Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Theta and Delta Responses in Cognitive Event-Related Potential Paradigms and Their Possible Psychophysiological Correlates

  • Chapter
Cognitive Electrophysiology

Abstract

This chapter combines a review of event-related potentials (ERPs) with empirical data concerning the question: What are the differences between auditory evoked potentials (EPs) and two types of ERPs with respect to their frequency components? In this study, auditory EPs were elicited by 1500-Hz tones. The first type of ERPs was responses to third attended tones in an omitted stimulus paradigm where every fourth stimulus was omitted. The second type of ERPs was responses to rare 1600-Hz tones in an oddball paradigm. The amplitudes of delta and theta components of EPs and ERPs showed significant differences: In responses to third attended tones, there was a significant increase in the theta frequency band (frontal and parietal locations; 0–250 msec). In delta frequency band, there was no significant change. In contrast a diffuse delta increase occurred in oddball responses, and an additional prolongation of theta oscillations was observèd (late theta response, 250–500 msec). These results are discussed in the scope of ERPs as induced rhythmicities. The intracranial sources of ERPs, their psychological correlates, and the role of theta rhythms in the corticohippocampal interaction are reviewed. From these results and from the literature a working hypothesis is derived assuming that delta responses are mainly involved in signal matching, decision making, and surprise, whereas theta responses are more related to focused attention and signal detection.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aleksanov SN, Vainstein II, Preobrashenskaya LA (1986): Relationship between electrical potentials of the hippocampus, amygdala and neocortex during instrumental conditioned reflexes. Neurosci Behav Physiol 16:199–207.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Altafullah I, Halgren E, Stapleton JM, Crandall P (1986): Interictal spike-wave complexes in the human medial temporal lobe: Typical topography and comparison with cognitive potentials. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 63:503–516.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Başar E (1980): EEG Brain Dynamics. Relation Between EEG and Brain Evoked Potentials. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Başar E (1983): Toward a physical approach to integrative physiology. I. Brain dynamics and physical causality. Am J Physiol 254:R510–R533.

    Google Scholar 

  • Başar E (1988): EEG-dynamics and evoked potentials in sensory and cognitive processing by the brain. In: Dynamics of Sensory and Cognitive Processing by the Brain, Başar E, ed. Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Başar E (1992): Brain natural frequencies are causal factors for resonances and induced rhythms. In: Induced Rhythms in the Brain, Başar E, Bullock TH, eds. Boston: Birkhäuser.

    Google Scholar 

  • Başar E, Özesmi Ç (1972): The hippocampal EEG-activity and systems-analytical interpretation of averaged evoked potentials of the brain. Kybernetik 12:45–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Başar E, Stampfer HG (1985): Important associations among EEG-dynamics, event-related potentials, short-term memory and learning. Int J Neurosci 26:161–180.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Başar E, Ungan P (1973): A component analysis and principles derived for the understanding of evoked potentials of the brain: A study in the hippocampus. Kybernetik 12:133–140.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Başar E, Başar-Eroglu C, Rahn E, Schürmann M (1991): Sensory and cognitive components of brain resonance responses: An analysis of responsiveness in human and cat brain upon visual and auditory stimulation. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockholm) Suppl. 491:25–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Başar E, Başar-Eroglu C, Röschke J, Schütt A (1989): The EEG is a quasi-deterministic signal anticipating sensory-cognitive tasks. In: Brain Dynamics, Başar E, Bullock TH, eds. Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Başar E, Başar-Eroglu C, Rosen B, Schütt A (1984): A new approach to endogenous event-related potentials in man: relation between EEG and P300-wave. Int J Neurosci 24:1–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Başar E, Gönder A, Özesmi Ç, Ungan P (1975a): Dynamics of brain rhythmic and evoked potentials. I. Some computer methods for the analysis of electrical signals from the brain. Biol Cybern 20:137–145.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Başar E, Gönder A, Özesmi Ç, Ungan P (1975b): Dynamics of brain rhythmic and evoked potentials. II. Studies in the auditory pathway, reticular formation and hippocampus during the waking stage. Biol Cybern 20:145–160.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Başar E, Gönder A, Özesmi Ç, Ungan P (1975c): Dynamics of brain rhythmic and evoked potentials. III. Studies in the auditory pathway, reticular formation and hippocampus during sleep. Biol Cybern 20:160–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Başar E, Başar-Eroglu C, Parnefjord R, Rahn E, Schürmann M (1992): Evoked potentials: Ensembles of brain induced rhythmicities in the alpha, theta and gamma ranges. In: Induced Rhythms in the Brain, Başar E, Bullock TH, eds. Boston: Birkhäuser.

    Google Scholar 

  • Başar-Eroglu C, Başar E (1987): Endogenous components of event-related potentials in hippocampus: an analysis with freely moving cats. In: Current Trends in Event-Related Potential Research, Johnson R, Jr., Rohrbaugh JW, Parasuraman R, eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Başar-Eroglu C, Başar E (1991): A compound P300–40 Hz response of the cat hippocampus. Int J Neurosci 60:227–237.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Başar-Eroglu C, Basar E, Demiralp T, Schürmann M (1992): P300 response: Possible psychophysiological correlates in delta and theta frequency channels. Int J Psychophysiol 13:161–179.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Başar-Eroglu C, Başar E, Schmielau F (1991a): P300 in freely moving cats with intracranial electrodes. Int J Neurosci 60:215–226.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Başar-Eroglu C, Schmielau F, Schramm U, Schult J (1991b): P300 response of hippocampus with multielectrodes in cats. Int J Neurosci 60:239–248.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bendat JS, Pierson AG (1968): Measurement and Analysis of Random Data. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birbaumer N, Elbert T, Canavan AGM, Rockstroh B (1990): Slow potentials of the cerebral cortex and behavior. Physiol Rev 70:1–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd EH, Boyd ES, Brown LE (1976): Long latency evoked responses in squirrel monkey frontal cortex. Exp Neurol 515:22–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buchwald JS, Squires NS (1982): Endogenous auditory potentials in the cat. In: Conditioning: Representation of Involved Neural Function, Woody CD, ed. New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bullock TH (1992): Introduction to induced rhythms: A widespread, heterogenous class of oscillations. In: Induced Rhythms in the Brain, Başar E, Bullock TH, eds. Boston: Birkhäuser.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buzsaki G (1992): Network properties of the thalamic clock: Role of oscillatory behavior in mood disorders. In: Induced Rhythms in the Brain, Başar E, Bullock TH, eds. Boston: Birkhäuser.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman RM (1973): Evoked potentials of the brain related to thinking. In: Psychophysiology of Thinking: Studies of Covert Processes, McGuigan FJ, Schoonover RA, eds. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman RM, Bragdon HR (1964): Evoked responses to numerical and non-numerical visual stimuli while problem solving. Nature (London) 203:1155–1157.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Courchesne E (1978): Changes in P3 waves with event repetition: long-term effects on scalp distribution and amplitude. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 45: 754–766.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Demiralp T, Başar E (1992): Theta rhythmicities following expected visual and auditory targets. Int J Psychophysiol 13:147–160.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Desmedt JE, Debecker J (1979): Wave form and neural mechanism of the decision P350 elicited without pre-stimulus CNV or readiness potential in random sequences of near threshold auditory clicks and finger stimuli. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol, 47:648–670.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Desmedt JE, Juy NT, Bourguet M (1983): The cognitive P40, N60 and P100 components of somatosensory evoked potentials and the earliest electrical signs of sensory processing in man. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 56:272–282.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donchin E (1981): Surprise! . . . Surprise! Psychophysiology 18:493–513.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donchin E, Heffley E, Hillyard SA, Loveless N, Maltzman I, Ohman A, Rosler F, Ruchkin D, Siddle D (1984): Cognition and event-related potentials. II. The orienting reflex and P300. Ann NY Acad Sci, 425:39–57.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman W (1992): Predictions on neocortical dynamics derived from studies in paleocortex. In: Induced Rhythms in the Brain, Başar E, Bullock TH, eds. Boston: Birkhäuser.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuster JM (1991): The Prefrontal Cortex. Anatomy, Physiology and Neuropsychology of the Frontal Lobe. New York: Raven Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galambos R (1992): A comparison of certain gamma band (40-Hz) brain rhythms in cat and man. In: Induced Rhythms in the Brain, Başar E, Bullock TH, eds. Boston: Birkhäuser.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goff ER, Allison T, Vaughan HG, Jr. (1978): The functional neuroanatomy of event-related potentials. In: Event-Related Potentials in Man, Tuetin EP, Koslow SH, eds. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman-Rakic PS (1988): Topography of cognition: Parallel distributed networks in primate association cortex. Annu Rev Neurosci 11:37–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gray CM, Engel AK, König P, Singer W (1992): Mechanisms underlying the generation of neuronal oscillations in cat visual cortex. In: Induced Rhythms in the Brain, Başar E, Bullock TH, eds. Boston: Birkhäuser.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halgren E, Stapleton JM, Smith M, Altafullah I (1986): Generators of the human scalp P3. In: Evoked Potentials, Cracco RQ, Bodis-Wollner I, eds. New York: Alan R. Liss.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison JB, Dickerson LW, Song S, Buchwald JS (1990): Cat P300 present after association cortex ablation. Brain Res Bull 24:551–560.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heinze HJ, Luck SJ, Mangun GR, Hillyard SA (1990): Visual event-related potentials index focused attention within bilateral stimulus arrays. I. Evidence for early selection. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 75:511–527.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hillyard SA, Picton TW (1979): Event-related brain potentials and selective information processing in man. In: Progress in Clinical Neurophysiology, Vol. 6, Desmedt JE, ed. Basel: Karger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson R, Jr. (1988): Scalp recorded P300 activity in patients following unilateral temporal lobectomy. Brain 111:1517–1529.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katayama Y, Sukiyama T, Subokawa T (1985): Thalamic negativity associated with the endogenous late positive component of cerebral evoked potentials (P300): Recording using discriminative aversive conditioning in human and cats. Brain Res Bull 14:223–226.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knight RT, Hillyard SA, Woods DL, Neville HJ (1981): The effects of frontal cortex lesions on event-related potentials during auditory selective attention. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 52:571–582.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolev V, Schürmann M (1992): Event-related prolongation of induced EEG rhythmi-cities in experiments with a cognitive task. Int J Neurosci 67:199–213.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lang M, Lang W, Diekmann V, Kornhuber HH (1987): The frontal theta rhythm indicating motor and cognitive learning. In: Current Trends in Event-Related Potential Research, Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 40. Johnson R, Jr, Rohrbaugh JW, Parasuraman R, eds.

    Google Scholar 

  • Llinas RR, Graves A (1988): The intrinsic electrophysiological properties of mammalian neurons: Insights into central nervous system function. Science 242:1654–1664.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lopes da Silva FH (1992): The rhythmic slow activity (theta) of the limbic cortex: An oscillation in search of a function. In: Induced Rhythms in the Brain, Başar E, Bullock TH, eds. Boston: Birkhäuser.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynch JC, Mountcastle VB, Talbot WH, Yin TCT (1977): Parietal lobe mechanisms for directed visual attention. J Neurophysiol 40:362–389.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller R (1991): Cortico-Hippocampal Interplay and the Representation of Contexts in the Brain. Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mizuki Y, Takii O, Nishijima H, Inanaga K (1983): The relationship between the appearance of frontal midline theta activity (FmO) and memory function. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mizuki Y, Masotoshi T, Isozaki H, Nishijima H, Inanaga K (1980): Periodic appearance of theta rhythm in the frontal midline area during performance of a mental task. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 49:345–351.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mountcastle VB (1992): Prologue. In: Induced Rhythms in the Brain, Başar E, Bullock TH, eds. Boston: Birkhäuser.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mountcastle VB, Andersen RA, Motter BC (1981): The influence of attentive fixation upon the excitability of the light-sensitive neurons of the posterior parietal cortex. J Neurosci 1:1218–1235.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mountcastle VB, Motter BC, Steinmetz MA, Duffy CJ (1984): Looking and seeing: The visual functions of the parietal lobe. In: Dynamic Aspects of Neocortical Function, Edelman GM, Gall WE, Cowan WM, eds. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mountcastle VB, Lynch JC, Georgopoulos A, Sakata H, Acuna C (1975): The posterior parietal association cortex of the monkey: Command functions for operations within extrapersonal space. J Neurophysiol 38:871–908.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mundy-Castle AC (1951): Theta and beta rhythm in the electroencephalograms of normal adults. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 3:477–486.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Münte TF, Kunkel H (1990): Ereigniskorrelierte Potentiale in der Psychiatrie—Methodische Grundlagen. Psychiatr Neurol Med Psychol 42:649–659.

    Google Scholar 

  • Näätänen R (1988): Implications of ERP data for psychological theories of attention. In: Event-Related Potential Investigations of Cognition, Renault B, Kutas M, Coles MGH, Gaillard AWK, eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Näätänen R (1990): The role of attention in auditory information processing as revealed by event-related potentials and other brain measures of cognitive function. Behav Brain Sci 13:201–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor TA, Starr A (1985): Intracranial potentials correlated with an event related potential, P300, in the cat. Brain Res 339:27–38.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paller KA, Zola-Morgan S, Squire LR, Hillyard SA (1988): P3-like brain waves in normal monkeys and monkeys with medial temporal lesions. Behav Neurosci 102:714–725.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parnefjord R, Baçar E (1992): Delta-Oscillationen als Korrelat für akustische Wahrnehmungen an der Hörschwelle. 37. Jahrestagung der Deutschen EEG-Gesellschaft, Magdeburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petsche H, Rappelsberger P (1992): Is there any message hidden in the human EEG? In: Induced Rhythms in the Brain, Başar E, Bullock TH, eds. Boston: Birkhäuser.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petersen SE, Fox PT, Miezin FM, Raichle ME (1988): Modulation of cortical visual responses by direction of spatial attention measured by PET. Assoc Res Vision Ophthal, p. 22 (abstr.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfurtscheller G, Klimesch W (1992): Event-related synchronization and desynchronization of alpha and beta waves in a cognitive task. In: Induced Rhythms in the Brain, Başar E, Bullock TH, eds. Boston: Birkhäuser.

    Google Scholar 

  • Picton TW, Hillyard SA (1974): Human auditory evoked potentials. II: Effects of attention. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 36:193–199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Picton TW, Stuss DT (1980): The component structure of the human event-related potentials. In: Motivation, Motor and Sensory Processes of the Brain: Electrical Potentials, Behavior and Clinical Use, Kornhuber HH, Deecke L, eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pineda JA, Foote SL, Neville HJ (1987): Long latency event-related potentials in squirrel monkeys: further characterization of wave form morphology, topographic and functional properties. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 67:77–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Posner MI, Petersen SE (1990): The attention system of the human brain. Annu Rev Neurosci 13:25–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pritchard WS (1981): Psychophysiology of P300. Psychol Bull 89:506–540.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Regan D (1989): Human Brain Electrophysiology: Evoked Potentials and Evoked Magnetic Fields in Science and Medicine. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rémond A, Lesévre N (1957): Remarques sur l’activité cérébrale des sujets normaux. In: Conditionnement et réactivité en électroencéphalographie (Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol, Suppl 6), Fischgold H, Gastaut H, eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ritter W, Vaughan HG, Costa LD (1968): Orienting and habituation to auditory stimuli: A study of short term changes in averaged evoked responses. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 25:550–556.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson DL, Goldberg ME, Staunton GB (1978): Parietal association cortex in the primate: Sensory mechanisms and behavioral modulations. J Neurophysiol 41:910–932.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rösler F (1982): Hirnelektrische Korrelate kognitiver Prozesse. Berlin: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Roth WT (1973): Auditory evoked responses to unpredictable stimuli. Psychophysiology 10:125–137.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sachs L (1974): Angewandte Statistik. Heidelberg: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shepherd GM (1988): Neurobiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simson R, Vaughan HG, Jr, Ritter W (1977): The scalp topography of potentials in auditory and visual go/no go tasks. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 43:864–875.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith ME, Halgren E, Sokolik M, Bauden P, Musolino A, Liégeois-Chauvel C, Chauvel P (1990): The intracranial topography of the P3 event-related potential elicited during auditory oddball. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 76:235–248.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solodovnikov VV (1960): Introduction to the Statistical Dynamics of Automatic Control Systems. New York: Dover.

    Google Scholar 

  • Squires NK, Donchin E, Squires K, Grossberg S (1977): Biosensory stimulation: Inferring decision-related processes from P300 component. J Exp Psychol 3:299–315.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stampfer HG, Basar E (1985): Does frequency analysis lead to a better understanding of human event-related potentials? Int J Neurosci 26:181–196.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stapleton JM, Halgren E (1987): Endogenous potentials evoked in simple cognitive tasks: depth components and task correlates. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 67:44–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sutton S, Tueting P, Zubin J, John ER (1967): Information delivery and the sensory evoked potential. Science 155:1436–1439.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tononi G, Sporns O, Edelman GM (1992): The problem of neural integration: Induced rhythms and short-term correlations. In: Induced Rhythms in the Brain, Başar E, Bullock TH, eds. Boston: Birkhäuser.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Tweel LH (1961): Some problems in vision regarded with respect to linearity and frequency response. Ann NY Acad Sci 89:829–856.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan HG, Jr, Ritter W (1970): The sources of auditory evoked responses recorded from the human scalp. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 28:360–367.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walter DO, Etevenon P, Pidoux B, Tortrat S, Guillou S (1984): Computerized topo-EEG spectral maps: Difficulties and perspectives. Neuropsychobiology 11:264–272.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal KP, Grözinger B, Diekmann V, Scherb W, Reeß J, Leibing U, Kornhuber HH (1990): Slower theta activity over the midfrontal cortex in schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 81:132–138.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wood CC, McCarthy G (1985): A possible frontal lobe contribution to scalp P3. Soc Neurosci Abstr 11:879.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood CC, Allison T, Goff WR, Williamson PD, Spencer DD (1980): On the neuronal origin of P300 in man. In: Motivation, Motor and Sensory Processes of the Brain: Electrical Potentials, Behaviour and Clinical Use, Kornhuber HH, Deecke L, eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood CC, McCarthy G, Allison T, Goff W, Williamson PD, Spencer DD (1982): Endogenous event-related potentials following temporal lobe excisions in humans. Soc Neurosci Abstr 8:976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woods DL (1990): The physiological basis of selective attention: Implication of event-related potential studies. In: Event-Related Brain Potentials, Basic Issues and Applications, Rohrbaugh JW, Parasuraman R, Johnson R, Jr., eds. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin TCT, Mountcastle VB (1977): Visual input to the visuomotor mechanisms of the monkey’s parietal lobe. Science 197:1381–1383.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Erol Başar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Martin Schürmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Canan Başar-Eroglu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Tamer Demiralp
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Neurologische Klinik, Konstanty-Gutschow-Straße 8, D-3000, Hannover 61, Germany

    H.-J. Heinze

  2. Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Neurologische Klinik, D-3000, Hannover 61, Germany

    T. F. Münte

  3. Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA

    George R. Mangun

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Başar, E., Schürmann, M., Başar-Eroglu, C., Demiralp, T. (1994). Theta and Delta Responses in Cognitive Event-Related Potential Paradigms and Their Possible Psychophysiological Correlates. In: Heinze, HJ., Münte, T.F., Mangun, G.R. (eds) Cognitive Electrophysiology. Birkhäuser, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0283-7_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0283-7_15

  • Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-6693-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-0283-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation