Abstract
Training of high-performance athletes is always like a “ride on a razor blade”. A balance of necessary phases of overload and recovery will, in general and if all other conditions are all right, e. g. day form, environmental conditions, etc., lead to good competition results. A training/competition ≫ recovery imbalance, however, will result in performance incompetence and overtraining syndrome.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adlercreutz H, Harkonen K, Kuoppasalmi K, Naveri H, Huthamieni H, Tikkanen H, Remes K, Dessipris A, Karvonen J (1986) Effect of trianing on plasma anabolic and catabolic steroid hormones and their response during physical exercise. Int J Sports Med 7(Suppl): 27–28
Barron JL, Noakes TD, Lewy W, Smith C, Millar RP (1985) Hypothalamic dysfunction in overtrained athletes. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 60: 803–806
Bruin D (1994) Adaptation and overtraining in horses subjected to increasing training loads. J Appl Physiol 76: 1908–1913
Budgett R (1990) Overtraining syndrome. Br J Sports Med 24: 231–236
Costill DL, Bowers R, Braunam G, Sparks K (1971) Muscle glycogen utilization during prolonged exercise on successive days. J Appl Physiol 31: 834–838
Costill DL, Flynn MG, Kirwan JP, Houmard JA, Mitchell JB, Thomas R, Sung HP (1988) Effects of repeated days of intensified training on muscle glycogen and swimming performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 20: 249–254
Counsilman JE (1955) Fatigue and staleness. Athletic J 15: 16–20
Foster C, Lehmann M (1996) Overtraining Syndrome. In: Guten GN (ed) Running Injuries. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia-London-Toronto-Montreal-Sidney-Tokyo: 173–188
Fry RW, Morton AR, Keast D (1991) Overtraining in Athletes. An Update. Sports Med 12(1): 32–65
Hackney AC, Sinning WE, Bruor BC (1990) Hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis function in endurance-trained males. Int J Sports Med 11: 298–303
Hackney AC (1991) Hormonal changes at rest in overtrained endurance athletes. Biology of Sport 8: 49–56
Hakkinen K, Pakarinen A, Alen M, Kauhanen H, Komi PV (1987) Relationships between training volume, physical performance capacity and serum hormone concentrations during prolonged weight training in elite weight lifters. Int J Sports Med 8 (Suppl): 61–65
Hakkinen K, Pakarinen A, Alen M, Kauhanen H, Komi PV (1988) Daily hormonal and neuromuscular responses to intensive strength training in 1 week. Int J Sports Med 9: 422–428
Hooper SL, Mackinnon LT, Gordon RD, Bachmann AW (1993) Hormonal responses of elite swimmers to overtraining. Med Sci Sports Exerc 25: 741–747
Hooper SL, Mackinnon LT, Howard A, Gordon RD, Bachmann AW (1995) Markers for monitoring overtraining and recovery. Med Sci Sports Exerc 27: 106–112
Israel S (1976) Zur Problematik des Übertrainings aus internistischer und leistungsphysiologischer Sicht. Medizin und Sport 16: 1–12
Kuipers H, Keizer HA (1988) Overtraining in elite athletes. Sports Med 6: 79–92
Jost J, Weiss M, Weicker H (1989) Unterschiedliche Regulation des adrenergen Rezeptorsystems in verschiedenen Trainingsphasen von Schwimmern und Langstreckenläufern. in: Böning D, Braumann KM, Busse MW, Maassen N, Schmidt W (Hrsg) Sport — Rettung oder Risiko für die Gesundheit. Deutscher Ärzteverlag, Köln: 141–145
Lehmann M, Schnee W, Scheu R, Stockhausen W, Bachl N (1992) Decreased nocturnal catecholamine excretion: parameter for an overtraining syndrome in athletes? Int J Sports Med 13: 236–242
Lehmann M, Gastmann U, Petersen KG, Bachl N, Seidel A, Khalaf AN, Fischer S, Keul J (1992) Training — overtraining: performance and hormone levels after a defined increase in training volume vs. intensity in experienced middle-and long-distance runners. Br J Sports Med 26: 233–242
Lehmann M, Foster C, Keul J (1993) Overtraining in endurance athletes. A brief review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 25(7): 854–862
Lehmann M, Knizia K, Gastmann U, Petersen KG, Khalaf AN, Bauer S, Kerp L, Keul J (1993) Influence of 6-week, 6 days per week, training on pituitary function in recreational athletes. Br J Sports Med 27: 186–192
Lehmann MJ, Lormes W, Opitz-Gress A, Steinacker JM, Netzer N, Foster C, Gastmann U (1997) Training and Overtraining: an overview and experimental results in endurance sports. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 37: 7–17
Morgan WP, Brown DR, Raglin JS, O’Connor PJ, Ellickson KA (1987) Psychological monitoring of overtraining and staleness. Br J Sports Med 21: 107–114
Newsholme EA, Parry-Billings M, McAndrew N, Budgett R (1991) A biochemical mechanism to explain some characteristics of overtraining. In: Brouns F (ed) Advances in nutrition and top sport. Med Sport Sci 32, Karger, Basel: 79–83
Owen IR (1964) Staleness. Phys Educ 56: 35
Parry-Billings M, Bloomstrand E, McAndrew N, Newsholme N, Newsholme EA (1980) A comunicational link between skeletal muscle, brain, and cells of the immune system. Int J Sports Med 11(Suppl 2):122–128
Parry-Billings M, Budgett R, Koutedakis Y, Bloomstrand E, Brooks S, Williams C, Calder PC, Pilling S, Baigrie R, Newsholme EA (1992) Plasma amino acid concentration in the overtraining syndrome: possible effects on the immune system. Med Sci Sports Exerc 24: 1353–1358
Stone MH, Keith RE, Kearney JT, Fleck SJ, Wilsond GD, Triplett NT (1991) Overtraining. A review of signs, symptoms and possible causes. J Appl Sport Science Research 5: 35–50
Verma SK, Mahindroo SR, Kansal DK (1978) Effect of four weeks of hard physical training on certain physiological and morphological parameters of basketball players. J Sports Med 18: 379–384
Vervoorn C, Quist AM, Vermulst LJM, Erich WBM, de Vries WR, Thijssen JHH (1991) The behavior of the plasma free testosterone/cortisol ratio during a season of elite rowing training. Int J Sports Med 12: 257–263
Wheeler GD, Singh M, Pierce WD, Epling SF, Cumming DC (1991) Endurance training decreases serum testosterone levels without change in LH pulsatile release. J Clin Endocrin Metabol 72: 422–425
Wilson W, Maughan RJ (1993) Evidence for the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in fatigue during prolonged exercise. Int J Sports Med 14: 297–298
Wittert GA, Livesey JH, Espiner EA, Donald RA (1996) Adaption of the hypothalamopituitary adrenal axis to chronic exercise stress in humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 28(8): 1015–1019
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gastmann, U.A.L., Lehmann, M.J. (1999). Monitoring Overload and Regeneration in Cyclists. In: Lehmann, M., Foster, C., Gastmann, U., Keizer, H., Steinacker, J.M. (eds) Overload, Performance Incompetence, and Regeneration in Sport. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-34048-7_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-34048-7_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-306-46106-4
Online ISBN: 978-0-585-34048-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive