Abstract
Gifted and talented children one day become adults and the experiences of their pre-adult years at home, in their various communities, and in school settings impact both their success and their happiness as adults. While development, education, and life experiences affect all individuals, it is in the interactions of high ability, ability-related performance, and what can best be called wisdom that the gifted and talented individual will find happiness. This chapter explores the dynamics related to the transformation of gifts into personal thriving. Talent has been called the development of the gifts into high-level performances, thriving begins with talent development but looks beyond high-level performance to deep satisfaction and what allows the gifted and talented to flourish across their life span. The notion of thriving includes academic and career success and adds the goal of personal happiness. Thriving is explored through the aspects of the psychology of human strengths, subjective well-being, strength of character, integrity, wisdom, the interaction of ability–interests–accomplishments, spirituality and faith, and positive personal relationships.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ackerman, S., Zuroff, D. C., & Moscowitz, D. S. (2000). Generativity in midlife and young adults: Links to agency, communion, and subjective well-being. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 50, 17–41.
Adams-Byers, J., Moon, S. M., Whitsell, S. S. (2004). Gifted students’ perceptions of the academic and social/emotional effects of homogenous and heterogeneous grouping. Gifted Child Quarterly, 48, 5–20.
Albright, C. R., & Ashbrook, J. B. (2001). Where God lives in the human brain. Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks.
Aquilino, W. S., & Supple, A. J. (2001). Long-term effects of parenting practices during adolescence on well-being outcomes in young adulthood. Journal of Family Issues, 22, 289–308.
Baltes, P. B., Staudinger, U. M., & Lindenberger, U. (1999). Lifespan psychology: Theory and application to intellectual functioning. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 471–507.
Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology Monograph, 4, 132–142.
Berk, L. (2004). Development through the lifespan. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Bernat, J. L. (2002). Ethics and the humanities: The diagnosis. [review of the book Ethics and the humanities: The Diagnosis]. Medical Ethics, 9, 5.
Bevan-Brown, J. (2005). Providing a culturally responsive environment for gifted Maori learners, International Educational Journal, 6, 150–155.
Bloom, B. (1985). Developing talent in young people. New York: Ballantine.
Bohlin, K. E., Farmer, D., & Ryan, K. (2001). Building Character in Schools Resource Guide. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Bornstein, M., Davidson, L., Keyes, C., & Moore, K. (Eds.). (2003). Well-being: Positive development across the life course. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Campbell, J. R., Wagner, H., & Walberg, H. J. (2000). Academic Competitions and Programs Designed to Challenge the Exceptionally Talented. In K. A. Heller, F. J. Mönks, R. J. Sternberg, & R. F. Subotnik (Eds.), International handbook of giftedness and talent (2nd ed., pp. 523–535). Oxford: Pergamon.
Carver, C. S. (1998). Resilience and thriving: Issues, models, and linkages. Journal of Social Issues, 54, 245–266.
Cattell, R. B. (1945). The description of personality: Principles and findings in a factor analysis. American Journal of Psychology, 58, 69–90.
Ciulla, J. B. (Ed.). (2003). The ethics of leadership. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Colangelo, N., Assouline, S. G., & Gross, M. U. M. (2004). A nation deceived: How schools hold back America’s brightest students. Iowa City, IA: The Connie Belin Jacqueline N. Blank International Center for Gifted Education and Talent Development.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper Collins.
Dahlsgaard, K., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2005). Shared virtue: The convergence of valued human strengths across culture and history. Review of General Psychology, 9, 203–213.
Dai, D. Y., Moon, S. M., & Feldhusen, J. F. (1998). Achievement motivation and gifted students: A social cognitive perspective. Educational Psychologist, 33, 45–64.
Danner, D. D., Snowden, D., & Friesen, W. V. (2001). Positive emotions in early life and longevity: Findings from the nun study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 804–813.
Delcourt, M. A. B., Loyd, B., Cornell, D. G., & Goldberg, M. L. (1994). Evaluation of the effects of programming arrangements on student learning outcomes. Monograph of the National Research Center on the Gifted and Talented (No. 94107). Storrs: University of Connecticut.
Diener, E., & Diener, C. (1996). Most people are happy. Psychological Science, 7, 181–185.
Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Very happy people. Psychological Science, 13, 80–83.
Diener, E., Suh, E., Lucas, R., & Smith, H. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276–303.
Dollahite, D. C. (1998). Fathering, faith, and spirituality. Journal of Men’s Studies, 7, 3–15.
Donahue, M. J., & Benson, P. L. (1995). Religion and well-being in adolescents. Journal of Social Issues, 51, 145–160.
Emmons, R. A., & Paloutzian, R. F. (2003). The psychology of religion. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 377–402.
Erikson, E. (1959). Identity and life cycle. In G.S. Klein (Ed.), Psychological issues (pp. 1–171). New York: International Universities Press.
Fischman, W., Solomon, B., Greenspan, D., & Gardner, H. (2004). Making good: How young people cope with moral dilemmas at work. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Fowers, B. J., & Tjeltveit, A. C. (2003). Virtue obscured and retrieved Character, community and practices in behavioral science. American Behavioral Scientist, 47, 387–394.
Frankl, V. E. (1963). Man’s Search for Meaning. New York: Washington Square Press.
Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2, 300–319.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218–226.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2000). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention and Treatment, 3. Retrieved January 25, 2006, from http://www.unc.edu/peplab/publications/cultivating.pdf
Fredrickson, B. L., & Branigan, B. (2005). Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought-action repertoires. Cognition and Emotion, 19, 313–332.
Fredrickson, B. L., Tugade, M. M., Waugh, C. E., & Larkin, G. (2003). What good are positive emotions in crises? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11th, 2001. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 365–376.
Gagné, F. (1985). Giftedness and talent: Reexamining a reexamination of the definitions. Gifted Child Quarterly, 29, 103–112.
Gagné, F. (2005). From gifts to talents. In R. Sternberg & J. Davidson (Eds.), Conceptions of giftedness (2nd ed., pp. 98–119). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Glover, J. (1999), Humanity: a moral history of the twentieth century. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Goldberg, L. R. (1999). A broad–bandwidth, public domain, personality inventory measuring the lower–level facets of several five–factor models. In I. Mervielde, I. Deary, F. De Fruyt, & F. Ostendorf (Eds.), Personality psychology in Europe (Vol. 7, pp. 7–28). Tilburg, The Netherlands: Tilburg University Press.
Gottfried, A. W., Gottfried, A. E., Bathurst, K., & Guerin, D. W. (1994). Gifted IQ: Early developmental aspects. The Fullerton longitudinal study. New York: Plenum.
Gould, D., Dieffenbach, K., & Moffett, A. (2002). Psychological characteristics and their development in Olympic champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14, 172–204.
Gray, M. R., & Steinberg, L. (1999). Unpacking authoritative parenting: Reassessing a multidimensional construct. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 574–587.
Gross, M. U. M. (2004a). Exceptionally gifted children (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
Gross, M. U. M. (2004b). Radical acceleration. In N. Colangelo, S. G., Assouline, and M. U. M. Gross, (Eds.), A nation deceived: How schools hold back America’s brightest students (pp. 87–96). Iowa City, IA: The Connie Belin Jacqueline N. Blank International Center for Gifted Education and Talent Development.
Hansson, S. O. (2001). The structure of values and norms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Harvey, J. H., & Pauwels, B. G. (2004). Modesty, humility, character strength, and positive psychology. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 620–623.
Hill, P. C., Pargament, K. I., Wood, R. W., McCullough, M. E., Swyers, J. P., Larson, D. B., et al. (2000). Conceptualizing religion and spirituality: Points of commonality, points of departure. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 30, 51–77.
Hiltin, S., & Piliavin, J. A. (2004). Values: Reviving a dormant concept. Annual Review of Sociology, 30, 359–393.
Holahan, C. K., & Sears, R. R., & Cronbach, L. J. (1995). The gifted group in later maturity. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Huebner, E. S., Drane, W., & Valois R. (2000). Levels and demographic correlates of adolescent life satisfaction reports. School Psychology International, 21, 281–292.
Jackson, A. W., & Davis, G. A. (2000). Turning Points 2000: Educating adolescents in the 21st century. New York: Teachers College Press.
Jørgensen, H. (2002). Instrumental performance expertise and amount of practice among instrumental students in a conservatoire. Music Education Research, 4, 105–119.
Kahneman, D. Krueger, A. B., Schkade, D., Schwarz, N. & Stone, A. A. (2006, June 30). Would you be happier if you were richer? A focusing illusion. Science, 312, 1908–1910.
Keirsey, D. (1998). Please understand me II. Del Mar, CA: Prometheus Nemesis Book Company.
King, L. A. (2001). The hard road to the good life: The happy, mature person. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 41, 51–72.
Koenig, H. G., McCullough, M. E., Larson, D. E. (2001). Handbook of religion and health. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Kulik, J. A. (2004). Meta-Analytic Studies of Acceleration. In N. Colangelo, S. G. Assouline, & M. U. M. Gross (Eds.), A nation deceived: How schools hold back America’s brightest students (pp. 13–22). Iowa City, IA: The Connie Belin Jacqueline N. Blank International Center for Gifted Education and Talent Development.
Lapsley, D. K., & Narvaez, D. (2006). Character Education. In Vol. 4 (A. Renninger & I. Siegel, volume eds.), Handbook of Child Psychology (W. Damon & R. Lerner, Series Eds.) (pp. 248–296). New York: Wiley.
Lerner, R. M. (2002). Concepts and theories of human development (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Levenson, R. W. (2003). Blood, sweat, and fears: The autonomic architecture of emotion. In P. Ekman, J. J. Campos, R. J. Davidson, & F. B. M. de Waal (Eds.), Emotions inside out: 130 years after Darwin’s The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (Vol. 1000, pp. 348–366). New York: New York Academy of Sciences.
Lickona, T. (2004). Character matter: How to help our children develop good judgment, integrity, and other essential virtues. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Lubinski, D., Schmidt, D. B., Benbow, C. P. (1996). A 20-year stability analysis of the study of values for intellectually gifted individuals from adolescence to adulthood. Journal of Applied Psychology, 4, 443–451.
Lyubomirsky, S., King, L. A., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131, 803–855.
Lyubomirsky S., Sheldon, K.M., & Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change. Review of General Psychology, 9,111–131.
Mahoney, A., Pargament, K. I., Jewell, T., Swank, A. B., Scott, E., Emery, E., et al. (1999). Marriage and the spiritual realm: The role of proximal and distal religious constructs in marital functioning. Journal of Family Psychology, 13, 321–338.
Martsolf, D. S., & Mickley, J. R. (1998). The concept of spirituality in nursing theories: Differing world-views and extent of focus. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 27, 294–303.
Matthews, D. A., McCullough, M. E., Larson, D. B., Koenig, H. G., Swyers, J. P., & Milano, M. G. (1998). Religious commitment and health status: A review of the research and implications for family medicine. Archives of Family Medicine, 7, 118–124.
McKeon, R. (1992). Introduction to Aristotle. NY: The Modern Library.
McNamara, P. (2002). The motivational origins of religious practices. Zygon, 37, 143–160.
Meier, A. (1993). Towards an integrated model of competency: Linking White and Bandura. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 7, 35–47.
Moberg, D. O. (2002). Assessing and measuring spirituality: Confronting dilemmas of universal and particular evaluative criteria. Journal of Adult Development, 9, 47–60.
Moneta, G. B., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). The effect of perceived challenges and skills on the quality of subjective experience. Journal of Personality, 64, 266–310.
Moon, S. M. (2003). Personal talent. High Ability Studies, 14, 5–21.
Moore, K. A., & Keys, C. L. M. (2003). A brief history of the study of well-being in children and adults. In M. Bornstein, L. Davidson, C. Keys, & K. Moore. (Eds.), Well-being: positive development across the life course (pp. 1–11). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Myers, D. G. (2000). The funds, friends, and faith of happy people. American Psychologist, 55, 56–67.
Neihart, M. (1999). The impact of giftedness on psychological well-being: What does the empirical literature say? Roeper Review, 22, 10–17.
O’Toole, J., & Isaacson, W. (2005). Creating the good life: Applying Aristotle’s wisdom to find meaning and happiness. Emmaus, PA: Rodale.
Park, N. (2004). The role of subjective well-being in positive youth development. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591, 25–39.
Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. (2004). Strengths of character and well-being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 603–619.
Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Titz, W., & Perry, R. (2002). Academic emotions in students’ self-regulated learning and achievement: A program of qualitative and quantitative research. Educational Psychologist, 37, 91–105.
Peterson, C. (2006). A primer in positive psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. New York: Oxford University Press & Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Plutchik, R. (1980). Emotion: A psychoevolutionary synthesis. New York: Harper & Row.
Purcell, J. H. (1993). The effects of the elimination of gifted and talented programs on participating students and their parents. Gifted Child Quarterly, 37, 177–187.
Rawls, J. (1971). A theory of justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Reichlin, M. (1997). The argument from potential: A reappraisal. Bioethics, 11(1), 1–23.
Reis, H. T., & Gable, S. L. (2003). Toward a positive psychology of relationships. In C. L. Keyes & J. Haidt (Eds.), Flourishing: The positive person and the good life (pp. 129–159). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Reis, M. R., & Renzulli, J. S. (2004). Current research on the social and emotional development of gifted and talented students: good news and future possibilities. Psychology in the Schools, 41, 119–130.
Reiss, D., Neiderhiser, J. M., Hetherington, E. M., & Plomin, R. (2000). The relationship code: Deciphering genetic and social influence on adolescent development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Robinson, N. M. (2004). The academic effects of acceleration. In N. Colangelo, S. G., Assouline, & M. U. M. Gross, (Eds.), A nation deceived: How schools hold back America’s brightest students (pp. 59–67). Iowa City, IA: The Connie Belin Jacqueline N. Blank International Center for Gifted Education and Talent Development.
Rogers, K. B. (2004). Effects of academic acceleration on the social-emotional status of gifted students. In N. Colangelo, S. G., Assouline, & M. U. M. Gross, (Eds.), A nation deceived: How schools hold back America’s brightest students (pp. 47–57). Iowa City, IA: The Connie Belin Jacqueline N. Blank International Center for Gifted Education and Talent Development.
Rokeach, M., (Ed.). (1979). Understanding human values: Individual and societal. New York: Free Press.
Russell, R. F. (2001a). The role of values in servant leadership. The Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 22, 76–83.
Russell, W. D. (2001b). An examination of flow state occurrence in college athletes. Journal of Sport Behavior, 24, 83–107.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68–87.
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (2000). Interpersonal flourishing: A positive health agenda for the new millennium. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4, 30–44.
Sadler, E., & Biggs, S. (2006). Exploring the links between spirituality and ‘successful ageing.’ Journal of Social Work Practice, 20, 267–280.
Sarros, J. C., & Cooper, B. K. (2006). Building character: A leadership essential. Journal of Business and Psychology, 21, 1–22.
Sawyer, R. (1988). In defense of academic rigor. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 11, 5–19.
Sayler, M. F. (1999). Things this young child has done. In L. Porter (Ed.), Gifted young children: A Guide for teachers and parents (pp. 282–286). Sydney, AU: Allen and Unwin.
Sayler, M. F. (2005, April). The development of the gifted through self-examination leading to character and wisdom. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Montreal, QB, Canada.
Sayler, M. F., & Boazman, J. (2006, November). The well-being of early-college entrants: Initial longitudinal study. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association for Gifted Children, Charlotte, NC.
Schwartz, C. E., Meisenhelder, J. B., Ma, Y., & Reed, G. W. (2003). Altruistic social interest behaviors are associated with better mental health. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 778–785.
Seeman, T. E., Singer, B. H., Ryff, C. D., Love, G. D., & Levy-Storms, L. (2002). Social relationships, gender, and allostatic load across two age cohorts. Psychosomatic Medicine, 64, 395–406.
Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Authentic happiness. New York: Free Press.
Shanafelt, T. D. (2005). Finding Meaning, Balance, and Personal Satisfaction in the Practice of Oncology. The Journal of Supportive Oncology, 3, 157–164.
Shavinina, L. V. (1999). The psychological essence of the child prodigy phenomenon: Sensitive periods and cognitive experience. Gifted Child Quarterly, 43, 25–37.
Shernoff, D. J., Csikszentmihalyi, M., Schneider, B., & Shernoff, E. S. (2003). Student engagement in high school classrooms from the perspective of flow theory. School Psychology Quarterly, 18, 158–176.
Shin, N. (2006). Online learner’s ‘flow’ experience: An empirical study. British Journal of Educational Technology, 37, 705–720.
Simons, J., & Riedy, J. (1969) Wisdom’s child: Exploring adult immaturity. New York: Herder & Herder.
Smutny, J. F. (Ed.). (2004). Designing and developing program for gifted students: A service publication of the National Association for Gifted Children. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, Inc.
Southern, W. T, & Jones, E. D. (2004). Types of acceleration: Dimensions and issues. In N. Colangelo, S. G., Assouline, & M. U. M. Gross (Eds.), A nation deceived: How schools hold back America’s brightest students (pp. 5–12). Iowa City, IA: The Connie Belin Jacqueline N. Blank International Center for Gifted Education and Talent Development.
Starker, S. (1989). Oracle at the supermarket. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Staubus, G. J. (2005). Ethics failures in corporate financial reporting. Journal of Business Ethics, 57, 5–15.
Steiner, H. H., & Carr, M. (2003). Cognitive development in gifted children: Toward a more precise understanding of emerging differences in intelligence. Educational Psychology Review, 15, 215–246.
Sternberg, R. J. (2000). Wisdom as a form of giftedness. Gifted Child Quarterly, 44, 252–260.
Sternberg, R. J. (2001). Why should schools teach for wisdom: The balance theory of wisdom in educational settings. Educational Psychology, 36, 227–245.
Sternberg, R. J. (2003). WICS: A theory of wisdom, intelligence, and creativity, synthesized. New York, USA: Cambridge University Press.
Sternberg, R. J. (2004). Words to the wise about wisdom? A commentary on Ardelt’s critique of Baltes. Human Development, 47, 286–289.
Toner, J. H. (2000). Morals under the gun: The cardinal virtues, military ethics, and American society. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky.
Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 320–333.
Urry, H. L., Nitschke, J. B., Dolski, I., Jackson, D. C., Dalton, K. M., Mueler, C. J., et al. (2004). Making a life worth living. Psychological Science, 15, 367–372.
Vittersø, J. (2003). Flow versus life satisfaction: A projective use of cartoons to illustrate the difference between the evaluation approach and the intrinsic motivation approach to subjective quality of life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 4, 201–233.
Vogt, C. P. (2005). Maximizing human potential: Capabilities theory and the professional work environment. Journal of Business Ethics, 58, 111–123.
Waterman, A. (1993). Two concepts of happiness: Contrast of personal expressiveness (eudaimonia) and hedonic enjoyment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 678–691.
Wentzel, K. R. (2001). Are effective teachers like good parents? Teaching styles and student adjustment in early adolescence. Child Development, 73, 287–301.
Wink, P., & Scott, J. (2005). Does religiousness buffer against the fear of death and dying in late adulthood? Findings from a longitudinal study. Journal of gerontology Journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 60, 207–214.
Winner, E. (2000). The origins and ends of giftedness. American Psychologist, 55, 159–169.
Zinnbauer, B. J., Pargament, K. I., & Scott, A. B. (1999). The emerging meanings of religiousness and spirituality: problems and prospects. Journal of Personality, 67, 889–920.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sayler, M.F. (2009). Gifted and Thriving: A Deeper Understanding of Meaning of GT. In: Shavinina, L.V. (eds) International Handbook on Giftedness. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6162-2_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6162-2_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-6161-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-6162-2
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawEducation (R0)