Skip to main content

Adolescents’ Digital Worlds: An Introduction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Digital Youth

Part of the book series: Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development ((ARAD))

Abstract

Adolescents today live enmeshed in digital media, such as computers, video games, cell phones, and other hand-held devices. Often referred to as digital natives, many have lived their entire lives surrounded and immersed within digital worlds. These new technologies are undoubtedly popular among adolescents, but parents and other observers often see them as negative influences. Are these concerns justified or are media more benign and helpful to adolescents? Which technologies do teens use and what do they do with them? Does adolescents’ use of technology help them navigate the challenges of adolescence or does it only complicate matters? Are digital worlds giving rise to new behaviors or are we seeing the transfer of traditionally adolescent behaviors to digital worlds? What are some of the opportunities, challenges, and dangers that come with technology use? How can we ensure that young people use technology safely? We tackle some of these questions in this book, and hope to leave the reader with an understanding of how youth influence and are influenced by newer forms of interactive technologies. In this chapter, we describe the digital landscape surrounding adolescents, including the technologies and online applications that they use as well as the salient aspects of the communication environment inherent to most newer digital media. The chapter concludes with the specific goals and organization plan of the book.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The World Internet Project is described in greater detail later on in this chapter.

  2. 2.

    Keeping up with rapidly changing technologies is a huge challenge for researchers studying adolescents’ digital worlds and is addressed later on in this chapter.

  3. 3.

    Since the researchers only analyzed the blogs and did not actually contact the blog authors themselves, we have no way of knowing whether the bloggers were actually adolescents or not. This is another methodological concern that we tackle later on in this chapter.

  4. 4.

    Thanks to Roy Cheng, a youth gamer, for compiling this list.

References

  • Blinka, L., & Šmahel, D. (2009). Fourteen is fourteen and a girl is a girl: Validating the identity of adolescent bloggers. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 12, 735–739.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, B. B. (2004). Adolescents’ relationships with peers. In M. R. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent psychology (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buhrmester, D., & Prager, K. (1995). Patterns and functions of self-disclosure during childhood and adolescence. In K. J. Rotenberg (Ed.), Disclosure processes in children and adolescents (pp. 10–56). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Carrier, L. M., Cheever, N. A., Rosen, L. D., Benitez, S., & Chang, J. (2009). Multitasking across generations: Multitasking choices and difficulty ratings in three generations of Americans. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 483–489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crystal, D. (2004). A glossary of netspeak and textspeak. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crystal, D. (2006). Language and the internet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Derks, D., Bos, A. E. R., & von Grumbkow, J. (2008). Emoticons and online message interpretation. Social Science Computer Review, 26, 379–388.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durkin, K., & Barber, B. (2002). Not so doomed: Computer game play and positive adolescent development. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 23, 373–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eijnden, R., Meerkerk, G. J., Vermulst, A. A., Spijkerman, R., & Engels, R. (2008). Online communication, compulsive internet use, and psychosocial well-being among adolescents: A longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 44, 655–665.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Europa Press-Release. (2009). Commission calls on mobile operators to continue to improve child safety policies [Electronic version]. Retrieved August 14, 2009, from http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/09/596

  • eMarketer. (2007). Kids and teens: Virtual Worlds Open New Universe. Retrieved 16 July, 2009, from http://www.emarketer.com/Report.aspx?code=emarketer_2000437

  • Fields, D. A., & Kafai, Y. B. (2007) Stealing from grandma or generating cultural knowledge? Contestations and effects of cheats in a tween virtual world. Paper presented at the Situated Play, Proceedings of DiGRA 2007 conference. Retrieved March 4, 2009, from http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kafai/paper/whyville_pdfs/DIGRA07_cheat.pdf

  • Greenfield, P. M., & Subrahmanyam, K. (2003). Online discourse in a teen chatroom: New codes and new modes of coherence in a visual medium. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 24, 713–738.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenfield, P. M., & Yan, Z. (2006). Children, adolescents, and the internet: A new field of inquiry in developmental psychology. Developmental Psychology, 42, 391–394.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, M. D., Davies, M. N. O., & Chappell, D. (2004). Online computer gaming: A comparison of adolescent and adult gamers. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 87–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grinter, R. E., & Eldridge, M. (2001). y do tngrs luv 2 txt msg. Paper presented at the seventh European conference on computer-supported cooperative work ECSCW’01, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross, E. F. (2004). Adolescent internet use: What we expect, what teens report. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 25, 633–649.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hargittai, E. (2007). Whose space? Differences among users and non-users of social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13, Article 14. Retrieved November 27, 2009, fromhttp://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol13/issue1/hargittai.html

  • Harris Interactive. (2008). Teenagers: A generation unplugged. Retrieved November 27, 2009 from http://files.ctia.org/pdf/HI_TeenMobileStudy_ResearchReport.pdf

