-date (Ritalin) versus placebo status of hyperactive boys in the classroom. Child Development, 52, 1005–1014.
Wiesenfeld, A. R., Malatesta, C. Z., & DeLoach, L. L. (1981). Differential parent response to familiar and unfamiliar infant distress signals. Infant Behavior and Development, 4, 305–320.
Wolchik, S. A., & Harris, S. L. (1982). Language environments of autistic and normal children matched for language age: A preliminary investigation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 12, 43–55.
Wolfe, D. A., & Mosk, M. D. (1983). Behavioral comparisons of children from abusive and distressed families. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 702–708.
Wolfe, D. A., Fairbanks, J. A., Kelly, J. A., & Bradlyn, A. S. (1983). Child abusive parents’physiological responses to stressful and nonstressful behavior in children. Behavioral Assessment, 5, 363–371.
Zahn-Waxier, C., & Chapman, M. (1982). Immediate antecedents of caretakers’methods of discipline. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 12, 179–192.
Zeskind, P. S., & Lester, B. M. (1978). Acoustic features and auditory perceptions of the cries of newborns with prenatal and perinatal complications. Child Development, 49, 580–589.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Houts, A.C., Shutty, M.S., Emery, R.E. (1985). The Impact of Children on Adults. In: Lahey, B.B., Kazdin, A.E. (eds) Advances in Clinical Child Psychology. Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, vol 8. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9820-2_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9820-2_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-9822-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-9820-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive