Abstract
Do the mouth, pharynx, and larynx operate independently, or are there feedback mechanisms between the pharynx and esophagus?
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Edwards DAW. History and symptoms of esophageal disease. In: Vantrappen G, Hellemans J, eds. Diseases of the Esophagus. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1974.
Jones B, Ravich WJ, Donner MW, Kramer SS, Hendrix TR. Pharyngoesophageal interrelationships: observations and working concepts. Gastrointest Radiol 1985; 10: 225–233.
Murakami Y, Fukuda H, Kirchner JA. The cricopharyngeus muscle. Acta Otolaryngol (suppl) (Stockh) 1972; 311: 1–19. 17.
Creamer B, Schlegel J. Motor responses of the esophagus to distension. JAppl Physiol 1957; 10: 498–504.
Enzmann DR, Harell GS, Zboralske FE Upper esophageal responses to intraluminal distention in man. Gastroenterology 1977; 72: 1292–1298.
Gerhardt DC, Shuck BS, Bordeaux RA, Winship DH. Human upper esophageal sphincter: response to volume, osmotic and acid stimuli. Gastroenterology 1978; 75: 268–274.
Rosenberg SJ, Harris LD. A single physiologic mechanism for changing strength of both esophageal sphincters (abstract). Gastroenterology 1971; 60: 798.
Hunt PS, Connell AM, Smiley TBN. The cricopharyngeal sphincter in gastric reflux. Gut 1970; 11: 303–306.
Stanciu C, Bennett JR. Upper oesophageal sphincter yields pressure in normal subjects and in patients with gastroesophageal reflux. Thorax 1974; 29: 459–462.
Vakil NB, Kahrilas PJ, Dodds WJ, Vanagunas A. Absence of an upper esophageal sphincter response to acid reflux. Gastroenterology 1989; 84: 606–610.
Torrico S, Ren J, Sui Z, Hofmann C, Shaker R. Upper esophageal sphincter function during gastroesophageal reflux events. Gastroenterol ogy 1998; 114 (4): G3481.
Medda BK, Lang IM, Layman R, Hogan WJ, Dodds WJ, Shaker R. Characterization and quantification of a pharyngo-UES contractile reflex in cats. Am J Physiol 1994;167(Gastrointest Liver Physiol 30):G972–G983.
Shaker R, Ren J, Xie P, Lang IM, Bardan E, Sui Z. Characterization of the pharyngo-UES contractile reflex in humans. Am J Physiol 1997; 273 (Gastrointest Liver Physiol 36): 854–858
Shaker R, Ren J, Zamir Z, Sarna A, Liu J, Sui Z. Effect of aging, position, and temperature on the threshold volume triggering pharyngeal swallows. Gastroenterology 1994; 107: 396–402.
Ulualp SO, Toohill RJ, Kern M, Shaker R. Pharyngo-UES contractile reflex in patients with posterior laryngitis. Laryngoscope 1998; 108 (9): 1354–1357.
Shaker R, Dodds WJ, Ren J, Hogan WJ, Arndorfer RC. Esophagoglottal closure reflex: a mechanism of airway protection. Gastroenterology 1992; 102: 857–861.
Shaker R, Ren J, Medda B, Lang I, Cowles V, Jaradeh S. Identification and characterization of the esophagoglottal closure reflex in a feline model. Am J Physiol 1994;266(Gastrointeet Liver Physiol 29):G147–G153.
Shaker R, Ren J, Kern M, Dodds WJ, Hogan WJ, Li Q. Mechanisms of airway protection and UES opening during belching. Am J Physiol 1992;262(Gastrointest Liver Physiol 25): G621–G628.
Shaker R, Ren J, Hogan WJ, Liu J, Podvrsan B, Sui Z. Glottal function during postprandial gastroesophageal reflux. Gastroenterology 1993; 104 (4): A581.
Ren J, Shaker R, Dua K, Trifan A, Podvrsan B, Sui Z. Glottal adduction response to pharyngeal water stimulation: evidence for a pharyngoglottal closure reflex. Gastroenterology 1994; 106 (4–2): A558.
Henderson RD. Reflux induced cricopharyngeal dysphagia-pathologic change in muscle biopsies (abstract). Paper presented at: Second International Conference on Diseases of the Esophagus; May 19–21,1983; Chicago.
Cook T, Blumbergs P, Cash K, Jamieson G, Shearman D. Structural abnormalities of the cricopharyngeus muscle in patients with pharyngeal (Zenker’s) diverticulum. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1992; 7: 556–562.
Lerut T, van Racmdonck D, Guelinckx P, Dom R, Geboes K. Zenker’s diverticulum: Is a myotomy of the cricopharyngeus useful? How long should it be ? Hepatogastroenterology 1992; 39: 127–131.
Chernow B, Johnson LF, Janowitz WR, Castell DO. Pulmonary aspiration as a consequence of gastro-esophageal reflux: a diagnostic approach. Dig Dis Sci 1979; 24: 839–844.
Kennedy JH. Silent gastro-esophageal reflux: an important but little known cause of pulmonary complications. Dis Chest 1962; 42: 42–65.
Overholt RH, Ashraf MM. Esophageal reflux as trigger in asthma. N Y State J Med 1966; 66: 3030–3032.
Mays EE. Intrinsic asthma in adults: association with gastro-esophageal reflux. JAMA 1976; 236: 2626–2628.
Danus O, Casar C, Larrain A, Pope CE. Esophageal reflux-an unrecognized cause of recurrent obstructive bronchitis in children. J Pediatr 1976; 89: 220–224.
Christie DL, O’Grady LR, Mack DV. Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter and gastroesophageal reflux in recurrent acute pulmonary disease of infancy and childhood. J Pediatr 1978; 93: 23–27.
Berquist WE, Rachelefsky GS, Kadden M, Siegel SC, Katz RM, Fonkalsrud EW, Ament ME. Gastro-esophageal reflux-associated recurrent pneumonia and chronic asthma in children. Pediatrics 1981; 68: 29–35.
Goldberg M, Noyek AM, Pritzker KP II. Laryngeal granuloma secondary to gastro-esophageal reflux. J Otolaryngol 1978; 7: 196–202.
Larrain A, Lira E, Otero M, Pope CE II. Posterior laryngitis: a useful marker of esophageal reflux (abstract). Gastroenterology 1981; 80: 1204.
Cherry J, Margulies SI. Contact ulcers of the larynx. Laryngoscope 1968; 78: 1937–1940.
Olson N. The problem of gastroesophageal re-flux. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1986; 19: 119133.
Ward PH, Harrison DG. Reflux as an etiological factor of carcinoma of the laryngopharynx. Laryngoscope 1988; 98: 1195–1199.
Price JC, Jansen CJ, Johns ME. Esophageal reflux and secondary malignant neoplasia at laryngoesophagectomy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1990; 116: 163–164.
Cunningham Jr ET, Ravich WJ, Jones B, Donner MW. Vagal reflexes referred from the upper aerodigestive tract: an infrequently recognized cause of common cardiorespiratory responses. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116: 575582.
Cherry J, Siegel CI, Margulies SI, Donner MW. Pharyngeal localization of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux. Ann Otolaryngol 1970; 79: 912–915.
Brady AP, Stevenson GW, Somers S, Hough DM, Di Giandomenico E. Premature contraction of the cricopharyngeus: a new sign of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Abdom Imaging 1995; 20: 225–229.
Ravich WJ, Jones B, Kramer SS, Donner MW. Unexplained pharyngeal dysphagia-the role of esophageal disease (abstract). Gastroenterology 1983; 84: 1282.
Cook IJ, Gabb M, Panagopoulos V, Jamieson GG, Hains JD, Dodds WJ, Dent J, Shearman DJ. Zenker’s diverticulum: a defect in upper esophageal sphincter compliance. Gastroenterology 1989; 96: A98.
Cook IJ, Blumbergs P, Cash K, Graham S, Jamieson GG, Hains JD, Shearman DJ. Zenker’s diverticulum: evidence for a restrictive cricopharyngeal myopathy. Gastroenterology 1989; 96: A98.
Shaw DW, Cook IJ, Simula ME, Jamieson GG, Holloway RH, Gabb M, Dent J. Restoration of normal upper esophageal sphincter compliance following cricopharyngeal myotomy in patients with Zenker’s diverticulum. Gastroenterology 1990;95:Al22.
Dohlman G, Mattsson O. The role of the cricopharyngeal muscle in cases of hypopharyngeal diverticula. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1959; 81: 561–569.
Knuff TE, Benjamin SB, Castell DO. Pharyngoesophageal (Zenker’s) diverticulum: a reappraisal. Gastroenterology 1982; 82: 734736.
Jones B, Donner MW, Rubesin SE, Ravich WJ, Hendrix TR. Pharyngeal findings in 21 patients with achalasia of the esophagus. Dysphagia 1988; 2: 87–92.
Dudnick RS, Castell JA, Castell DO. Abnormal upper esophageal sphincter function in achalasia. Am J Gastroenterol 1991;87(12):17121715.
Zhang ZG, Diamant NE. Repetitive contractions of the upper esophageal body and sphincter in achalasia. Dysphagia 1994; 9 (1): 1219.
Ravich WJ, Wison RS, Jones B, Donner MW. Psychogenic dysphagia and globus: reevaluation of 23 patients. Dysphagia 1989; 4: 3538.
Ott DJ, Ledbetter MS, Koufman JA, Chen MY. Globus pharyngeus: radiographic evaluation and 24-hour pH monitoring of the pharynx and esophagus in 22 patients. Radiology 1994; 191 (1): 95–97.
Barofsky I, Ravich W, Buchholz D, Jones B. Oral findings on video swallowing study in neurogenic and psychogenic dysphagia (abstract). Paper presented at: 25th Annual Meeting and Postgraduate Course of the Society of Gastrointestinal Radiologists; Bermuda; March 24–29, 1996.
Olsson R, Castell JA, Castell DO, Ekberg O. Solid-state computerized manometry improves diagnostic yield in pharyngeal dysphagia: simul taneous videoradiography and manometry in dysphagia patients with normal barium swallows. Abdom Imaging 1995; 20 (3): 230–235.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jones, B. (2003). Pharyngoesophageal Interrelationships and Reflexes Involved in Airway Protection. In: Jones, B. (eds) Normal and Abnormal Swallowing. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-22434-3_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-22434-3_6
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-2904-4
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-22434-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive