Skip to main content

Philosophical and Legal Aspects of the Disease Concept of Alcoholism

  • Chapter
Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems

Part of the book series: Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems ((AADP,volume 7))

Abstract

This discussion under the rubric “philosophical analysis” raises what might broadly be called logical and conceptual questions pertinent to the #x201C;disease concept of alcoholism.#x201D; The aim is to discover in what specific senses the concept may embody logically and scientifically viable claims. Procedurally, the first aim is to develop criteria of relevance and to use these to identify meaning-components that can plausibly be assigned to the #x201C;disease concept of alcoholism.#x201D; The next procedural aim is to assess the viability of each such component by a process that interweaves logical analysis with reference to the basic relevant scientific evidence. The procedure will therefore include reporting authoritative review and comment on the upshot of the scientific evidence, but it is the logical bearing of that evidence on the conceptual issues that is the specific concern here, not scientific critique of the evidence itself. (Discussion from the scientific standpoint of many of these issues will be found in the essay by Kissin in this volume.)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Albrecht, G. L., 1973, The alcoholism progress: A social learning viewpoint,b in:Alcoholism:Progress in Research and Treatment (P.G. Bourne and R. Fox, eds.), pp 11–42, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alcohol and Alcoholism, 1979, Report of Special Committee of RoyalCollege of Surgeons, Tavistock, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alcohol and Health, 1971, 1st Special Report to U.S. Congress, HEW, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alcohol and Health, 1978, 3rd Special Report to U.S. Congress, HEW, Washington,D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Altimus, City of Minneapolis v., 1976, 238 NW 2d 851 (S. Ct. Minn.).

    Google Scholar 

  • American Hospital Association, 1967, Statement on alcoholism, in: Alcohol Problems ( T. F. A.Plaut, ed.), Oxford University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Medical Association, 1956, Report of the Board of Trustees of the American Medical Association, 1967, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 162:750. Manual on Alcoholism.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, C. L., 1970, Control of alcoholism, in: Alcohol and Alcoholism (R. E. Popham, ed.),University of Toronto Press, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Armor, D.J., Polich, J. M., and Stambul, H. B., 1976, 1978, Alcoholism and Treatment, Rand Report, Santa Monica, 1976. Republished: 1978, Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Armor, D.J., Stambul, H. B., and Polich, J. M., 1977, Response to comments on the Rand Report, J. Stud. Alcohol 38: 179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ausubel, D. P., 1970, Medical or disease model, in: Psychopathol Today (W. S. Sahakian, ed.),F. E. Peacock, Illinois.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacon, M. K., 1973, Cross-cultural studies of drinking, in: Alcoholism: Progress in Research and Treatment ( P. G. Bourne and R. Fox, eds.), pp. 171–193, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacon, S. D., 1976, Concepts, in: Alcohol and Alcohol Problems (W.Filstead,Rossi, and M. Keller, eds.), Ballinger, Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baekeland, F., Lundwall, L., and Kissin, B., 1975, Methods for the treatment of chronic alcoholism: A critical appraisal, in: Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems ( Y. Israel, ed.), Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailly-Salin, P., 1970, Clinical fonns of alcoholism prevalent among wine drinkers, in: Alcohol and Alcoholism (R. E. Popham, ed.), University of Toronto Press, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballard v. State, 1886, 28 NW 271 (Neb.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bason, G. F., Jr., 1969, Chronic alcoholism and public drunkenness quo vadimus post Powell, Am. U. Law Rev. 19:48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bazelon, D. L., 1969, Alcoholism: an ounce of prevention, Judicature 52 :408.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beard, D. P. P. v., 1920, A. C. 479.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beeson, P. B., and McDermott, W., 1975, Textbook of Medicine, 14th ed., W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bethea v. U.S., 1976, 365 A 2d 64 (D.C.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Blacker, E., 1973, Sociocultural factors in alcoholism, in: Alcohol and Other Drugs, ( P. C. Whitehead, C. F. Grindstaff, and C. Boydell, eds.), Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackstone, Sir W., Commentaries on the Laws of England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blake v. U.S., 1969, 407 F 2d 908 (5th Cir.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Boorse, C., 1975, On the distinction between disease and illness, Philos. Pub. Affairs 15:49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boorse, C., 1976, What a theory of mental health should be, J. Theory Soc. Behav. 6 :61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borrero, People v., 1967,227 NE 2d 18.Brandsma, 1. M., 1977, Alcoholismic dysbehaviorism revisited: a reply to Keller, J. Stud. Alcohol 38:1838.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brawner v. U.S., 1972, 471 F 2d 969 (D.C. Cir.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brewer, F., 1974, There is no convincing evidence for operant or classical conditioning in adult humans, in: Cognition and the Symbolic Processes (W. Weimer and D. Palenno,eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, New Iersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R., 1977, Physical illness and mental health, Philos. Pub. Affairs 7 :16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burns, C. R., 1976, The nonnaturals: A paradox in the Western concept of health, J. Med. Phi/os. 1: 202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cahalan, D., and Cisin, I. H., 1976, Epidemiological and social factors associated with drinking problems, in: Alcoholism ( R. E. Tarter and A. A. Sugarman, eds.), Addison-Wesley, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cahalan, D., and Room, R., 1974, Problem Drinking Among American Men, Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cahalan, D., and Schuckit, M. A., 1976, Evaluation of alcoholism treatment programs, in Alcohol and Alcohol Problems (W. 1. Filstead, 1. 1. Rossi, and M. Keller, eds.), Ballinger, Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cahalan, D., Cisin, I. H., and Crossley, H. M .,1969,AmericanDrinking Practices, Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cappell, H., 1975, An evaluation of tension models of alcohol consumption, in: Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems ( Y. Israel, ed.), Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cappell, H., 1976, Behavioural analysis of alcoholism, in: Alcoholism ( G. Edwards and M. Grant, eds.), University Park Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cappell, H., and Hennan, C., 1972, Alcohol and tension reduction. Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 33: 33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, Regina v., 1835, 7 C. and P. 145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castillo, People v., 1969, 70 Cal 2d 264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, M., 1972, Strategies of research into the etiology of alcoholism, in: Nature and Nurture in Alcoholism ( F. A. Seixas, G. S. Omenn, E. D. Burk, and S. Eggleston, eds.), Annals of N.Y. Academy of Science, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, U.S. v., 1968, 393 F 2d 920 (4th Cir.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman v. State, 1938, 124 SW 2d 112 (Texas).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, Commonwealth v., 1948,58 A 2d 433.

    Google Scholar 

  • Choice v. State, 1860, 31 Ga. 424.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clare, A. W., 1976, How good is treatment? in: Alcoholism ( G. Edwards and M. Grant, eds.), University Park Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, W. B., 1975, Conceptions of alcoholism: Consequences for research, Addict. Dis. 1:395.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, W. B., 1976, Loss of control, heavy drinking and drinking problems in a longitudinal study, J. Stud. Alcohol 37:1256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clokey, State v., 1961,364 P 2d 159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clouser, K. D., Culver, C. M., and Gert, B., 1980, Malady: A new treatment of disease, unpub. mss., Dartmouth College.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coburn, D. R., 1967, Driver to Easter to Powell: Recognition of the defense of involuntary intoxication, Rutgers L. Rev. 22:103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, H., Sir, 1961, The evolution of the concept of disease, in: Concepts of Medicine ( B. Lush eds.), Pergamen, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Comptroller General of U.S., 1970, Substantial cost savings from establishment of alcoholism program for federal employees, G.P.O., Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Criminal law, 1977, Chronic alcoholism as a defense to crime, Minnesota L. Rev. 61 :901.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, People v., 1882, 11 NW 184 (Mich.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, D., 1969, The concept of alcoholism, in: The Medical Annual ( R. Bodley-Scott and R. Milnes-Walker, eds.), Wright, Bristol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, D., 1974, Implications for medical practice of an acceptable concept of alcoholism, in: Alcoholism: A Medical Profile ( N. Kessel, A. Hawker, andH. Chalke, eds.), B. Edsall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, D., 1974, Is alcoholism really a disease? Contemp. Drug Prob. 3 :197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, D., 1976, Definitional issues in alcoholism, in: Alcoholism ( R. E. Tarter and A. A. Sugarman, eds.), Addison-Wesley, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis v. U.S., 1897, 165 U.S. 373.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeFoe, State v., 1976, 241 NW 2d 635.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Lint, J., 1971, The status of alcoholism as a disease: A brief comment, Br. J. Addict. 66:108.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Lint, l., and Schmidt, W., 1971, Consumption averages and alcoholism prevalence: A brief review of epidemiological investigations, Br. J. Addict. 66:97.

    Google Scholar 

  • District of Columbia Code Annotated, 1969, Par. 24-521.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1974, 25th ed., W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drew, People v., 1978, 22 Cal 3d 333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drew, U.S. v., 1828, 5 Mason 28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Driver v. Hinnant, 1966, 356 F 2d 761 (4th Cir.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubs v. State, 1967, 235 A 2d 764.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durham v. U.S., 1962, 312 F 2d 847 (D.C. Cir.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Easter v. District of Columbia, 1966,361 F 2d 50 (D.C. Cir.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Edelson, M., 1971, The Idea of a Mental Illness, Yale University Press, New Haven.

    Google Scholar 

  • Editorial, 1979, Br. J. Addict. 74:1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, G., 1970, Alcoholism: The analysis of treatment, in: Alcohol and Alcoholism ( R. E. Popham, ed.), University of Toronto Press, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, G., 1970, The status of alcoholism as a disease, in: Modern Trends in Drug Dependence and Alcoholism ( R. V. Phillipson, ed.), Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, G., 1974, Drugs, drug dependence and the concept of plasticity, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 35: 176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, G., Hensman, c., Hawker, A., and Williamson, V., 1967, Alcoholics anonymous: The anatomy of a self help group, Soc. Psychiatry 1:195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, G., Gross, M. M., Keller, M., and Moser, J., 1976, Alcohol-related problems in the disability perspective, J. Stud. Alcohol 37 :1369.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, G., Gross, M. M., Keller, M., Moser, J., and Room, R., 1977a, Alcohol-related Disabilities, World Health Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, G., Orford, I., Egbert, S., Guthrie, S., Hawker, A., Hensman, C., Mitcheson, M., Oppenheimer, E., and Taylor, C., 1977b, Alcoholism: A controlled trial of ''treatment'' and “advice”, J. Stud. Alcohol 38:1004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Efron, V., 1970, Sociological and cultural factors in alcohol abuse, in: Alcohol and Alcoholism ( R. E. Popham, ed.), University of Toronto, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eidelberg, E., 1975, Acute effects of ethanol and opiates on the nervous system, in: Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems ( Y. Israel, ed.), Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emrick, C., 1974, 1975, A review of psychologically oriented treatment of alcoholism, Part I, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol35:523 (1974); Part II, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 36:88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emrick, C., and Stilson, D. W., 1977, The “Rand Report”, J. Stud. Alcohol 38: 152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson, K., 1975, Alcohol imbibition and behavior: A comparative genetic approach, in: Psychopharmacogenetics ( B. Eleftherious, ed.), Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evilsizer v. State, 1972, 487 SW 2d 113 (Texas).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewing, J. A., 1974, Is there a relationship between type of alcoholism and prognosis?, in: Alcoholism: A Medical Profile ( N. Kessel, A. Hawker, and H. Chalke, eds.), B. Edsall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewing, 1. A., and Rouse, B. A., eds., 1978, Drinking, Nelson-Hall, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fabrega, H., Jr., 1972, The study of disease in relation to culture, Behav. Sci. 17:183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fearon, State v., 1969, 166 NW 2d 720.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fingarette, H., 1979, How an alcoholism defense works under the ALI insanity test, Int. J. L. Psychiatry 2:299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fingarette, H. and Hasse, A., 1979, Mental Disabilities and Criminal Responsibility, University of California Press, Berkeley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flew, A., 1973, Crime or Disease?, Macmillan, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, U.S. v., 1966, 357 F 2d 606 (2d Cir.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs, V. R., 1976, Concepts of health-an economist’s perspective, J. Med. Philos. 1:229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gert, B. and Duggan, T. J., 1979, Free will as the ability to will, Nous 13 :197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gitlow, S., 1973, Alcoholism: A disease, in: Alcoholism ( P. Bourne and R. Fox, eds.), Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, F. B., 1977, Comments on alcoholism: A controlled trial of “treatment” and “advice,” J. Stud. Alcohol 38:1819.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glatt, M., 1967, The question of moderate drinking despite loss of control, Br. J. Addict. 62:267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glatt, M., 1974a. Loss of control. Extensive interdisciplinary borderland, not a sharp pharmacological borderline, in: Alcoholism: A Medical Profile ( N. Kessel, A. Hawker, and H. Chalke, eds.), B. Edsall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glatt, M., 1974b, A Guide to Addiction and Its Treatment, John Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glatt, M., 1976, Alcoholism disease concept and loss of control revisited, Br. J. Addict. 71:135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, D. W., 1971, Is alcoholism hereditary?, a review and critique, Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 25: 545.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, D. W., 1973, The question of a genetic basis for alcoholism; a response, Q. J. Stud.Alcohol 34: 1345.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, D. W., 1979, The causes of alcoholism and why it runs in families, Br. J. Addict. 74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, D. W., Schulsinger, F., Hermansen, L., Guze, S. B., and Winokur, G., 1973, Alcohol problems in adoptees raised apart from alcoholic biological parents, Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 28: 238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, G., 1966, Role Theory and Illness. College and University Press, New Haven.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gould Medical Dictionary. 1972, 3d ed., McGraw-Hili, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenawalt, K., 1969, Uncontrollable actions and the 8th amendment: Implications of Powell v.

    Google Scholar 

  • Texas, Columbia Law Rev. 69:927.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffis v. Weinberger. 1975, 509 F 2d 837 (9th Cir.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Griggs, People v., 1941, 110 P 2d 103l.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross, M. M., 1977, Psychobiological contributions to the alcohol dependence syndrome: A selective review of recent research, in: Alcohol-related Disabilities ( G. Edwards, M. M. Gross, M. Keller, J. Moser, and R. Room, eds.), World Health Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross, M. M., Rosenblatt, S. M., Malenowski, B., Broman, M., and Lewis, E., 1972, Classification of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 33 :400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hale, 1778, History of the Pleas of the Crown.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J., General Principles of Criminal Law, 1960, 2d ed., pp. 529-557, Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamburg, S., 1975, Behavior therapy in alcoholism, J. Stud. Alcohol 36 :69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 1977, 8th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassman, P., 1976, When intoxication deemed involuntary so as to constitute a defense to criminal charge, Annotated Law Reports, 3rd series, 73: 195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawaii Laws, 1968, Art. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayman, M., 1966, The medical practitioner, alcoholism and the law, J. Forensic Sci. 11: 11l.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heard v. U.S., 1965, 348 F 2d 43 (D.C. Cir.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heath, D. B., 1975, Ethnographic studies of alcohol use, in: Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems ( Y. Israel, ed.), Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herald, J., 1970, Criminal law: Alcoholism as a defense, Marquette L. Rev., 53 :445.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hershon, H., 1973, Alcohol withdrawal symptoms: Phenomenology and implications, Br. J. Addict. 68: 295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hershon, H., 1974, Alcoholism and the concept of disease, Br. J. Addict. 69 :123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hershon, H., 1977, Learning to be an alcoholic, J. Psychosom. Res. 21 :297.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hibbler, People v., 1971,274 NE 2d 101 (Ill.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, City of Seattle v., 1967,435 P 2d 692.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill v. State, 1969, 251 NE 2d 429 (Ind.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgson, R., 1976, Behaviour therapy, in: Alcoholism ( G. Edwards and M. Grant, eds.), University Park Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgson, R., Stockwell, T., Rankin, H., and Edwards, G., 1978a, Alcohol dependence: The concept, its utility and measurement, Br. J. Addict. 73 :339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgson, R., Rankin, H., and Stockwell, T., 1978b, Craving and loss of control, in: Alcoholism: New Directions in Behavioral Research and Treatment ( P. E. Nathan, G. A. Marlett, and T. Loberg, eds.), Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgson, R., Rankin, H., and Stockwell, T., 1978c, Loss of control and dependence on alcohol, Scand. J. Behav. Ther. 7 :105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hood, People v., 1969, 462 P 2d 370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hore, B. D., 1976, Alcohol Dependence, Butterworths, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hom, J. L., and Wanberg, K. W., 1969, Symptom patterns related to excessive use of alcohol, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 30 :35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horwitz, J., 1970, Evaluation of the results of alcoholism treatment, in: Alcohol and Alcoholism ( R. E. Popham, ed.), University of Toronto Press, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoy, People v., 1968, 158 NW 2d 436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurley v. Commonwealth, 1970, 451 SW 2d 838 (Ky.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutcherson v. U.S., 1962,345 F 2d 964 (D.C. Cir.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutt, P., 1967, The recent court decision on alcoholism, Task Force Report: Drunkenness, Pres.

    Google Scholar 

  • Comm. L. Enforce. Admin. Just. 1967:110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutt, P., and Merrill, R., 1966, Is the alcoholic immune from criminal prosecution?, Mun. Ct. Rev. 6: 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutt, P., and Merrill, R., 1969, Criminal responsibility and the right to treatment for intoxication and alcoholism, Georgetown L. J. 57 :835.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Institute on the Prevention and Treatment of Alcoholism (20th), 1974, International Council on Alcohol and Addictions, Phoenix.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isbell, H., 1970, Experimental physical dependence on alcohol in humans, in Alcohol and Alcoholism ( R. E. Popham, ed.), University of Toronto Press, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jellinek, E. M., 1946, Phases in the drinking history of alcoholics, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 7: 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jellinek, E. M., 1952a, Phases of alcohol addiction, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 13: 673.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jellinek, E. M., 1952b, The phases of alcohol addiction, World Health Organization, Tech. Report Series #48 [Annex 21, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jellinek, E. M., 1960, The Disease Concept of Alcoholism, Hillhouse Press, New Haven.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Jewett, U.S. v., 1971,438 F 2d 495 (Ca.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, H., 1963, Alcoholic Addiction, Tavistock, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, S., 1968, Chronic alcoholism as a factor in criminal responsibility, Conn. Bar J. 42 :446.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaim, S. C., 1977, Comments on “the N.C.A. criteria for the diagnosis of alcoholism:” An empirical evaluation study, J. Stud. Alcohol 38 :1830.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalb, M., and Propper, M. S., 1976, The future of alcohology: Craft or science?, Am. J. Psychiat. 133: 641.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kane v. U.S., 1968, 399 F 2d 730 (9th Cir.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kansas Statutes Annotated, 1974, Par. 21-3208(i).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, J., 1969, Powell v. Texas: Alcoholics anonymous, chapter lor, chronic alcoholism and criminal responsibility, Crim. L. Bull. 5 :191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, M., 1960, Definitions of alcoholism, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 21 :125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, M., 1962, The definition of alcoholism and the estimation of its prevalence, in: Society, Culture and Drinking Patterns (D. J. Pittman and C. R. Snyder, eds.), Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, M., 1972a, On the loss-of-control phenomenon in alcoholism, Br. J. Addict. 67 :153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, M., 1972b, The oddities of alcoholics, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 33: 1147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, M., 1975, Multidisciplinary perspectives on alcoholism and the need for interpretation; an historical perspective note, J. Stud. Alcohol, 36 :133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, M., 1976, The disease concept of alcoholism revisited, J. Stud. Alcohol 37 :1694.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, M., 1977, A lexicon of disablements related to alcohol consumption, in: Alcohol-related Disabilities (G. Edwards, M. M. Gross, M. Keller, 1. Moser, and R. Room, eds.), World Health Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, M., and McCormick, M., 1968, A Dictionary of Words about Alcohol, Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies, New Brunswick, New lersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellert, S. R., 1976, A sociocultural concept of health and illness, J. Med. Philos. 1 :222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, People v., 1974, 10 Cal 3d 565.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kendall, R. E., 1975, The concept of disease and its implications for psychiatry, Br. J. Psychiat. 127: 305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kepner, E., 1964, Application of learning theory to the etiology and treatment of alcoholism, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 25 :279.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, L. S., 1952, On Koch's postulates, J. Hist. Med. Allied Sci. 7 :350.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, L. S., 1963, The Growth of Medical Thought, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • King v. U.S., 1967,372 F 2d 383 (D.C. Cir.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kingham, R. 1., 1958, Alcoholism and the reinforcement theory of learning, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 19: 320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kissin, B., 1977b, Comments on N.C.A. criteria study, J. Stud. Alcohol 38 :1831.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kjolstad, T., 1974, Alcoholism-an illness, Br. J. Addict. 69 :133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klerman, G. L., 1977, Mental illness, the medical model, and psychiatry, J. Med. Philos. 2 :220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreitman, N., 1976, Three themes in the epidemiology of alcoholism, in: Alcoholism ( G. Edwards and M. Grant, eds.), University Park Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubie, L. S., 1954, The fundamental nature of the distinction between normality and neurosis, Psychoanal. Q. 23 :167.

    Google Scholar 

  • La Fave, W., and Scott, A., 1972, Handbook on Criminal Law, Sec. 45, West, St. Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larkin, E. J., 1974, The Treatment of Alcoholism, Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leinert, E. M., 1956, Alcoholism; theory, problem, and challenge III; alcoholism and the sociocultural situation, Q. 1. Stud. Alcohol 17: 306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lester, D., 1966, Self-selection of alcohol by animals, human variation, and the etiology of alcoholism, Q. 1. Stud. Alcohol 27 :395.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levine, H. G., 1978, Changing conceptions of habitual drunkenness in America, 1. Stud. Alcohol 39: 143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litman, G. K., 1974, Psychological aspects of alcoholism theory and treatment, 1. Alcoholism 9 :48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litman, G. K., 1976, Behavioral modification techniques in the treatment of alcoholism: A review and critique, in Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems ( Y. Israel, ed.), John Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litman,,G. K., 1977, Eiser, J. R., and Rawson, N. S. B., 1977, Towards a typology of relapse: A preliminary report, Drug Alcohol Depend. 2 :157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litman, G. K., Eiser, J. R., and Taylor, C., 1979a, Dependence, relapse, and extinction: A theoretical critique and a behavioral examination, 1. Clin. Psychol. 35 :192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litman, G. K., Eiser, J. R., Rawson, N. S. B., and Oppenheim, A. N., 1979b, Differences in relapse precipitants and coping behaviour between alcohol relapsers and survivors, Behav. Res. Ther. 17 :89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Littleton, J. M., 1976, The biological basis of alcoholism: Some recent experimental evidence, in: Alcoholism ( G. Edwards and M. Grant, eds.), University Park Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, R. W., Jr., and Salzberg, H. C. 1975, Controlled social drinking: An alternative to abstinence as a treatment goal for some alcohol ~busers, Psychol. Bull. 82 :815.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loveday v. State, 1976,274 NW 2d 116 (S. Ct., Wisc.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig, A. M., 1972, On and off the wagon, Q. 1. Stud. Alcohol 33: 91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig, A. M., and Wikler, A., 1974, “Craving” and relapse to drink, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 35:108.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCleam, G. E., 1973, The genetic aspects of alcoholism, in: Alcoholism ( P. Bourne and R. Fox, eds.), Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCord, J., 1972, Some differences in backgrounds of alcoholics and criminals, in: Nature and Nurture in Alcoholism ( F. A. Seixas, G. S. Omenn, E. D. Burk, and E. Eggleston, eds.), Annals of New York Academy of Science, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCord, W., and McCord, J., with Gudeman, J., 1960, Origins of Alcoholism, Stanford University Press, Stanford.

    Google Scholar 

  • McHoul, Commonwealth v., 1967,226 NE 2d 556 (Mass.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Madden, J. S., 1974, Motivation towards alcohol abstention, in: Twentieth International Institute on Prevention and Treatment of Alcoholism, Manchester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madden, J. S., 1976, On defining alcoholism, Br. J. Addict. 71 :145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madden, J. S., 1979, A Guide to Alcohol and Drug Dependence, John Wright, Bristol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maisto, S. A., and Schefft, B. K., 1977, The constructs of craving for alcohol and loss of control drinking: Help or hindrance to research, Addict. Behav. 2 :207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maisto, S. A., Lauerman, R., and Adesso, V. J., 1977, A comparison of two experimental studies of the role of cognitive factors in alcoholics' drinking, J. Stud. Alcohol 38 :145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Majewski, D. P. P. v., 1976,2 W.L. R. 623.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marconi, J., 1970, Etiological and clinical aspects, in Alcohol and Alcoholism ( R. E. Popham, ed.), University of Toronto Press, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Margolis, J., 1975, Negativities-The Limits of Life, Charles E. Merrill, Columbus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Margolis, J., 1976, The concept of disease, J. Med. Philos. 1 :238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsden, C. D., 1976, Neurological disorders induced by alcohol, in: Alcoholism (G. Edwards and M. Grant, eds.), University Park Press, Baltimore. Maryland Code Annotated, 1968, Art. 2c (Supplement).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathews, State v., 1975, 532 P 2d 250 (Ore.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, A. R., Jr., 1968, Chronic alcohol addiction and criminal responsibility: Logic in search of law, Amer. Crim. L. Q. 7 :2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mechanic, D., 1977, Illness behavior, social adaptation, and the management of illness: A comparison of educational and medical models, J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 165 :79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mello, N. K., 1975, A semantic aspect of alcoholism, in: Biological and Behavioural Approaches to Drug Dependence ( H. D. Cappell and A. E. LeBlanch, eds.), Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mello, N. K., 1976, Some issues in research on the biology of alcoholism, in: Alcohol and Alcohol Problems ( W. J. Filstead, J. J. Rossi, and M. Keller, eds.), Ballinger, Cambridge, Mass..

    Google Scholar 

  • Mello, N. K., 1977, Stimulus self-administration, in: Predicting Dependence Liability of Stimulant and Depressant Drugs ( T. Thompson and K. R. Unna, eds.), University Park Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mello, N. K., and Mendelson, J. H., 1972, Drinking patterns during work-contingent and noncontingent alcohol acquisition, Psychosomatic Med. 34 :139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mello, N. K., and Mendelson, J. H., 1977, Clinical aspects of alcohol dependence in alcoholism, in: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ( W. R. Martin, ed.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mello, N. K., and Mendelson, J. H., 1978, Alcohol and human behavior, in: Handbook of Psychopharmacology ( L. L. Iversen, S. D. Iversen, and S. H. Snyder, eds.), Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendelson, J. H., and Mello, N. K., 1970, Mechanisms of physical dependence in alcoholism, in: Alcohol and Alcoholism ( R. E. Popham, ed.), University of Toronto Press, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendelson, J. H., and Mello, N. K., 1979, One unanswered question about alcoholism, Br. J. Addict. 74: 11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mendelson, J. H., and Stein, S., 1966, The definition of alcoholism, Int. Psychiat. Clin. 3 :3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, P. M., and Barlow, D. H., 1973, Behavioral approaches to the treatment of alcoholism, J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 157 :10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, W. R., 1976, Alcoholism scales and objective assessment methods: A review, Psychol. Bull. 83: 649.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mischel, T., 1977, The concept of mental health and disease: An analysis of the controversy between behavioral and psychodynamic approaches, J. Med. Phi/os. 2 :197. M'Naghten's Case, 1843,8 Eng. Rep. 718 (H.L.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Model Penal Code, 1962, Am. L. Inst., Proposed Official Draft.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, M., 1975, Some myths about “mental illness,” Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 32 :1843.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, U.S., v., 1973, 486 F 2d 1139 (D.C. Cir.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Morse, W. H., McKearney, J. W., and Kelleher, R. T., 1977, Control of Behavior by Noxious Stimuli, in: Handbook of Psychopharmacology ( L. L. Iversen, S. D. Iversen, and H. S. Solomon, eds.), Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moser, J., 1974, Problems and programmes related to alcohol and drug dependence in 33 countries, World Health Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mottin,1. L., 1973, Drug-induced attenuation of alcohol consumption, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 34: 444.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphree, H. B., 1976, Some possible origins of alcoholism, in: Alcohol and Alcohol Problems ( W. J. Filstead, J. J. Rossi, and M. Keller, eds.), Ballinger, Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nathan, P. E., Marlatt, G. A., and Loberg, T., 1978, Alcoholism: New Directions in Behavioral Research and Treatment, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Council on Alcoholism, 1972, Criteria for the diagnosis of alcoholism, Ann. Intern. Med. 77: 249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Omenn, G. S., and A. G. Motulsky, 1972, A biochemical and genetic approach to alcoholism, in: Nature and Nurture in Alcoholism ( F. A. Seixas, G. S. Omenn, E. D. Burk, and S. Eggleston, eds.), Annals of New York Academy of Science, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orford, J., 1976, Alcoholism: What psychology offers, in: Alcoholism ( G. Edwards and M. Grant, eds.), University Park Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Painter, State v., 1950, 63 SE 2d 86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paredes, A., 1976, The history of the concept of alcoholism, in: Alcoholism ( R. E. Tarter and A. A. Sugerman, eds.), Addison-Wesley, Mass..

    Google Scholar 

  • Paredes, A., Hood, W. R., Seymour, H., and Gollot, M., 1973, Loss of control in alcoholism: An investigation of the hypothesis, with experimental findings, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 34 :1146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker v. State, 1969, 254 A 2d 381 (M.D.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T., 1951, Illness and the role of the physician: A sociological perspective, Am. J. Orthopsychiatry, 21 :452.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T., 1958, Definitions of health and illness in light of American values and social structure, in: Patients, Physicians and Illness ( E. G. Jaco, ed.), Free Press, Glencoe, Ill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pattison, E. M., 1966, A critique of alcoholism treatment concepts, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 27 :49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pattison, E. M., Sobell, M. B., and Sobell, L. C., 1977, Emerging Concepts of Alcohol Dependence, Springer, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson’s Case, 1835, 168 Eng. Rep. 1108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pendry, State v., 1976, 227 SE 2d 210 (W. Va.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Perkins v. U.S., 1915, 228 F 408 (4th Cir.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pike, State v., 1870, 49 N.H. 399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polich, J. M., Armor, D. J., and Braiker, H. B., 1980, The Course of Alcoholism: Four Years after Treatment, Rand Report, Santa Monica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pomerleau, 0., Pertschuk, M., and Stinnett, J., 1976, A critical examination of some current assumptions in the treatment of alcoholism, J. Stud. Alcohol 37 :849.

    Google Scholar 

  • Potts, State v., 1888, 6 SE 657 (N.C.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell v. Texas, 1968, 392 u.S. 514.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prather v. Warden, 1967, 231 A 2d 726.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rakbin, J. G., 1972, Opinions about mental illness: A review of the literature, Psychol. Bull. 77 :153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Redlich, F. C., 1952, The concept of normality, Am. J. Psychother. 6 :551.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reniger v. Fogossa, 1550, 75 Eng. Rep. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ringer, c., Kufner, H., Antons, K., and Feuerlein, W., 1977, The N.C.A. criteria for the diagnosis of alcoholism-an empirical evaluation study, J. Stud. Alcohol 38: 1259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ringer, C., Kufner, H., Antons, K., and Feuerlein, W., 1978, “The N.C.A. criteria for the diagnosis of alcoholism“; a response, J. Stud. Alcohol 39 :560.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts v. People, 1870, 19 Mich 401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts v. State, 1969, 164 NW 2d 525 (Wisc.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Robins, L. N., Bates, W. M., and O’Neal, P., 1962, Adult drinking patterns of former problem children, in: Society, Culture, and Drinking Patterns ( D. J. Pittman and C. R. Snyder, eds.), John Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson v. Calif., 1962, 370 u.S. 660.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, D., 1972, The alcohologist's addiction, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 33 :1028.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, D., 1973, Alcoholism as a social fact: Notes on the sociologist's viewpoint in relation to a proposed study of referral behaviour, Br. J. Addic. 68 :91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, D., 1974, Becoming an alcoholic: Handling referrals to an out-patient department, Japanese Studies on Alcohol 9: 109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, D., 1976, Factors influencing alcohol consumption, in: Alcoholism ( G. Edwards and M. Grant, eds.), University Park Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, D., 1978, Talking Out of Alcoholism, Croom Helm, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohan, W. P., 1974, Harmful drinking viewed as an act, in: Internat'l Institute on Prevention and Treatment of Alcoholism (20th), Manchester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohan, W. P., 1976, Quantitative dimensions of alcohol use for hospitalized problem drinkers, Dis. Nerv. System 37 :154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohan, W. P., 1978, Comments on the N.C.A. criteria study, J. Stud. Alcohol 39: 211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roizen, R., 1977, Comment on the “Rand Report,” J. Stud. Alcohol 38: 170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Room, R., 1970, Assumptions and implications of disease concepts of alcoholism, in: Internat'l Congress on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence (29th), Melboume.

    Google Scholar 

  • Room, R., 1972, Comment on “The Alcohologist’s addiction,” Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 33: 1049.

    Google Scholar 

  • Room, R., 1972, Comment on “The Alcohologist’s addiction,” Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 33: 1049.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, C. M., 1977, Comments on “Alcoholism: A controlled trial of ‘treatment’ and ‘advice,’ “J. Stud. Alcohol 38 :1817.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salzman v. U.S., 1968,405 F 2d 358 (D.C. Cir.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schachter, S., 1964, The interaction of cognitive and physiological determinants of emotional state, in: Advances in Experimental Social Psychology ( L. Berkowitz, ed.), Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schade v. State, 1973, 512 P 2d 907 (Ala.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, W., 1976, Cirrhosis and alcohol consumption: An epidemiological perspective, in: Alcoholism ( G. Edwards and M. Grant, eds.), University Park Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuckit, M. A., 1972, Family history and half-sibling research in alcoholism, in: Nature and Nurture in Alcoholism ( F. A. Seixas, G. S. Omenn, E. D. Burk, and S. Eggleston, eds.), Annals of New York Academy of Science, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuckit, M. A., 1977, Comments on “Alcoholism: A controlled trial of ‘treatment’ and ‘advice,’”J. Stud. Alcohol 38 :1813.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuckit, M. A., and Haglund, R. M., 1977, An overview of the etiological theories on alcoholism, in: Alcoholism ( N. J. Estes and M. E. Heinemann, eds.), C. V. Mosby, St. Louis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuckit, M. A., and Vidamantas, R., 1979, Ethanol ingestion: Differences in blood acetaldehyde concentrations in relatives of alcoholics and controls, Science 203 :54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuckit, M. A., Goodwin, D. A., and Winokur, G., 1972, A study of alcoholism in half siblings, Amer. J. Psychiat. 128 :1132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwabacher v. People, 1897,46 NE 809.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedgwick, P., 1973, Illness-mental and otherwise, Hastings Center Stud. 1 :19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seeley, J. R., 1959, The W.H.O. definition of alcoholism, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 20: 352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seely, State v., 1973, 510 P 2d 115 (S. Ct., Kan.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Seixas, F. A., 1974a, Better treatment of alcoholism, Ann. Intern. Med. 81 :396.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seixas, F. A., 1974b, Comment on Glatt, in: Alcoholism: A Medical Profile (N. Kessel, A. Hawker, and H. Chalke, eds.), B. Edsall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seixas, F. A., 1976, Currents in Alcoholism, Vols. I and I I, Grune and Stratton, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seixas, F. A., 1977, Comments on “The N.C.A. criteria for the diagnosis of alcoholism: An empirical evaluation study,” J. Stud. Alcohol, 38 :1834.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seixas, F. A., 1978, Comment-the N.C.A. criteria: A response to Rohan and Filstead et al., Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 39 :1308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sevier, State v., 1889, 20 NE 245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, U.S. v., 1967,383 F 2d 680 (7th Cir.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, S., Cartwright, A., Spratley, T., and Harwin, J., 1978, Responding to Drinking Problems, Croom Helm, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shield, J., 1976, Genetics and alcoholism, in: Alcoholism ( G. Edwards and M. Grant, eds.), University Park Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shoffner, State v., 1966, 143 NW 2d 458 (Wisc.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegler, M., Osmond, H., and Newell, S., 1968, Models of alcoholism, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 29: 571.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, People v., 1939, 95 P 2d 453.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, U.S. v., 1968, 404 F 2d 720 (6th Cir.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sobell, M. B., and Sobell, L. C., 1976, Second year treatment outcome of alcoholics treated by individualized behavior therapy: Results, Behav. Res. Ther. 14 :195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spinks, People v., 1967, 253 Cal. App. 2d 748.

    Google Scholar 

  • Staples v. State, 1976, 245 NW 2d 679.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stedman’s Medical Dictionary, 1976, 23rd Ed., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweeney v. U.S., 1965, 353 F 2d 10 (7th Cir.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Swinson, R. P., and Eaves, D., 1978, Alcoholism and Addiction. MacDonald and Evans, Plymouth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szasz, T. S., 1970, Repudiation of the medical model, in: Psychopathology Today ( W. S. Sahakian, ed.), F. E. Peacock, Ill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taber's Cyclopedic Dictionary. 1965, 10th Ed., F. A. Davis, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tao. L. S., 1968, Legal problems of alcoholism, Fordham L. R. 37 :405.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tao, L. S., 1969. Alcoholism as a defense to crime, Notre Dame Law. 45 :68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarter, R. E., and Schneider, D. U.• 1976, Models and theories of alcoholism, in: Alcoholism ( R. E. Tarter and A. A. Sugerman, eds.), Addison-Wesley, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terrill Y. State. 1889,42 NW 243 (Wisc.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Terry Y. Commonwealth. 1963, 371 SW 2d 862 (Ky.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tolor, A., and Tamerin, J. S., 1973. The question of a genetic basis for alcoholism, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 34: 1341.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toner, People v 1922, 187 NW 386.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toulmin. S., 1977, Introductory note: The multiple aspects of mental health and mental disease, J. Med. and Philos. 2 :191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Twaddle. A. C., 1974. The concept of health status, Soc. Sci. Med. 8 :29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Twomey, D., 1969. The chronic alcoholic: Treatment v. punishment, Suffolk Uniy. L. R. 3 :406.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Dijk. W. K., 1974, Problems concerning the application of the medical model in alcoholism, in: Alcoholism: A Medical Profile ( N. Kessel, A. Hawker, and H. Chalke, eds.), B. Edsall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Veatch, R., 1973, The medical model: Its nature and problems, Hastings Center Stud. 1 :59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vick Y. Alaska. 1959, 453 P 2d 345.

    Google Scholar 

  • Victor, M., and Adams, R. I., 1953, The effect of alcohol on the nervous system, Assoc. Res. Nerv. Ment. Dis 32 :526.

    Google Scholar 

  • Victor, M., and Wolfe, S. M., 1973. The problem of alcohol addiction, in: Alcoholism ( P. Bourne and R. Fox, eds.), Academic Press. New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wade Y. U.S.• 1970,426 F 2d 64 (9th Cir.).

    Google Scholar 

  • West, L. J., 1972, Research strategies in alcoholism, in: Nature and Nurture in Alcoholism ( F. A. Seixas, G. S. Omenn, E. D. Burk. and S. Eggleston, eds.), Annals of New York Academy of Science, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • White. State v., 1958, 142 A 2d 65.

    Google Scholar 

  • White. State v., 1969. 456 P 2d 797 (Ida.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, A. F., 1976. The alcoholic personality, in: The Biology of Alcoholism ( B. Kissin and H. Begleiter, eds.), Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R., and Davis, M., 1976, Alcoholic liver diseases-basic pathology and clinical variants, in: Alcoholism ( G. Edwards and M. Grant. eds.), University Park Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson. People Y •• 1968, 67 Cal Rptr. 768.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson. State v., 1889, 10 SE 315 (N.C.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Winnick, C., ed., 1974, Sociological Aspects of Drug Dependence. CRC Press, Cleveland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wion Y. U.S.• 1963, 325 F 2d 420 (lOth Cir.).Wisconsin Statutes Annotated, 1958, Par. 939. 42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, I., Chafetz, M. E., Blane, H. T., and Hill, M. J., 1965, Social factors in the diagnosis of alcoholism, Q. J. Stud. Alcohol 26 :72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wootton, B., 1963, Crime and the Criminal Law. Ch. 3, Stevens, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization, 1952, Expert Comm. on Mental Health. Alcoholism Subcomm., 2 nd Report. Tech. Rep. Series, #48, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization, 1955, Expert Comm. on Mental Health, Alcoholism Subcomm.• 1 st Report. Tech. Rep. Series. #84. Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization, 1974, Glossary of Mental Disorders and Guide to Their Classification, 8th rev., Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt. People v., 1972, 22 Cal. App. 3d 671.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fingarette, H. (1983). Philosophical and Legal Aspects of the Disease Concept of Alcoholism. In: Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems. Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems, vol 7. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3626-6_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3626-6_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3628-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3626-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics