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Effect of Hallucinogens on Unconditioned Behavior

  • Chapter
Behavioral Neurobiology of Psychedelic Drugs

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 36))

Abstract

Because of the ethical and regulatory hurdles associated with human studies, much of what is known about the psychopharmacology of hallucinogens has been derived from animal models. However, developing reliable animal models has proven to be a challenging task due to the complexity and variability of hallucinogen effects in humans. This chapter focuses on three animal models that are frequently used to test the effects of hallucinogens on unconditioned behavior: head twitch response (HTR), prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI), and exploratory behavior. The HTR has demonstrated considerable utility in the neurochemical actions of hallucinogens. However, the latter two models have clearer conceptual bridges to human phenomenology. Consistent with the known mechanism of action of hallucinogens in humans, the behavioral effects of hallucinogens in rodents are mediated primarily by activation of 5-HT2A receptors. There is evidence, however, that other receptors may play secondary roles. The structure–activity relationships (SAR) of hallucinogens are reviewed in relation to each model, with a focus on the HTR in rats and mice.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from NIDA (R01 DA002925 and R01 DA041336), NIMH (K01 MH100644), and the Veteran’s Affairs VISN 22 MIRECC.

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  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0804, USA

    Adam L. Halberstadt & Mark A. Geyer

  2. Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA

    Adam L. Halberstadt & Mark A. Geyer

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  1. Adam L. Halberstadt
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Correspondence to Adam L. Halberstadt .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Adam L. Halberstadt

  2. Psychiatric University Hospital, Heffter Research Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Franz X. Vollenweider

  3. Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    David E. Nichols

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Halberstadt, A.L., Geyer, M.A. (2016). Effect of Hallucinogens on Unconditioned Behavior. In: Halberstadt, A.L., Vollenweider, F.X., Nichols, D.E. (eds) Behavioral Neurobiology of Psychedelic Drugs. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 36. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2016_466

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