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Characteristics of Tic Disorders

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Tic Disorders, Trichotillomania, and Other Repetitive Behavior Disorders

5. Conclusions

Our understanding of tic disorders has increased significantly over the past twenty years through research that has focused on genetics, neurobiological substrates, environmental factors, and effective treatments. Through these empirical efforts as well as clinical experiences, the prevalence, natural course, and phenomenology of tic disorders have become clearer. High rates of comorbidity with ADHD and OCD have made it necessary to tease apart the biological and behavioral differences between individuals who have only tics (motor and/or vocal) and those who have these comorbidities, as well as the varying effects of these differences. These disorders provide a remarkable demonstration that behavior is the result of the on-going interaction of biology and environment and that simplistic approaches that consider only one without the other may prove insufficient to the understanding of tic disorders and to the development of effective treatments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 230 S. Frontage Road, New Haven, CT, 06520

    Diane B. Findley

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee

    Douglas W. Woods

  2. North Dakota State University, USA

    Raymond G. Miltenberger

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Findley, D.B. (2001). Characteristics of Tic Disorders. In: Woods, D.W., Miltenberger, R.G. (eds) Tic Disorders, Trichotillomania, and Other Repetitive Behavior Disorders. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-45944-8_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-45944-8_4

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