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Career Guidance in a Global World

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International Handbook of Career Guidance

The period of industrialisation in the Western world was first marked by the development of large business companies within countries. Companies and corporations assumed responsibility for all aspects of the development, production and distribution process. As noted by Savickas (see Chapter 5), they were city-located, hierarchically organised and offered the possibility for stable and well-defined career paths within the organisations themselves. This led to a migration of workers from the rural areas to the cities or in some cases from one country or one continent to another (e.g., from Europe to the USA).

Very soon, however, and even more so in the second half of the 20th century they grew into worldwide multinationals. The growth of the original organisation entailed the creation of many new jobs and brought industrialisation to new parts of the world. The model of hierarchical organisations encompassing the totality of the production or service process, and concentrated in a well-defined location, was exported the world over. Society was transformed by economic globalisation. This led to a situation where some organisations, including for example 17 of the top 100 UK companies, employing the majority of their workforce outside their home countries (Storey, 2000). Many examples of these situations can be found all over the world. This form of globalisation is closely connected to an increase in communication whether at the physical level of transportation of goods and people or at the virtual level. The development of technology in general and information and communication technology (ICT) in particular gave a further boost to the economic globalisation. The development of new industries and businesses triggered off a new migration process of workers within new countries and regions. Also, there appeared a new type of temporary migration, that is expatriate migration, which involved highly skilled professionals moving from mainly western home countries to new countries.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium

    Raoul Van Esbroeck

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  1. University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

    James A. Athanasou

  2. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium

    Raoul Van Esbroeck

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Van Esbroeck, R. (2008). Career Guidance in a Global World. In: Athanasou, J.A., Van Esbroeck, R. (eds) International Handbook of Career Guidance. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6230-8_2

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