  • Herring, S. C., Scheidt, L. A., Bonus, S., & Wright, E. (2004). Bridging the gap: A genre analysis of weblogs. Paper presented at the Procceedings of the 37th Hawai’i International Conference on System Sciences, Hawai.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang, A. H., Yen, D. C., & Zhang, X. N. (2008). Exploring the potential effects of emoticons. Information & Management, 45, 466–473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joinson, A. N. (2001). Self-disclosure in computer-mediated communication: The role of self-awareness and visual anonymity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 177–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joinson, A. N. (2007). Disinhibition and the internet. In J. Gackenbach (Ed.), Psychology and the internet (pp. 75–92). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, S., & Fox, S. (2009). Generations online in 2009. Retrieved February 9, 2009, from http://pewresearch.org/pubs/1093/generations-online

  • Kendall, L. (2003). Cyberspace. In S. Jones (Ed.), Encyclopedia of new media (pp. 112–114). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinnally, W., Lacayo, A., McClung, S., & Sapolsky, B. (2008). Getting up on the download: College students’ motivations for acquiring music via the web. New Media Society, 10, 893–913.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lebo, H., Cole, J. I., Suman, M., Schramm, P., Zhou, L., Salvador, A., et al. (2009). World internet project international report 2009. Los Angeles, LA: Center for the Digital Future.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenhart, A., & Madden, M. (2007). Social networking websites and teens: An overview. Pew Internet & American Life Project, Retrieved November 28, 2009 from http://www.pewinternet.org/~/media//Files/Reports/2007/PIP_SNS_Data_Memo_Jan_2007.pdf.pdf

  • Lo, S. K. (2008). The nonverbal communication functions of emoticons in computer-mediated communication. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11, 595–597.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manago, A. M., Graham, M. B., Greenfield, P. M., & Salimkhan, G. (2008). Self-presentation and gender on MySpace. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29, 446–458.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oreskovic, A. (2009). Facebook makes money, tops 300 million users. Retrieved September 16, 2009, from http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/us_facebook

  • Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ray, R. (2009). Netspeak and internet slang (Weblog). Retrieved August 10, 2009, from http://www.wordskit.com/blog/words/netspeak-and-internet-slang-words/

  • Reich, S. M., Subrahmanyam, K., & Espinoza, G. E. (2009). Adolescents’ use of social networking sites - Should we be concerned? Paper presented at the Society for Research on Child Development, Denver, CO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, D. F., & Foehr, U. G. (2008). Trends in media use. The Future of Children, 18(1), 11–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, D. F., Foehr, U. G., & Rideout, V. (2005). Generation M: Media in the lives of 8–18 Year-olds – report. Retrieved December 16, 2008 from http://www.kff.org/entmedia/7251.cfm

  • Šmahel, D. (2001). Electronic communication and its specifics. Ceskoslovenska Psychologie, 45, 252–258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Šmahel, D. (2003a). Communication of adolescents in the internet environment. Ceskoslovenska Psychologie, 47, 144–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Šmahel, D. (2003b). Psychologie a internet: děti dospělými, dospělí dětmi. [Psychology and internet: Children being adults, adults being children.]. Prague: Triton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Šmahel, D., & Subrahmanyam, K. (2007).‘Any girls want to chat press 911’: Partner selection in monitored and unmonitored teen chat rooms. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10, 346–353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stallabrass, J. (1995). Empowering technology: The exploration of cyberspace. New Left Review, I/211, 3–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinfield, C., Ellison, N. B., & Lampe, C. A. C. (2008). Social capital, self-esteem, and use of online social network sites: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29, 434–445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subrahmanyam, K. (2009). Developmental implications of children’s virtual worlds. Washington and Lee Law Review, 66, 1065–1084.

    Google Scholar 

  • Subrahmanyam, K., Garcia, E. C., Harsono, S. L., Li, J., & Lipana, L. (2009). In their words: Connecting online weblogs to developmental processes. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 27, 219–245.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Subrahmanyam, K., & Greenfield, P. M. (2008a). Online communication and adolescent relationships. The Future of Children, 18, 119–146.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Subrahmanyam, K., & Greenfield, P. M. (2008b). Virtual worlds in development: Implications of social networking sites. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29, 417–419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subrahmanyam, K., Greenfield, P. M., & Tynes, B. M. (2004). Constructing sexuality and identity in an online teen chat room. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology: An International Lifespan Journal, 25, 651–666.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subrahmanyam, K., Reich, S. M., Waechter, N., & Espinoza, G. (2008). Online and offline social networks: Use of social networking sites by emerging adults. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29, 420–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subrahmanyam, K., Šmahel, D., & Greenfield, P. M. (2006). Connecting developmental constructions to the internet: Identity presentation and sexual exploration in online teen chat rooms. Developmental Psychology, 42, 395–406.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • TechCrunch. (2009). Why don’t teens tweet? We asked over 10,000 of them. Retrieved September 20, 2009, from http://www.techcrunch.com/2009/08/30/why-dont-teens-tweet-we-asked-over-10000-of-them/

  • Wakeford, N. (1999). Gender and the landscapes of computing in an internet café. In M. Crang, P. Crang, & J. May (Eds.), Virtual geographies: Bodies, space, and relations (pp. 178–202). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallis, C. (2006). The multitasking generation. Time Magazine, 167, 48–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wikipedia. (2009). List of social networking websites. Retrieved January 7, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_social_networking_websites

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kaveri Subrahmanyam .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Subrahmanyam, K., Šmahel, D. (2011). Adolescents’ Digital Worlds: An Introduction. In: Digital Youth. Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6278-2_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics