Neuropsychologists generally measure behavior as a means for making inferences about brain function. Regardless of whether such measurement takes place in the clinic or the laboratory, the basic process is the same: Behavioral and cognitive performances that are readily observable “stand in,” as it were, for the less observable “brain states” they are thought to reflect.
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Fennell, E.B., Bauer, R.M. (2009). Models of Inference in Evaluating Brain-Behavior Relationships in Children. In: Reynolds, C.R., Fletcher-Janzen, E. (eds) Handbook of Clinical Child Neuropsychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78867-8_10
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