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Does Stress Elicit Depression? Evidence From Clinical and Preclinical Studies

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Behavioral Neurobiology of Stress-related Disorders

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 18))

Abstract

Exposure to stressful situations may induce or deteriorate an already existing depression. Stress-related depression can be elicited at an adolescent/adult age but evidence also shows that early adverse experiences even at the fetal stage may predispose the offspring for later development of depression. The hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA-axis) plays a key role in regulating the stress response and dysregulation in the system has been linked to depression both in humans and in animal models. This chapter critically reviews clinical and preclinical findings that may explain how stress can cause depression, including HPA-axis changes and alterations beyond the HPA-axis. As stress does not elicit depression in the majority of the population, this motivated research to focus on understanding the biology underlying resilient versus sensitive subjects. Animal models of depression have contributed to a deeper understanding of these mechanisms. Findings from these models will be presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Helle M. Sickmann

  2. Lundbeck Research DK, Ottiliavej 9, Copenhagen, DK-2500, Denmark

    Helle M. Sickmann & Arne Mørk

  3. Lundbeck Research USA, 215 College Road, Paramus, NJ, 07652, USA

    Yan Li & Connie Sanchez

  4. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, 1410 Pelham Pkwy S, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA

    Maria Gulinello

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  1. Helle M. Sickmann
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  2. Yan Li
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  3. Arne Mørk
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  4. Connie Sanchez
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  5. Maria Gulinello
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Correspondence to Connie Sanchez .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Kings College London, London, United Kingdom

    Carmine M. Pariante

  2. Family and Community Health Systems, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA

    M. Danet Lapiz-Bluhm

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Sickmann, H.M., Li, Y., Mørk, A., Sanchez, C., Gulinello, M. (2014). Does Stress Elicit Depression? Evidence From Clinical and Preclinical Studies. In: Pariante, C., Lapiz-Bluhm, M. (eds) Behavioral Neurobiology of Stress-related Disorders. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 18. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2014_292

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